Presentation Pumps

7/31/2019 Presentation Pumps

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Pumps

Dynamic Pumps Positive Displacement

Special Peripheral Centrifugal

Ram

(Hydraulic)

Gas lift

Jet Boosted

Jet Ejector

Cryogenic

Multi Stage

Single Stage

RadialFlow

AxialFlow

MixedFlow

Rotary Reciprocating


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Centrifugal

Pumps Classification

Radial Flow Axial Flow

Mixed Flow

Single Stage Multi Stage Single Stage Multi Stage

Closed Impeller

Semi Open Imp.

Open Impeller

Closed Impeller

Semi Open Imp.

ClosedImpeller

Semi OpenImpeller

ClosedImpeller

Semi OpenImpeller


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Rotary

Cam Gear Screw Vane

Internal External


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Reciprocating

Piston Plunger Piston

SingleActing

DoubleActing

Simple

Multiples

Simple MultiplesFluid

Operated

Mech.Operated

Simple

Multiples


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APPROXIMATE UPPER LIMIT OF PRESSURE AND CAPACITYBY

PUMP CLASS


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Total Head :This is the entire vertical distance from water source tothe tank.

Horizontal Distance: Pumps cannot move water very far by suction, even ifthe lift involved is below it's limit. So if large distancesfrom source to tank are involved the pump is normallylocated at the supply and the water pressure used.Adequate wiring must then be used to compensate forvoltage drop. Large diameter pipes will minimise lossesdue to pipe friction. For large distances particularly iflarge volumes of water are required the simplest routemay be to use standard 230 Vac pumps run from aninverter.

Power Consumption: Not the least important consideration in a remotepower system! Flow, Head, Pressure & PowerConsumption are all related: for the same pump, thegreater the lift the lower the flow and the more powerused.


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Series & Parallel - Differing methods of setting up pumps for operation. If Agreater flow is required pumps are set in parallel. If a

greater pressure is required pumps are set in series.

NPSH - Net positive suction head. The minimum height (In metres)of a column of water required at The pump suction, overand above the liquid Vapour pressure to avoid cavitation

Eye - Opening by which the liquid enters the Impeller.


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The Principle of Operation

Impeller Classification According To The MechanicalConstruction:-

1.Enclosed impeller, with shrouds or sidewalls enclosing thewaterways from bothsides.

2. Open impeller, with no shrouds

3.Semi-open or semi-closed impeller have one side shroud

4. Impeller Classification


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Pump Start Up and Shut Down

1.Pump Start Up

After the pump has been installed and coupling alignment completed, anappropriate checklist may be consulted and these steps should be followed for asuccessful start up:

1. Check for sufficient proper lubrication for pump and driver.

2. Drive should be checked for correct rotation.

3. Pump suction valve should be fully opened.

4. Check pump and piping for leaks.

5. Pump casing should be vented. Open vent at top of pump casing until allair is expelled.


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6. If product is hot, ample time should be allowed for pump casing to heat up.Pump casing and rotating assembly could distort from uneven heat transfer.

7. Before starting, rotate shaft by hand. It should be free with no rubbing.

8. Crack open discharge valve, don't fully open. A centrifugal pump uses lesspower at start-up with the discharge valve nearly closed. This practice willalso prevent initial cavitation.

9. Start pump, watch discharge pressure gage. As soon as the pump pressure

stabilises, open discharge valve slowly. Watch discharge gage, dischargepressure will fall off for few turns of the discharge valve until it is fully open.Important! Never allow pump to run too long with discharge valve closed.


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2. Pump shut down

The discharge valve on a centrifugal pump should be partially closed beforethe drive is stopped in order to prevent reversed flow. Usually, there is a checkvalve in the discharge line to prevent such reversed flow.

Stop motor, and then open the warm up valve if the pump is to be kept at theoperating temperature. Close the valve of the cooling water supply to thebearings and of water cooling stuffing box.


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LUBRICATION

A lubrication is any substance, which, when inserted betweenthe moving surface, accomplishes these proposes :

1- To reduce the wear and friction between the contact surfaces

2- To carry away the heat

3- To act as a seal for contamination .

4- To keep the surface clean

5- To carry and absorb heavy loads.


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A. Lubrication System

"The lube oil pump draws oil from the power frames lube oil sump, through asuction strainer and supplies pressurized to the inlet of the power frames

integral oil supply header. The lube oil supply header distributes the oil tothe crossheads, Wrist pins and the main bearings through ports in theframe. A portion of the oil supplied to the wrist pins passes through radialholes in the pins and is direct toward the crankpin . bearings through therifle-drilled connecting rod.


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Lube-oil

Systems.


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Control Valve System


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Automatic Recirculation Valve System


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A.R.C. ValveCutaway (Yarway

Valve Co.)


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Priming of Pumps


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Capacity Regulation of PumpsCaution


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Chapter 2

Centrifugal Pumps


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The Principle of Operation

1.1 Centrifugal pumps are classified into two main types: horizontal and verticalaccording to the shaft centre Line.

1.2 The centrifugal pump may be defined as any pump, which uses centrifugalforce to move the liquid, which it pumps. This type of pump. Literally throwsthe Liquid out Liquid enters the eye of the impeller, at a designed suctionpressure the rotation of the impeller then throw the Liquid radically out of theedge of the impeller where it is collected in the case of the pump which iscalled volute

1.3. The volute is the spiral - shaped casing surrounding the impeller. It collectsthe Liquid discharged by the pump and convert, velocity energy topressure energy.


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1.4 As the liquid produces pressure in the volute case, it also creates anunbalanced load on the shaft bearing (radial thrust), to reduce this, a flowsplitter is added, so this called a double volute Casing.

1.5 The diffuser type case is another method. to over come radial thrust .Thediffuser. is a stationary vane ring around the impeller which convert thevelocity to pressure all around the impeller without having any highunbalanced redial thrust at anyone point.

1.6 Impeller classification according to the mechanical construction:

1. Enclosed impeller, with shrouds or sidewalls enclosing the waterways

from both sides.

2. open impeller, with no shrouds

3. semi-open or semi-closed impeller have one side shroud

4. Impeller Classification


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They can also be divided according to the:

1. Number of stages - single or multi-stage

2. Suction inlet - single or double suction

3. Position of shaft - horizontal or vertical

4. Type of casing - horizontal split or vertical split

5. Mounting - in-line or base-mounted

V l t P


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Volute Pump


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Fluid VelocityWithin A Volute

Pump


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Single-Stage, Single-Inlet Volute Pump


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Diffuser Pump


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Impeller Designs


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Priming of Centrifugal Pumps

Single Stage Pumps


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Multi-Stage Pumps Priming:


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Casings and Diffusers


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Diffuser Type Centrifugal Pump.


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Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal Pump Performance


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Two Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel


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TwoCentrifugal

Pumps

in Series


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Pump Constructional Drawing and Components


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Single stage Centrifugal Pump


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Double Suction Single Stage Pump


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Stage Centrifugal PumpWith Opposed Impellers


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Cavitation

Whenever we find a centrifugal pump not performing well, thecauses can usually be traced back to 3 common reasons:

Suction related problem

System related problem

Mechanical related problem

Centrifugal Pump Troubleshooting


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Suction Related Problem

The liquid inside the impeller must behave like a solid column in order for thecentrifugal pump to work. More liquid must replace whatever liquid forced out bycentrifugal force. If the solid column of liquid is broken, by the presence of air, thepumping effect is reduced or broken, and the pump does not perform properly. Someof the common suction related faults are:

Pump not primed

Pump suction pipe not completely filled with liquid

Suction lift too high

Insufficient margin between suction pressure andvapor pressure

Excessive amount of air or gas in the liquid

Air pockets in the suction line


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Air leaks into the suction line

Air leaks into the pump through the stuffing box or gland

Foot valve too small

Foot valve partially clogged

Water seal pipe plugged

Inlet of suction pipe insufficiently submerged

Seal cage improperly located in stuffing box, preventing sealing fluidentering space to form a seal


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System Related Problem

Speed too low

Speed too high

The total head of system higher than design pump head

Wrong direction of rotation

The total head of system lower than design pump head

Specific gravity of liquid different from design

Operation at very low capacity

Viscosity of liquid differs from that for which the pump was designed

Parallel operation of pumps unsuitable for such operation


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Mechanical Related Problem

Foreign matter in the impeller

Misalignment

Foundations not rigid

Shaft bent

Rotating part rubbing on stationary part

Bearing worn

Wearing rings worn

Impeller damaged

Casing gasket defective, permitting internal leakage


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Shaft or shaft sleeves worn or scored at the packing

Packing improperly installed

Incorrect type of packing for operating conditions

Shaft running off-center because of worn bearings or misalignment

Rotor out of balance, resulting in vibration

Gland too tight, resulting in no flow of liquid to lubricate the packing

Failure to provide cooling liquid to water-cooled stuffing boxes

Excessive clearance at bottom of stuffing box between shaft and casing, causing

packing to be forced into pump interior

Dirt or grit in sealing liquid, leading to scoring of shaft or shaft sleeve

Excessive thrust caused by a mechanical failure inside the pump or by the failure. of the hydraulic balancing device, if any


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Excessive grease or oil in anti-friction bearing housing or lack of cooling,causing excessive bearing temperature

Lack of lubrication

Improper installation of anti-friction bearings

Dirt getting into bearings

Rusting of bearings due to water getting into hous

Excessive cooling of water cooled bearing, resulting in condensation ofmoisture from the atmosphere in the bearing housing


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Chapter 3

Impellers Arrangements and Axial Thrust


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Axial Thrust

Axial Thrust in Single-Stage pumpsClosed impeller

Axial Thrust in Double SuctionImpellers


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Axial Thrust


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Axial Thrust in Multistage Pumps

In balancing thrust, several methods are in use:

Opposed Groups

Impeller stages arranged in opposing groups.

An arrangement with back-to-back (opposed)


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g ( pp )impellers.


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Balanced Impeller.


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Balancing Drum


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Balancing Disc


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Combination Balancing Disc and Drum.


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Chapter 4

Pump Accessories


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Wearing Rings

Description

Wearing and Pump Performance

Pump Accessories


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Wear Ring Types

Flat Type Rings


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L-Type Rings


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Wear Ring Mounting

As it is not desirable for the casing ring of an axially split casing pump to bepinched be the casing, the ring will not be held tightly enough to prevent itsrotation unless special provisions are made to keep it in place. One means ofaccomplishing this is to place a pin in the casing that will project into a hole

bored in the ring, or, conversely, to provide a pin in the ring that will fit into ahole bored in the casing or into a recess at the casing split joint.

Many methods are used for holding impeller rings on the impeller. Probablythe simplest to rely on a press fit of the ring on the impeller or, if the ring is ofproper material, or a shrink fit. Designers do not usually feel that a press fit is

sufficient and often add several machine screws or setscrews located half inthe ring and half in the impeller.


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Wearing-ring Clearances for Single-stage pumps using

nongalling materials


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Methods of Checking Ring Clearances

1.Feeler Gauges

2. Dial Indicator

3. Micrometer

M i f I ll d W i


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Maintenance of Impeller and Wearing

a. Removal of impellers

b. If impeller rings

c. Check the hub bore in the impellers


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Shaft Seals

Stuffing Box

Packed Gland

A- The simplest shaft seal is the packed gland, in which a number of turns ofpacking are compressed axially by a gland. Disadvantages of the packedgland are:

1.Some leakage usually occurs.2.Friction causes wear of the shaft or shaft sleeve.

B- If pressure at the pump suction is negative, air can be drawn in through thestuffing box. The lantern ring (seal cage) issued to introduce liquid underpressure from pump discharge or external source. Flow of sealing liquid isaxial in both directions. This prevents ingress of air or escape of hazardousliquids.


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Typical Packed Gland with Lantern Ring


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C- If the pumped liquid contains suspended solids, to prevent penetration of thestuffing box, the lubricant point can be situated in front of the first packingring and flushed with clean liquid.

Packed Gland Arrangement (Severe Service)


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Mechanical Seals

Single Mechanical Seal


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Double Mechanical Seal


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Single Seals-Balanced

Single Spring Balanced Seals


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Multi-Spring Balanced Seals

A multi-spring version of the balanced seal range, whichincludes a set screwed spring sleeve. The multispring designmakes the seal bi-directionai for applications where thereverse rotation is anticipated.


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Double Seals Tandem Seals


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Causes of Seal Failures

Vaporisation

Dry Running

Abrasives in Product

Sludging/ Bonding

Bonding

C kiCauses of


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Coking

Carbon RingErosion

Face Distortion

Broken CarbonSeal Rings

O Ring Extrusion

O Ring Overheating

Causes ofSeal Failures


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Sleeve Damage, Preventing Follow Up

Of Rotary Seal Ring

Vibration

Spring Distortion Or Breakage

Checklist of Identifying Causes of Seal


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Checklist of Identifying Causes of Sealleakage

Symptom Possible causes Corrective procedures

Seal spits andsputters

(face popping) inoperation

Seal fluid vaporising atseal interfaces

Increase cooling of seal faces

Add bypass flush line if not in use

Enlarge bypass flush line and/or

orifices in gland plate

Seal dripssteadily

Faces not flat

Carbon graphite sealfaces blistered

Seal faces thermallydistorted

Check for incorrect installationdimensions

Improve cooling flush lines

Check for gland plate platedistortion due to overtorquing ofgland bolts

Check gland gasket for propercompression


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Seal drips

steadily

Spring failure

Drive mechanismcorroded

Replace parts

Seal squeals

during operation

Amount of liquidinadequate to lubricate

seal faces

Add bypass flush line if not inuse Enlarge bypass flush line

and/or orifices in gland plate.

Carbon dustaccumulates on

outside of glandring

Amount of liquidinadequate to lubricate

seal facesLiquid film evaporatingbetween seal faces

Add by pass flush line if not inuse

Enlarge bypass flush line and/or

orifices in gland plate

Check for proper seal designwith seal manufacturer if pressurein stuffing box is excessively high


S l l k N hi b R f li d l d i


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Seal leaks Nothing appears to bewrong

Refer to list under seal drips

steadily

Check for squareness of stuffing

box to shaftAlign shaft, impeller, bearing,etc., to prevent shaft vibrationand/or distortion of gland plateand/or mating ring

Seal life is short

Abrasive fluid Increase cooling of seal faces

Increase bypass flush line flow

Check for obstructed flow incooling lines

Seal running too hot Increase cooling of seal faces

Increase bypass flush line flow

Check for obstructed flow incooling lines

Equipment mechanicallyout of line

Align

Check for rubbing of seal onshaft



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Seal drips

steadily

Clean out foreign particlesbetween seal faces; relap faces ifnecessary

Check for cracks and chips atseal faces; replace primary and

mating rings.

Secondary seals nicked

or scratched duringinstallation

O rings overaged

Secondary seals hardand brittle from

compression setSecondary seals soft andsticky from chemicalattack

Replace secondary seals

Check for proper lead inchamfers, burrs, etc.


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B i


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Bearings

Sleeve Bearing

Common Antifriction Bearings


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Common Antifriction Bearings


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Shaft Bearing and Assembly of Bearing

Bearing Lubrication

Assembly and Orientation

Shaft Sealing - Assembly of the Seal


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Chapter 5

Pump Performance & Efficiency

QH Curves


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Graph of Pump Performance:


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Ti ht i t ith


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Tightening top cover with

recommended torque for pump

T bl Ch k Li t


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Trouble Check List

No Liquid discharge

No liquid discharge from the pump may be caused by:

1. Pump not primed.

2. Speed too low - check to see whether or not motor received full voltage.

3. Suction lift too high or insufficient NPSH.

4. Impeller or piping plugged.

5. Wrong rotation.

6. Air leaks or pockets in suction line.


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Insufficient Liquid discharge

Insufficient liquid discharge may be caused by:

1. Speed too low.

2. Discharge head higher than anticipated.

3. Suction lift too high or insufficient NPSH.

4. Impeller or piping partially plugged.

5. Wrong rotation

6. Air leaks or pockets in suction line.

7. Mechanical defects (worn wearing rings or impeller damage).

8. Foot valve too small.


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Insufficient Pressure

Insufficient pressure may be caused by:

1. Speed too low.

2. Air or gases in liquid.

3. Impeller diameter too small.

4. Mechanical defects (worn wear rings or damaged impeller).

5. Wrong rotation.


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Surges in Performance

Surges in performance may be caused by:

1. Air leak in suction line.

2. Air pocket in suction line.

3. Not enough NPSH available.

4. Air or gases in liquid.

5. Impeller plugged.


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Excessive Power

Excessive power consumption may be caused by:

1. Speed too high.

2. Head too low (pumping too much liquid).

3. Specific gravity or viscosity of liquid pumped is too high.

4. Mechanical defects (bent shaft, worn wear rings, etc.).

Noisy Pump Operation


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Noisy Pump Operation

Hydraulic noise1. Cavitation

2. Insufficient NPSH.

3. Suction lift too high.

4. Air in liquid.

Mechanical defects.

1. Shaft bent.

2. Bearing worn.

3. Rotating parts binding


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Water Hammer

Operation of Pumps

If so, you have to understand the condition of these changes andvariables:-

Reducing Head

Reducing Capacity


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There are several means to protect the pump from

such possible damage:

1. Liquid temperature relays which shut down the unit if the liquid temperatureexceeds a predetermined maximum.

2. Constant open by-pass between pump discharge and first valve piped backto suction source.

3. Low suction pressure control which will shut off the unit should the suctionpressure drop below as established minimum. NEVER THROTTLE PUMPON SUCTION SIDE.


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Chapter 6

Deferent Types of Pumps

Rotary Pumps


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Rotary Pumps

Trouble shooting (rotary pumps)


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Trouble shooting (rotary pumps)

PUMP NOT UP TO CAPACITY Suction lift too high. Bubbles form to use up part of pump displacement.

Suction strainer clogged or of insufficient area.

End of suction pipe insufficiently submerged allowing air to be drawn intopump.

Suction pipe too small, too long, or has fittings to increase pipe frictionabnormally and cause liquid to vaporise.

stuffing box improperly packed so air is drawn in.

air leaks in suction piping.

Speed too low.

Head bypass or return line partly open.


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PUMP TAKES TOO MUCH POWER.

Speed too high.

Liquid heavier or more viscous than specified for pump.

Obstruction in discharge line causes pump to operate above ratedpressure.

Stuffing box packed too tightly.

Rotating elements bind and wear excessively.


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PUMP IS NOISY.

Insufficient liquid supply.

Suction pipe too small in diameter.

Air leaks in suction or stuffing boxes.

Pump out of alignment.

High spots on rotating elements.

Relief valve chatters.

PUMP WEARS RAPIDLY.


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Grit or dirt in liquid.

Pipe strain on pump casing.

Pump operating against excessive pressures.

Corrosion roughening rubbing surfaces.

Pump running dry.

PUMP STARTS THEN LOSES PRIME.

End of suction line not immersed deeply enough.

Liquid vaporizing in suction line.

Air or gas pockets in system.

Air leaks in suction line.

External


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Gear

PumpsOperation of an external-gear pump

External-gear pump impellers


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Internal-Gear Pumps


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Internal-Gear Pumps

Troubleshooting Gear Pumps


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Troubleshooting Gear Pumps

No liquid delivered:

Pump not primed


Clogged inlet

Air leaks on inlet side of pump or through shaft seal

Relief valve pressure setting too low or held off seat by foreign material

Not enough liquid delivered:


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g q

Air leaks in inlet pipe or through shaft seal Pump speed below rating

Inlet lift higher than pump rating-check with vacuum gage at pumpinlet

Not enough inlet pressure casing liquid to vaporize in suction line-hot or volatile liquids more apt to experience this

End of inlet pipe not immersed deeply enough, causing p-ump tointake liquid/air mixture

Pump badly worn or damaged

Clogged inlet

Not enough liquid delivered: ( Condt.)


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Relief valve pressure setting too low or held off seat by foreign material

Liquid is thinner or less viscous than specified

Pump works for a while and then quits:

Leaky inlet pipingInlet lift too highAir or gas in the liquid

Pump takes too much power:

Pump speed or discharge pressure in excess of specification

Liquid is thicker or more viscous than specified

Packing gland too tight, causing high friction in shaft seal

Improper packing used, causing high friction in shaft seal

Pump not properly aligned

P i


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Pump too noisy:

Air or gas in fluid being pumped

Air leaking into inlet pipe or through shaft seal

Inlet velocity too high due to using inlet piping smaller than pump inlet

opening

Inlet pipe not submerged deeply enough or too close to return linecausing pump to intake liquid/air mixture

Relief valve chattering


Pump not properly aligned

Lobe Pumps


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Lobe Pumps

Screw Pumps


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Screw Pumps

Single- screw pump


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Two-screw timed pump

Three- screw pump

Vane Pumps


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Sliding-vane pump

ROLLING-VANE PUMP


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Location of Seals on Rotary Pump Shaft


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Rotary Piston Pumps


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Rotary Piston Pumps

Flexible-Member Pumps


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Flexible Member Pumps

Flexible-impeller pump


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Flexible impeller pump

Plunger Pumps


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Plunger Pumps

Plunger Pump (Single-Acting)

Plunger Pumps


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Plunger Pumps

Power Driven Plunger Pump Cross-Section

Plunger Pumps


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Plunger Pumps

Power Driven Triplex Pump

Diaphragm Pump


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Diaphragm Pump

Mechanically

ActuatedDiaphragm

Submersible Pumps


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Submersible Pumps

Identification

General Description

Drivers

Possible Problems


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The pump is no longer starting The pump is no longer sucking

The pumped medium is too little

The pressure is too low

The pumped medium is unstable The pump is running loudly

The pump is stuck

The drive is overloaded

The stator life time is too short

The rotor life time is too short

The shaft seal is leaking

Possible Causes ( Remedy Overleaf )


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In new pumps or stators : the static traction is too great .

The pump electrical equipment is not compatible with the electricalsupply .

The pressure is too high .

There are foreign bodies in the pump .

The temperature of the liquid medium is too high ,the stator is tooductile .

The stator has swollen , the elastomer is not compatible with themedium .

The solids content of the medium is too high and leads to blockages .

The liquid medium sediments or hardens when left to stand .

Th i i i th ti i



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There is air in the suction pipe .

The suction pipe is leaking .

The shaft seal is leaking .

The rpm is too low .

With reduced diameter rotors : operating temperature has not beenreached .

The suction is too great or pressure too low ( cavitation )

The pump is running dry .

The stator is worn out , or temperature of liquid is too low .

The stator material is brittle .

The rotor is worn out



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The rotor is worn out .

The pump and drive are not axially aligned .

The elastic element of the coupling is worn out .

The roller bearings are destroyed .

The rpm is too high .

The viscosity is too high .

The specific weight of the medium is too high .

The stuffing box is incorrectly tightened .

The packing is not suited to the liquid medium .

Mechanical seal : rotation is incorrect .

Mechanical seal : mechanical seal and mating ring have failed Mechanical seal : elastomers damaged , swollen or brittle .

Remedy


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y

Fill the pump up , then pump through manually using a suitable appliance ;if necessary use glycerine as lubricant in the stator .

Check order information . Examine electrical installation ( possibly 2 phaseoperation ) .

Measure the pressure with a manometer and check against order details .

Remove foreign bodies and eliminate possible damage .

If the liquid medlum temperature cannot be lowered , use a reduced

diameter rotor .

Check whether the liquid medlum agrees with the order requirements .possibly change stator material .

Increase the liquid part of the medium .

Remedy


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y

Clean the pump and rinse through after each run .

Increase the suction liquid level . prevent turbulence and air bubbles at theinlet .

Check seals and tighten pipe connections .

Stuffing box : tighten or renew . Mechanical seal : renew seals , eliminatesolid deposits .

In the case of adjustable drives : Increase the rpm .

Warn up the pump ( stator ) to operating temperature first of all .

Decrease suction resistance . Lower the temperature of the liquid medium ,install the pump at a lower location .

Remedy


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y

Fill up the pump , provide for dry running protection , move the pipes .

Replace with a new stator or ensure correct liquid temperature .

Fit a new stator check the liquid medium agrees with order details ; Ifnecessary change the stator material .

Change rotor , ostablish the cause . Wear and tear , corroslon , cavitation ; Ifnecessary change to different material or coating .

Replace relevant parts , carefully reseal and lubricate .

Re align the unit .

Use a new connection and re- align the pump .

Replace roller bearings , lubricate , reseal .At higher temperatures observe thelubrkant and the bearings .

Remedy


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In the case of adjustable drives : lower the rpm .

Measure the viscosity and compare with order details . If necessary adjustviscosity or change the drive .

Measure specific weight and compare with order details . If necessaryadjust specific weight or change the drive .

Service stuffing box xcording to page 7.4 , If necessary renew worn shaft .

Replace fitted packing with another packing type .

Change electrical connection .

Replace relevant rings with new ones .

Replace elastomers . Check whether the liquid medium agrees with orderdetails , If necessary change material .


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Chapter 7

Alignment

&Preventive and Predictive

Maintenance


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Alignment of Machinery

Offset Alignment

Angular Alignment

Flexible Coupling


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p g

Speed, in r.p.m.Offset Tolerance,

in mm

Angular Tolerancefor Coupling

Diameters upto 400 mm

Angular Tolerancefor Coupling

Diameters from400 to 600 mm

2500 ~ 4000 0.010 0.020 0.030

1300 ~ 2500 0.025 0.050 0.070

Below 1300 0.040 0.080 0.100

Rigid Coupling


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g p g

Speed, in r.p.m.Offset Tolerance,

in mm

AngularTolerance for

CouplingDiameters up

to 400 mm

AngularTolerance for

CouplingDiametersfrom 400 to

600 mm

2500 ~ 4000 0.010 0.020 0.020

Below 2500 0.015 0.030 0.030

Misalignment


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Figure 7-1

Keep It Straight


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Eccentricity

Hot Alignment Check

Pipe Strain

Limits

Pump and Equipment Checks

Shaft Run Out, Deflection Lift


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Concentricity Of Sleeve


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Concentricity Of Stuffing Box

Squareness of the Stuffing Box

Preventive Maintenance Necessary


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y

What is Preventive Maintenance?

A bona fide preventive maintenance program should include:

Non-destructive testing

Periodic inspection

Preplanned maintenance activities

Maintenance to correct deficiencies found through testing or inspections.

Reasons for Preventive Maintenance


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Increased Automation

Business loss due to production delays

Reduction of insurance inventories

Production of a higher quality product

Just-in-time manufacturing

Reduction in equipment redundancies

Cell dependencies

Minimize energy consumption (5% less)

Need for a more organized, planned environment

Why Have a PM Program


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Better conservation of assets and increased life expectancy of assets, therebyeliminating premature replacement of machinery and equipment.

Reduced overtime costs and more economical use of maintenance workers dueto working on a scheduled basis instead of a crash basis to repair breakdowns.

Timely, routine repairs circumvent fewer large-scale repairs.

Reduced cost of repairs by reducing secondary failures. When parts fail inservice, they usually damage other parts.

Reduced product rejects, rework, and scrap due to better overall equipmentcondition.

Identification of equipment with excessive maintenance costs, indicating theneed for corrective maintenance, operator training, or replacement of obsoleteequipment.


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The Law of PM Programs

Preventive Maintenance Program Risks

How to Have a Successful PM Program

Preventive Maintenance Execution Motivating Preventive Maintenance Workers

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