Mentoring in an Online Simulation: Shaping Preservice Teachers for ...
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ONLINE-MENTORING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
AS A MEANS FOR PERSISTENCE,
RETENTION AND GRADUATION
GLORIA NATIVIDAD, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS
“Mentoring is a developmental partnership
through which one person shares knowledge,
skills, information and perspective to foster
the personal and professional growth of
someone else. We all have a need for insight
that is outside of our normal life and
educational experience. The power of
mentoring is that it creates a one-of-a-kind
opportunity for collaboration, goal
achievement and problem-solving.”
- Indiana University. Health Education home page.
MENTORING - DEFINITION
• The issue of high attrition rates for undergraduate students enrolled in face-to-face and online courses has become a priority concern for higher education administrators and several foundations.
• Online–Mentoring is being considered as a means to address persistence, retention and graduation.
The reason for the study
• Over the past three decades the number of students entering higher education has dramatically increased.
• Recent student-retention studies indicate that only two thirds of first year students stay in school, and that only one third of those students would earn a bachelor’s degree.
The problem:
These numbers are estimates based on a Chronicle analysis of theEntering fall 2004 class at 3,800 colleges.
4.3 MILLION FRESHMEN STARTED COLLEGE IN FALL
2004
2.1 MILLION DIDN’T OFFICIALLY GRADUATE
These numbers are estimates based on a Chronicle analysis of theEntering fall 2004 class at 3,800 colleges.
Highest Graduation Rates
GRADUATION RATES BY STATE
• The development of the personal computer, Internet and other technologies have allowed a much broader and diverse population to enroll in postsecondary education.
• Creating a new category of learners (Halsne & Gatta, 2002), quite different from traditional on-campus students.
• Therefore, new ways are needed in which to address the problem of retention (Del Valle, R. and Duffy, T. M., 2006).
• Institutions have employed online technologies to provide courses to those students who would not otherwise be served.
• Unfortunately, online student retention has been noted as one of the greatest weaknesses in online education (Bierema & Merriam, 2002).
Actions taken:
MENTORING FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS
MiscommunicationSlower Dev. RelationshipsIncreased Writing and Technical SkillsTech ProblemsPrivacy
Greater access to MentorsReduced costsStatus EqualizationDecreased importance of DemographicsRecord of Interactions
Opportunities
Challenges
CMC PrimaryCMC OnlyCMC SupplementalF-t-F Mentoring
CoachingFriendshipsCounselingLearning
Type of Mentoring
Mentor Roles
Summary of Research Propositions
• Mentoring programs have proven to be effective in academic environments to increase success and retention of students; however, very few educati onal institutions have incorporated mentoring as part of their pedagogy (George, 2012).
Recommendation:
• Offering and incorporating online-mentoring programs at our institutions will provide:
a) A means to provide emotional supportb) To help students perform betterc) To encourage underrepresented groupsd) To provide greater access and support to all
members (no geographical limitationse) Reduced cost (time and financial cost of meetings)f) And ultimately… PERSIST, STAY AND GRADUATE!
“A great mentor has a knack for making
us think we are better than we think we are.
They force us to have a good opinion of
ourselves, let us know they believe in us.
They make us get more out of ourselves, and
once we learn how good we really are, we
never settle for anything less than our very
best."
The Prometheus Foundation
MENTOR - DEFINITION
ReferencesBarab, S.A., & Hay, K.E. (2001). Doing science at the elbows of experts: Issues related to
the science apprenticeship camp. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 38(1), 70-102.
Freire, P. (1997). A response. In P. Freire, with J. W. Fraser, D. Macedo, T. McKinnon, & W. T. Stokes (Eds.), Mentoring the mentor: A critical dialogue with Paulo Freire (pp. 303-329). New York: Peter Lang.
U.S. Department of Education. OPE Office of Postsecondary Education. Federal TRiO Programs. http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/trio/index.html
George, M. P. (2012). A model for student mentoring in business schools. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education. 1(2), 136-154.
Ensher, E.A., Heun, C., and Blanchard, A. (2003). Online mentoring and computer-mediated communication: New directions in research. Journal of Vocational Behavior 63, 264-288.
Del Valle, R. and Duffy, T. M. (2007). Online learning: Learner characteristics and their approaches to managing learning. Learning Strategies in Distance Education. DOI 10.1007/s11251-007-9039-0
The Chronicle of Higher Education. College completion: Who graduates from College, who doesn’t, and why it matters. http://collegecompletion.chronicle.com/about/