Presentation on PumpsPresentation on Pumps

ByBy

G.MURALIKRISHNAG.MURALIKRISHNA

EE(E) BSNL ED-1EE(E) BSNL ED-1

An OverviewAn Overview

Types of PumpsTypes of Pumps Features of various PumpsFeatures of various Pumps Selection of pumpsSelection of pumps Performance CalculationPerformance Calculation Flow control strategiesFlow control strategies Energy saving measures in PumpsEnergy saving measures in Pumps

Types of PumpsTypes of Pumps

Dynamic PumpsDynamic Pumps• CentrifugalCentrifugal• Special effect pumpsSpecial effect pumps

Displacement PumpsDisplacement Pumps• RotaryRotary• ReciprocatingReciprocating

Order of PreferenceOrder of Preference

CentrifugalCentrifugal RotaryRotary ReciprocatingReciprocating

Pumps Used in Building Pumps Used in Building ServicesServices

Sump PumpsSump Pumps• MonoblocMonobloc

Bore well PumpsBore well Pumps• Submersible PumpsSubmersible Pumps• Jet PumpsJet Pumps

Centrifugal PumpsCentrifugal Pumps

Very simple designVery simple design Two main parts are the impeller and Two main parts are the impeller and

the diffuserthe diffuser ImpellersImpellers

• BronzeBronze• poly carbonatepoly carbonate• cast ironcast iron

stainless steelstainless steel

Pressure developed by the Pressure developed by the PumpPump

depends upondepends upon• Impeller dia Impeller dia • No.of impellersNo.of impellers• size of the impeller eyesize of the impeller eye• shaft speedshaft speed

Size of the pumpSize of the pump

Depends onDepends on• HeadHead• CapacityCapacity

Advantages of centrifugal Advantages of centrifugal PumpPump

Very efficientVery efficient Produce smooth and even flowProduce smooth and even flow Reliable with good service lifeReliable with good service life

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Loss of priming easilyLoss of priming easily Efficiency depends upon operating Efficiency depends upon operating

design head & speed.design head & speed.

Centrifugal pump closely coupled with Centrifugal pump closely coupled with motormotor

Does not require long drive shaftDoes not require long drive shaft Motor operates at a cooler temperature.Motor operates at a cooler temperature. Noiseless operation.Noiseless operation. High efficiencyHigh efficiency Smooth and even flowSmooth and even flow In case of repair full pump to be removed.In case of repair full pump to be removed.

Submersible PumpsSubmersible Pumps

Jet PumpsJet Pumps

Combination of a surface centrifugal Combination of a surface centrifugal pump, nozzle and venturi pump, nozzle and venturi arrangement.arrangement.

Used in small dia bore wells.Used in small dia bore wells. Simple designSimple design Low purchase and maintenance cost.Low purchase and maintenance cost. Easy accessibility to all moving parts.Easy accessibility to all moving parts. Low efficiency.Low efficiency.

DSM measures to reduce DSM measures to reduce consumption in pumpsconsumption in pumps

Demand side management Demand side management measuresmeasures

Use of friction less foot valve.Use of friction less foot valve. Use of HDPE pipesUse of HDPE pipes Use of appropriate capacitor.Use of appropriate capacitor. Use of higher size suction pipe Use of higher size suction pipe

compared to delivery pipe. compared to delivery pipe.

Overall Efficiency = Hydraulic Overall Efficiency = Hydraulic power ( P2) X 100/ Power input ( P1)power ( P2) X 100/ Power input ( P1)

Pump efficiency. = Hydraulic Pump efficiency. = Hydraulic power ( P2) X 100/ Power input to power ( P2) X 100/ Power input to pump shaft ( P3)pump shaft ( P3)

Hydraulic Power ( P2) = Q X Total Hydraulic Power ( P2) = Q X Total Head ( hd - hs ) X p X g / 1000Head ( hd - hs ) X p X g / 1000

Q = discharge in m³/s Q = discharge in m³/s

Pump Performance Pump Performance calculationcalculation

p = density of fluid in kg/ m³p = density of fluid in kg/ m³ g = acceleration due to gravity g = acceleration due to gravity

( m/s²)( m/s²) P1 = 1.732 X V X I X pfP1 = 1.732 X V X I X pf P3 = P1 X eff.of motor.P3 = P1 X eff.of motor.

Key Parameter for Key Parameter for determining efficiencydetermining efficiency

FlowFlow HeadHead PowerPower

Flow Measurement Flow Measurement TechniquesTechniques

Tracer MethodTracer Method Ultrasonic flow measurementUltrasonic flow measurement Tank filling methodTank filling method Installation of online flow meterInstallation of online flow meter

Determination of total Determination of total headhead

Suction head Suction head • measured from pump inlet pressure measured from pump inlet pressure

gauge readinggauge reading Discharge head Discharge head

• This is taken from the pump This is taken from the pump discharge side Pr. gaugedischarge side Pr. gauge

Pumps: (Monoblock Pumps used for Pumps: (Monoblock Pumps used for Drinking water)Drinking water)• Sl.No ITEMSl.No ITEM Pump1 Pump2 Pump1 Pump2

• 11 Make Make Beacon Beacon BeaconBeacon

• 2 Capa hp/kW 5 (3.7) 5 (3.7)2 Capa hp/kW 5 (3.7) 5 (3.7)• 3 Pipe sizes S/D 65/50 mm 65/50 mm3 Pipe sizes S/D 65/50 mm 65/50 mm• 4 Head 25 m 25 m4 Head 25 m 25 m

Typical name plate details Typical name plate details of pumpof pump

• 55 Discharge 8 L/s 8 Discharge 8 L/s 8 L/sL/s

• 66 AmpsAmps 8 8 8 8

• 77 Overall Efficiency 47% Overall Efficiency 47% 47 % 47 %

Typical name plate Typical name plate details of pumpdetails of pump

PUMP EFFICIENCY CALCULATION PUMP EFFICIENCY CALCULATION SHEETSHEET

SL.NO.SL.NO. ITEM Pump1ITEM Pump1 Pump2 UnitsPump2 Units 11 VoltageVoltage 406 407 volts 406 407 volts 22 CurrentCurrent 6.0 6.6 amps 6.0 6.6 amps

33 P.FP.F 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 44 Power input 3.5 3.48 KWPower input 3.5 3.48 KW

Typical performance Typical performance calculationscalculations

55 Dis. HeadDis. Head 22.2 22.2 22.2 m 22.2 m 66 Suc.HeadSuc.Head 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 mm 77 discharge 8discharge 8 8 8 L/s L/s 88 Hyd.Power 1.57Hyd.Power 1.57 1.57 KW 1.57 KW 99 Pump Effi. 44.85 Pump Effi. 44.85 45.10 45.10

Typical performanceTypical performancecalculationscalculations

1.1. Replace the existing discharge line Replace the existing discharge line with the 50 mm dia pipes to reduce the with the 50 mm dia pipes to reduce the friction losses.friction losses.

2.2. Provide water level switch to switch Provide water level switch to switch off the pump sets as soon as the Tank is off the pump sets as soon as the Tank is filled.filled.

3.3. Replace the existing pump sets Replace the existing pump sets with high efficiency pump sets.with high efficiency pump sets.

Typical observations/ Typical observations/ RecommendationsRecommendations

Size pump correctlySize pump correctly Operate close to the best Operate close to the best

efficiency point.efficiency point. Size all piping and valves correctlySize all piping and valves correctly Avoid all leakages.Avoid all leakages.

Factors to be considered Factors to be considered from user sidefrom user side

Flow control StrategiesFlow control Strategies

Varying speedVarying speed Pumps in parallelPumps in parallel stop/start controlstop/start control Flow control valveFlow control valve By pass control valveBy pass control valve Trimming impellerTrimming impeller Use of VFDSUse of VFDS

Energy conservation Energy conservation opportunities in pumpingopportunities in pumping

Operate pump near best efficiency Operate pump near best efficiency point.point.

Replace old pumps by energy efficient Replace old pumps by energy efficient pumpspumps

Reduce system resistance by pressure Reduce system resistance by pressure drop assessment and pipe size drop assessment and pipe size optimization.optimization.

Provide booster pump for few areas of Provide booster pump for few areas of higher head.higher head.

Energy conservation Energy conservation opportunities in pumpingopportunities in pumping

Conduct water balance to minimize water Conduct water balance to minimize water consumption. consumption.

Ensure availability of instruments like Ensure availability of instruments like pressure gauges, flow meters.pressure gauges, flow meters.

Repair seals and packing to minimize Repair seals and packing to minimize water loss.water loss.

Avoid valves in discharge side as far as Avoid valves in discharge side as far as possible.possible.

Operate pumpset during non-peak hours.Operate pumpset during non-peak hours.

Thank YouThank You