Numerical RelaysFeatures&Advantages

Why RELAY in Protection System?To quickly isolate a faulty section from both ends so that the rest of the System can function satisfactorily.

Requirements of Protection RelayingBasic functional requirements:ReliabilitySelectivitySensitivitySpeed

Additional requirements of modern protection needs Protection Control Measurement System Management Automation friendly

Does your existing relay satisfy 100%....?

New technology with INTELLIGENT DEVICES

NUMERICAL RELAYS

The New Solution in Protection System

Evolution of Numerical Relay

Continuous developments in power system made the operations complex in nature. This demands advanced protection features.

Although some of the requirements are met with early models i.e electromechanical, static and digital relays; this does not meet the present day needs.

Today Power System handle very high blocks of power coupled with multiple sources of generation integrated into the system & running in parallel with public distribution network.

Introduction of automation technologies in industries & the need for faster response time, actuation time, low burden & meeting the demands of new technology switch gear has necessitated deployment of more power system automation to improve reliability & efficiency.

The potential cost of outages following a feeder of power supply to a plant today has raise dramatically.

All these has led to power system engineers to look for new technologies in power system protection.

Evolution of Numerical RelayTodays protection philosophy warrants the need for self monitoring, integration of all protection features for one application in a single housing, Communication features, Comprehensive fault analyzing tools like disturbance records, event loggers and metering.

Protection with latest technology relays is todays solution to all customers requirements on Power system protection.

When the power system protection philosophy evolved, customers requirements were limited to only short circuit clearance,either time delayed or instantaneous.

This was done by simple fuse or bi-metallic contacts.Numerical Relay Evolution

When the power system becomes so complex in nature and theadvanced protection requirements arise, static and digital relayssatisfied some of the requirements.Numerical Relay Evolution Cont..

But today's protection philosophy warrants the need for self monitoring,Integration of all protection needs for one application in a single housing,communication features, comprehensive fault analyzing tools like disturbancerecords, event loggers and metering.

Numerical Relay Evolution Cont..

Numerical Relay These facilities are satisfied only by numerical technology.

It is a fact that the numerical relays investment cost is more than the Electromechanical one if we limit the application to protection. But when the functionality requirement is more in conventional technology users needsto invest more and more for individuals hardwares, for each additional features. But in Numerical technology relays, with all features built in, makes the graph inverse with effective cost to functionality.Cost Vs Functionality

Protective Relays technologies employed:Numerical (Today): Numerical technology implies sampling of the relay inputs then A/D conversions into number format. These numbers are then used by mathematical algorithms which generate the relay operating characteristics. Integration of multiple protection and control functional blocks. High level of flexibility. Each device implements complex sub module of complete scheme. Integrated measurement and recording facilities. Advanced communication facilities.

With Numerical relay the Protection. Control are covered Measurement under single roof.

Numerical RelayAdvantages & Impact on Scheme DesignIntegration of a suite of Protection & Control functions.Each product replaces several discrete relays.Requirement for flexibility as to how these functions are combined (previously controlled by external wiring)Allocation of functions to physical inputs/outputs.Interface into substation control system (SCADA) Hard wired link. Use of communications.Management of information. Integrated measurement & recording facilities.

Features of Numerical relaysWide range protectionBetter accuracyBetter sensitivityPre fault & Post fault analysisFault recorderEvent recorderFault & Event recorder in graph mode.Time Vs Magnitude analysisMeasurements of various parameter, ex: voltage (Both phase & line), true RMS current, frequency, power (active, reactive & apparent), power factor.Calendar with watch for 100 years.Online data retrieve (Fault & event).

Features of Numerical relaysOne box solution for increased functional requirements from utilities.Cost effective solution which includes advance technology.Communication facilities.In built automation requirements (SCADA).Self diagnosis with LED indication.User define self algorithm for protection, control & measurement.User define LED & Alarm configuration.Dual Control (By hand & By software)More than one setting groups for instance change of all settings.User friendly interface.Password protection to avoid unauthorized operation.Two level of password for better protection.

Modern Numerical protection - Additional features

Programmability & customization.Instrumentation.Fault analysis tools.Communications.Self Diagnostics & Commissioning tools.Bay monitoring & control.Comprehensive protection.

Customization: PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic)OptosProtectionElementsControlFixed Scheme logicGate LogicUser Programmable Scheme logic

Instrumentation:Instantaneous measurements.Phase & Line voltages.Sequence quantities.

RMS Measurements.Frequency.Thermal state.Single & Three phase power.Active, Reactive & Apparent power.Peak, average & rolling demand.RTD (Resistive Temperature Devices)Check Sync. Values (Angle & Slip frequency)Hardware Dynamic range CT/VT requirements.

Communication ToolsDifferent communication protocols supported by the relays are: Modbus Courier/K-bus. IEC 60870-5-103 DNP3.

Self Diagnostics & Commissioning tools. Self Diagnosis: * Power ON-Diagnosis. * Continuous self monitoring. * Conditions based on maintenance of plants. Commissioning tools available to customers: * Input States. * Output States. * Internal Logic states. * Measurements.

Bay monitoring & ControlUsing the Numerical relays along with other IEDs & communication devices an integrated system can be developed for supervisory control of electrical process of all bay equipments like transformer, bus section, feeder, line, capacitor like CB fail status etc.

MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY - OVER VIEW:Protections functions :Thermal overload.Short-circuit.Starting too long.Locked rotor.Unbalance, loss of phase.Earth fault.Loss of load.Temperature.Automation functions:Limitation of the no. of starts.Min. time between two starts.Thermal block on motor start up.Emergency start up.Authorization for re-acceleration.Latching of trip output relays.External reset.Programmable Scheme Logic.

MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY - OVER VIEW:Auxiliary functions:Supervision of circuit Breaker/Contactor.Control of circuit Breaker/Contactor.Two setting groups.Programmable LEDs.Monitoring : Measurements: True RMS measurement. Symmetrical current components. Frequency. Peak current measurement. State of the motor/Process: Thermal start, Motor loading. Temp. measurements. Time before thermal trip. Records: Event recording. Fault Records. Disturbance records. Form of staring current. User Interfaces:Front Panel: RS232Rear Panel : Rs.483

Areva Make Protection PortfolioP100 Feeder Management Relays.P200 Motor Protection Relays.P300 Generator Protection Relays.P400 Distance Protection Relays.P500 Line Differential Relays.P600 Transformer Protection Relays.P700 Bus bar Protection Relays.P800 Auto Reclose Relays.P900 Frequency Protection Relays.

PNC make Numerical relay:

About PNCPNC is one among three of Kwang Myung Group of Companies in KOREA.

PNC founded in 1999 March, sooner it emerged as a Substation & Distribution Automation Specialist Power Protection System.

PNC is the major supplier of Automation Products along with he SCADA firmware to KEPCO (Korean Electric Power Corporation Company)

INE-V is the extended partner for PNC in India

With their presence in various business domains, wide range of products, and their policy of continuous up gradation offering cost effective solutions, we expect PNC will serve effectively the Indian power utilities & industries for long time to come.

Over View PNC Relays:

PNC is specialist in Automation activities.

PNC is specialist in Automation activities.

RETROFIT

Design of Modern Protective Relaying Equipment:Outline: What Technologies has been employed. What are the key elements of Numerical Protective Relays. Design Considerations. Impact on the Design of Protection and Control Relays.

Protective Relays technologies employed:Electromechanical Relay(1950):These relays typically use attracted armature or induction disc type elements to implement the protection functions. The emphasis is on electromagnetic force causing the mechanical operation of the relay. Single function devices. Configured by selection and manual settings. Outputs via contacts need for Auxiliary relays.Local Indications via flag.

Protective Relays technologies employed:Static(1970):Static implies that the relay does not have the moving parts to create its characteristics, however the trip output contacts would generally be of attracted armature type. Static relays use discrete electronic components (generally analog devices) for creation of the operating characteristics. More compact, higher level of integration. lower maintenance. Configuration via switches. Indication via LED.

Protective Relays technologies employed:Digital(1980):Digital relays use microprocessors/microcontrollers to implement protection elements rather than relaying on discrete analog components. Protection functions are not generally implemented by mathematical algorithms, the only numerical states with the relay are high/low logic (logic one or logic zero). Internal logic is more flexible usin DIP switches. Devices are smaller and less expensive. Use of keypad/LED interfaces on one digital units. Application of scheme not significantly.