Presentation On Generations Of Computer
-
Upload
avinash-ranjan -
Category
Technology
-
view
365 -
download
8
Transcript of Presentation On Generations Of Computer
Generation of ComputerComputer develops after the first
electronic Computer ENIAC- [
Electronic Numerical Interigrater and
Calculator ] are classified into five
generation is baised on the Technology
used in architectural development of
computers. It also includes
Computational Technic. Input and
output devices and programming
languages used.
First Generation:
1943-1956
World’s first electronic digital computer.
Used to produce WWII ballistic firing tables for the U.S. Defense Department.
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculator (ENIAC)
Features of First Generation
Computers First Generation Computer
were too bulky in size and requiring large rooms for installation.
In first Generation computer used thousands of Vacuum tubes that emitted large amount of heat and burnt out Frequently.
Each Vacuum Tube Consumed about half watt of power.
1956 IBM 350 RAMAC
Second generation [1959-64]
Used transistors, developed by Bell Labs.
Up to 32K of memory.
Programming in computer languages, such as FORTRAN and COBOL.
Features of Second Generation
ComputersSecond Generation Computer were Smaller than First Generation Computers and required Smaller Space. They Consumed less Power and dissipated less heat then the First Generation Computers. The Area in Which the Second Generation Computers were located Still required to be Properly air Conditioned.They were more reliable and less Power to hardware failures then the first Generation Computers.
As Vacuum tubes used filaments, they had limited life Because a c0mputer used thousands of vacuum tubes. These Computers were prone to frequent hardware failures. Due to low mean time between failures , these Computers required Constant maintenance. Since first generation computers were difficult to program and use, they limited commercial use.
Third Generation:
1965-1971
Used integrated circuits.
Up to 3 million bytes of memory.
Lower cost, smaller size, and increasing processor speed.
Features of Third Generation
ComputersThird Generation
Computer were more
powerful than second
generation computers. They
were Capable of Performing
about one million
instructions per second.
They were more reliable
and less prone to hardware
failures than second
generation Computers
requiring lower maintenance
cost.
Time sharing Operating System allowed interactive usage and simultaneous use of these systems by multiple users.Standardization of high level Programming languages allowed programs written for one Computer to be easily ported to and executed on another Computer.Time Sharing Operating System also made online Systems feasible resulting in usage of these Systems for new on line applications.Minicomputers of third Generation made Computers affordable
Personal computers or PCs.
Usually cost about $2,000 or less.
Process over 1 billion operations per second.
“Stand-alone” or connected to other computers as a network system.
Fourth Generation:
1972-Now
Microcomputers
TEA
Features of Fourth Generation
Computers
PCs were smaller and Cheaper than mainframes or minicomputers of third Generation. They Consumed less Power than Third Generation Computers. They were More Reliable and less prone to hardware failures than Third Generation Computers requiring negligible maintenance Cost. They had Faster and larger primary and Secondary Storage as Compared to Third Generation Computer. They were General Purpose Machines.
Use of Standard High level Programming language allowed Programs written for one Computer to be easily ported to and executed on another Computer.Graphical User Interface (GUI) enabled new Users to Quickly learn how to Use Computers.PC based applications made PCs a Powerful tool for both Office and Home Usage.In addition to unbundled Software, these Systems also used add-on hardware feature that allowed users to invest only in the hardware Configuration and software of their need and value. PCs of fourth Generation made Computers affordable even by individuals for their personal use at home.
Fifth Generation [1990 to Present]
The Development of Super
Computers was the key
motivation of 5th Generation
Computer. Super Computer
were develop with ULSI(Ultra
Large Scale Integration). These
are Knowledge Processing
System. Concept Like Artificial
Intelligence and Distributed
Processing were incorporated
.fifth Generation Desktop PCs
and Workstations are several
times more Powerful than PCs of
Features of Fifth Generation
ComputersPortable PCs (Called notebook
Computers) are much Smaller and handy than PCs of fourth Generation allowing Users to Use Computing Facility even while travelling.
fifth Generation Desktop PCs
and Workstations are Several times more Powerful than PCs of Fourth Generation.
They are more Reliable and less
prone to hardware failures then 4th
generation computers.
Fifth Generation Computer is
more User Friendly interfaces with
multimedia features make the
systems easier to learn and use by
anyone ,including Children.
Newer and more powerful
applications including multimedia
features make the Systems more
useful in every occupation.
Explosion in the size of the
Internet Coupled with Internet based
tools and applications have made
these systems influence the life of
even Common People.
These System also use the
Concept of Unbundled software and
add on hardware allowing the users
Evolution of Dr. U’s Computer1990 2004 Factor
Speed 16 MHz 2 GHz 125x
Storage 20 MB 120 GB 6000x
Memory 1 MB 1 GB MB 1000x
Cost $2250 $750 .33x
Computers Progress UNIVAC
(1951-1970) (1968 vers.)
Mits
Altair
(1975)
IBM PC
(1981)
Macintosh
(1984)
Pentium
IV
Circuits
Integrated
Circuits
2 Intel
8080
Microchip
Intel 8088
Microchip - 29,000
Transistors
Motorola
68000
Intel P-IV
Microchip - 7.5 million
transistors RAM
Memory
512 K 265 Bytes 256 KB 256 MB
Speed 1.3 MHz 2 KHz 4.77 MHz 3200 MHz
= 3.2 GHz
Storage 100 MB
Hard Drive
8” Floppy
Drive
Floppy
Drive
Floppy
Drives
Hard
Drive,
Floppy,
CD-Rom
Size Whole
Room
Briefcase (no monitor)
Briefcase
+ Monitor
Two
shoeboxes (integrated
monitor)
Small
Tower
Cost $1.6 million $750 $1595 ~$4000 $1000 -
$2000