A Seminar onOLAP(Online Analytical Processing)

Compiled by:

Manoj Verma[Assistant Professor & GL-ICT]APIIT SD INDIA PANIPAT

ContentsEvolution of Business Intelligence.Data Storage is Changing.Characteristics of Organizational Data.Current Challenges for Databases.Database Design Methodology.Why Multidimensional Database?What OLAP enables?Typical OLAP Architecture.OLAP Storage Strategies.OLAP Operations.Application Basis of OLAP.OLAP Data Sources.Applications of OLAP.

The Evolution of Business Intelligence

Data Storage is Changing!ERPCampaign ManagementSupply ChainCustomer Relationship Mgmt.E-commerceTarget MarketingKnowledge ManagementCall CenterERPApplication requirements--not just data requirements--are now driving need.

Characteristics of Organizational Data Subject-orientedIntegratedTime-variantNonvolatileTo support decision making

Current Challenges for DatabasesMake organizational data accessibleTo facilitate data consistencyAdaptable and yet resilient to changeSecure and reliableDesign with a focus on supportive decision making and Fact gathering Generate an environment in which data can be sliced and diced in multiple waysTools to query, analyze and present informationThe place where operational data can be published (cleaned up, assembled etc.)*All this can be achieved by implementing Data Warehouse and OLAP.

Database Design MethodologyMost of Data warehouses use a star schema to represent the multi-dimensional model.Each dimension is represented by a dimension-table that describes it.A fact-table connects to all dimension-tables with a multiple join. Each tuple in the fact-table consists of a pointer to each of the dimension-tables.The links between the fact-table in the centre and the dimension-tables form a shape like a star. (Star Schema)

Why Multidimensional Modeling?Decision support applications are dominated by queries involved aggregations and group-bys.Data need to be represented in the form of Cubic Dimensions (Time, Product, City,.)Facts gathered need to be processed to show consolidations.What is OLAP?OLAP is an acronym for On Line Analytical Processing. OLAP performs multidimensional analysis of business data and provides the capability for complex calculations, trend analysis, and sophisticated data modeling.

What OLAP enables?Intelligent solutions to business performance.PlanningBudgetingMaterial ForecastingFinancial ReportingData Analysis (ad-hoc and consolidated)Simulation ModelingKnowledge DiscoveryData warehouse Reporting

Typical OLAP Architecture

Basics of OLAP The FASMI ruleFast response delivery.Analysis of business logic and statistical business terms.Shared data access with Security control & Locking mechanisms.Multidimensional overview of conceptual data.Information relevant to the application.

The techniques used to achieve it include many flavors of client/server architecture, time series analysis, object-orientation, optimizedproprietary data storage, multithreading and various patented ideas.

OLAP Storage StrategiesMultidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)Relational OLAP (ROLAP)Hybrid OLAP (HOLAP)Desktop OLAP (DOLAP)

MOLAP ?It processes over data already stored/indexed in multi- dimensional arrays called Cubes. Faster in data retrieval and optimal for slicing and dicing operations.Can perform complex calculations quickly. Limited amount of data can be handled.Requires additional investments.

ROLAP ?Performs multi-dimensional analysis of relational data.N-Tier architecture can be implemented and query can be generated on-the-fly.It can handle large amount of data as compared to MOLAP.RDBMS functionalities can be leveraged.Performance can be slow.Limited by SQL functionalities.

HOLAP & DOLAP ?HOLAP - Combines the features of MOLAP & ROLAP.Can store data in both relational & multidimensional databases.Concept of Materializing data improves performance.

DOLAP Client-based OLAP products, easy to deploy and low cost per seat, limited functionality and capacity

OLAP Operations ?Slicing & Dicing.Pivoting (Rotating).Drilling Down.Roll-Up

Slicing & Dicing Data.Selecting in One dimension (Slicing).E.g. Selectwhere city = Nagpur

Selecting in more then One dimension (Dicing).E.g. Selectwhere month = Jan and prod_id = P001

Pivoting (Rotating) Data.Rotate data along any axes.

Drilling down and Roll-upDrilling down.Aggregating data by going up in hierarchy.Reducing dimensions.

Roll-UpReverse of Drill-down.

Application basis of OLAPData Warehousing. Data Mining.Web Mining.Decision Support System.

OLAP Data SourcesEssbase CubeIBM DB2 OLAP ServerInfo OLAP CubeHolos HDC CubeOLEDB for OLAP SourcesInformix Metacube

Applications of OLAPMarketing and Sales AnalysisClickstream AnalysisDatabase MarketingBudgetingFinancial Reporting & ConsolidationsManagement ReportingEIS (Executive Information System)Balanced ScorecardProfitability AnalysisQuality Analysis

ConclusionWe define OLAP as Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information FASMI. There are many applications where this approach is relevant. In an increasing number of cases, specialist OLAP applications have been pre-built and you can buy a solution that only needs limited customizing; in others, a general-purpose OLAP tool can be used. A general-purpose tool will usually be versatile enough to be used for many applications, but there may be much more application development required for each. The overall software costs should be lower, and skills are transferable, but implementation costs may rise and end-users may get less ad hoc flexibility if a more technical product is used. In general, it is probably better to have a general-purpose product which can be used for multiple applications, but some applications, such as financial reporting, are sufficiently complex that it may be better to use a pre-built application, and there are several available.

References[Text References][T1]Alex Berson, Stephen J. Smith, Data warehousing, data mining, & OLAP, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005. [T2]META Group Application Development Strategies: "Data Mining for Data Warehouses: Uncovering Hidden Patterns.", 1995.[T3]Jill K. Howe , Scott M. Spanbauer, Prima Guide to Seagete Crystal Reports, BPB Publication, Ist ed. 2000.

[Electronic References][E1] www.olap.com/final.htm[E2] www.olapreport.com.fasmi.htm[E3] http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news2/issue2.htm[E4] http://support.microsoft.com/kb/822220.htm[E5] www.olapreport.com/applications.htm[E6] http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/sDefinition/sid11_gci21356700.html[E7] http://technet.microsoft.com/hi-in/library/ms176117.aspx[E8] http://www.informationbuilders.com/products/webfocus/index.html

Thanks.

Queries ?

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