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Presentation of Drilling Machine by Anil Dahiya Sir
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Transcript of Presentation of Drilling Machine by Anil Dahiya Sir
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Anil Dahiya
Manufacturing MachinesETME-206
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Assignment No .1Manufacturing Machines (4M123)Last date of submission: 22.3.2012
Q.1. (i) What is the difference between machine and machine tool? (ii) Write difference between shaper, planer & slotter. (iii)What is the difference between single purpose and special
purpose machines? (iv) What is difference between generating and forming? (v) What are major differences between CNC lathe and
conventional lathe? Q.2. (a) Explain the different cutting tool materials? Write
applications of each. (b) With neat sketch explain single point cutting tool geometry.
Q.3. (a )What do you mean by taper turning? Explain the different taper turning methods used on lathe?
(b) Explain the major work holding devices used on lathe. Q.4. (a) What is apron mechanism? Explain with neat sketch. (b) Explain the working of split or half nut.
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Drilling Drilling machines are generally or mainly used to
originate through or blind straight cylindrical holes in solid rigid bodies and/or enlarge (coaxially) existing (premachined) holes.
Holes of different diameter ranging from about 1 mm to 40 mm
Holes of varying length depending upon the requirement and the diameter of the drill
In different materials excepting very hard or very soft materials like rubber, polythene etc.
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DRILLING M/C TOOL
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Machining Video
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Machining Video
v operations.flv
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Classification of drilling machines
1. General purpose drilling machines of common use
Table top small sensitive drilling machine
These small capacity (≤ 0.5 kW) upright (vertical) single spindle drilling machines are mounted (bolted) on rigid table and manually operated using usually small size (φ≤ 10 mm) drills.
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Table top small sensitive drilling machine
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Sensitive Drill Press Parts
Hand feed leverControls down feed
pressureFeel the pressure
Manufactured in bench and floor model
Four main partsBase, column, table
and drilling head
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Sensitive Drill Press Parts
BaseProvides stability for machineCast iron with holes to be bolted to table or benchSlots or ribs in base allow work-holding device or
work piece to be fastened
ColumnAccurate cylindrical post that fits in baseTable may be adjusted any point (base to head)Drill press head mounted near top
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Sensitive Drill Press Parts
TableRound or rectangle shapedUsed to support work piece to be machinedSurface 90º to column (move around)
Drilling HeadMechanism used to revolve cutting toolSpindle: round shaft holds cutting toolQuill: houses spindle
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Sensitive Drill
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Pillar drilling machine
These drilling machines, usually called pillar drills, are quite similar to the table top drilling machines but of little larger size and higher capacity (0.55 ~ 1.1 kW) and are grouted on the floor (foundation).
Here also, the drill-feed and the work table movement are done manually.
These low cost drilling machines have tall tubular columns and are generally used for small jobs and light drilling. 04/07/23 19:48Anil Dahiya
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Pillar drilling machine
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Column drilling machine
These box shaped column type drilling machines are much more strong, rigid and powerful than the pillar drills.
In column drills the feed gear box enables automatic and power feed of the rotating drill at different feed rates as desired.
Blanks of various size and shape are rigidly clamped on the bed or table or in the vice fitted on that.
Such drilling machines are most widely used and over wide range ( light to heavy) work.
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Column drilling machine
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Radial drilling machine This usually large drilling machine possesses
a radial arm which along with the drilling head can swing and move vertically up and down.
The radial, vertical and swing movement of the drilling head enables locating the drill spindle at any point within a very large space required by large and odd shaped jobs.
There are some more versatile radial drilling machines where the drill spindle can be additionally swivelled and / or tilted. 04/07/23 19:48Anil Dahiya
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Radial drilling machine
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Anil Kumar Dahiya20
Radial Drill
Sometimes called radial-arm drill
Advantages of this machineLarger and heavier work may be machinedDrilling head raised or loweredDrilling head moves rapidly to any desired location
while work piece remains clampedMore powerHead may swivel so holes can be drilled on angle
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill PartsBase
Heavy, box-type, ribbed cast iron or welded steelUsed to bolt machine to floor and provide coolant
reservoirTable may be bolted to base for small work
ColumnUpright cylindrical member fitter to baseSupports radial arm at right angles
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill PartsRadial arm
Attached to columnMay be raised and lowered by means of power-driven
elevating screwSupports drive motor and drilling head
Drilling headMounted on arm and moved along length of arm by
traverse hand wheelDrill spindle may be raised or lowered
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill
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Anil Kumar Dahiya
Radial Drill
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Hand drills Unlike the grouted stationary drilling machines,
the hand drill is a portable drilling device which is mostly held in hand and used at the locations where holes have to be drilled.
The small and reasonably light hand drills are run by a high speed electric motor. In fire hazardous areas the drill is often rotated by compressed air.
2. General purpose drilling machines with more specific use.
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Hand drills
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Gang drilling machine In this almost single purpose and more
productive machine a number (2 to 6) of spindles with drills (of same or different size) in a row are made to produce number of holes progressively or simultaneously through the jig.
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Turret drilling machines are structurally rigid column type but are more productive like gang drill by having a pentagon or hexagon turret.
The turret bearing a number of drills and similar tools is indexed and moved up and down to perform quickly the desired series of operations progressively.
These drilling machines are available with varying degree of automation both fixed and flexible type.
Turret (type) drilling machine
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Turret (type) drilling machine
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In these high production machine tools a large number of drills work simultaneously on a blank through a jig specially made for the particular job.
The entire drilling head works repeatedly using the same jig for batch or lot production of a particular job.
The rotation of the drills are derived from the main spindle and the central gear through a number of planetary gears in mesh with the central gear and the corresponding flexible shafts.
Multi-spindle drilling machine
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Multi-spindle drilling machineThe positions of those parallel shafts holding
the drills are adjusted depending upon the locations of the holes to be made on the job.
Each shaft possesses a telescopic part and two universal joints at its ends to allow its change in length and orientation respectively for adjustment of location of the drills of varying size and length.
In some heavy duty multispindle drilling machines, the work-table is raised to give feed motion instead of moving the heavy drilling head.
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Multi-spindle drilling machine
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Micro (or mini) drilling machine
This type of tiny drilling machine of height within around 200 mm is placed or clamped on a table, and operated manually for drilling small holes of around 1 to 3 mm diameter in small work pieces.
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Deep hole drilling machineVery deep holes of L/D ratio 6 to even 30, required for
rifle barrels, long spindles, oil holes in shafts, bearings, connecting rods etc, are very difficult to make for slenderness of the drills and difficulties in cutting fluid application and chip removal. It needs machines like deep hole drilling machine such as gun drilling machines with horizontal axis which are provided with
high spindle speed high rigidity tool guide pressurised cutting oil for effective cooling, chip
removal and lubrication at the drill tip. Deep hole drilling machines are available with both
hard automation and CNC system.
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PARTS OF DRILLING M/C TOOL
Column with base: it is the basic structure to hold the other parts
Drilling head: this box type structure accommodates the power drive and the speed and feed gear boxes.
Spindle: holds the drill and transmits rotation and axial translation to the tool for providing cutting motion and feed motion – both to the drill.
Drilling machines are available in varying size and configuration such as pillar drill, column drill, radial drill, micro-drill etc. but in working principle all are more or less the same. 04/07/23 19:48Anil Dahiya
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Twist Drill
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Classification of drill
According to type of shank they carryParallel shankTapper shank
According to type of flutes flat drill twist drill
According to length short series: 0.2mm-16mm stub series: 0.5mm-40mm long series: 1.5mm-26mm
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According to application:Core drill: carry 3 parallel flutes ,used for
enlarging drilled holesDrill for long hole drilling: heavy duty drill
and larger helix angleCentre drill: Masonry drill :4mm-20mm, cutting
anle:115used for drilling centre holesAccording to the tool material:
High speed steel drillCarbide tipped drill
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Parts of Twist drill
1: point: The point is the cone shaped end and it does the cutting. It consists of the following:
(A) dead centre: It is the sharp edge at the extreme tip of the drill. This should always be the exact centre of the drill.
(B) Lips: these are the cutting edges of the drill.(C) Heel : It is the portion of the point back from
the cutting edge.2: Shank :It is the portion of the drill by which it is clamped
in the spindle. The shank may be either straight or tapered. Straight shank drills are used with a chuck. Tapered shank drills have self-holding tapes that fit directly into the drill press spindle. On the taper shank is the another term is used which is called tang. This fits into a slot in the spindles sleeve.
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3: Body :It is the portion between the point and the shank. The
body consists of the following parts:(A) Flutes : Two or more spiral grooves that run the length of the
drill body are called flutes. The flutes do four thing.· Help from the cutting edge of the drill point.· Curl the chip tightly for easier removal.· From channels through which chips can escape
from the hole being drilled.· Allow the coolant and lubricant to get down to
the cutting edge.(B) Margin It is the narrow strip extending back the entire length
of the flute. It is the full diameter of the drill.(C) Body Clearance:It is the part of the drill body that has been reduced in
order to cut down friction between the drill and the wall of the hole
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Angles of a drill:
Rake or helix angle: angle between a plane containing the drill axis and leading edge of the land. It can have +ve, -ve or zero right hand flute have +ve, left hand flute have –ve, parallel have zero. Angle varies 0-48 (16-32 is generally used). Higher angle for softer materials and lower for harder .
Point angle (cutting angle) : angle between two opposite lips of the drill ( 80-140) ,118 for large variety of materials, smaller angle for brittle materials, larger for harder materials
Lip clearance angle: angle between flank and plane normal to drill axis (8-15) ,12 is most common
Chisel edge angle: angle formed between the cutting lip and chisel edge (120-135) greater this angle larger will be clearance.
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Drill MaterialsThe two most common types are
1. HSS drill- Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills - high production and in CNC machines
Other types areSolid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide
coated masonry drills, parabolic drills, split point drill
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Drilling And Drills
Types of drills– Twist drill: most
common drill– Step drill:
produces holes of two or more different diameters
– Core drill: used to make an existing hole bigger
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Different type of drill tools
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Drill fixed to the spindle
Drilling operationsDrilling operations
Drilling Centre Hole
Drilling Deep Holes
Drilling Thin Material
Drilling Pilot Hole
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Drilling operations… Operations that can be performed in a drilling
machine are
Drilling Reaming Boring Counter boring Countersinking Tapping
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Operations in drilling machine
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Counter Boring & Counter sinking
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Standard OperationsReaming
Operation of sizing and producingsmooth, round hole from previouslydrilled or bored hole
• Boring• Truing and enlarging hole by
means of single-point cutting tool
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Standard OperationsSpot-Facing
Smoothing and squaring surface around hole to provide seat for head of cap screw or nut
Boring bar fitted with double-edged cuttingtoo
.
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Standard OperationsTapping
Cutting internal threads in holewith cutting tool called tap
• Counterboring– Enlarging top of previously
drilled hole to given depthto provide square shoulder for head of bolt or capscrew
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Operations in drilling machine
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Types of cutters
Combined Countersinks and central drill :-Special drilling tool to start the hole accurately.At the end it makes countersinks in the work piece.
Gun drill :-
Machining of lengthy holes with less feed rates.
To overcome the heating and short life of the normal drill tool
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Types of cuttersTapping:-
For cutting internal thread
Multi cutting edge tool.
Tapping is performed either by hand or by machine.
Minor dia of the thread is drilled and then tapping is done.
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Different Type of Reamers
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Mounting of job and tool in a drilling M/C
In general purpose drilling machines like column and radial arm
type, the work-piece or blank is generally mounted:
By directly clamping on the drilling machine bed particularly when the job is heavy and /or of odd shape and size.
In a vice which is clamped on the bed.
In a suitable jig clamped on the bed.
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Mounting of tool & Work Piece
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Step BlocksClampsV-BlocksAnglesJigsT- Slots Bolt
Work Holding Devices
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Vices to hold Work pieces in Drilling
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Mounting of Job in a jig which is clamped on the drill-bed
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Drill socket for mounting drill chuck and taper shank drills in spindle
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Drill
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Drilling
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Use of drilling m/c
Mainly for drilling (originating or enlarging cylindrical holes)
Occasionally for boring, counter boring, counter sinking etc.
Also for cutting internal threads in parts like nuts using suitable attachment.
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DRILLING MACHINE Specifications
• Maximum drill size (diameter) that can be used
• Size and taper of the hole in the spindle
• Range of spindle speeds
• Range of feeds
• Power of the main drive
• Range of the axial travel of the spindle / bed
• Floor space occupied by the machine 04/07/23 19:48Anil Dahiya