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Transcript of Presentation m.r
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MembersYunus . HukkeriShridhar . NaikTabrezahmed . JamadarZaheerrudin.SManoj. Joshi
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NONREPONSE ERROR
Error caused by a difference between those who responded
To a survey and those dont is termed as non response error .
Non response can involve an entire Questionnaire (refusal to
answer any question) or particular or question in
questionnaire (refusal to answer a subset of questions).
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Response ratey Response rate is defined as the number of completed
interviews with responding units divided by the number of
eligible responding units in the sample.
y In general the lower the response rate to a survey ,the higher
the probability of nonresponse error. however, a low
response error. Nonresponse error is a problem only when a
difference between the responds and the nonrespondents
leads the researcher to an incorrect conclusion or decision.
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Reducing nonresponseAttempts to increase the response rate to focus on
increasing the potential respondents motivation to
reply. Two complementary approaches are frequentlyused.
y The first is to increase the motivation as much as
possible in the initial contacts with respondents.y The second approach is to remind the respondents
through repeated mailing or other contacts.
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Strategies for dealing with
nonresponse
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Subjective Estimatesy When it is no longer practical to increase the response
rate ,the researcher can estimate subjectively thenature and effect of the non respondents. That is, the
research , based on experience and the nature of the
survey , makes a subject evaluation effect of thenonresponse
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Imputation Estimatesy Imputation estimates involves imputing attributes to
the nonrespondents based on the characteristics of therespondents .
These techniques can be used for missing
respondents or for item nonresponse
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Trend Analysisy Trend analysis is similar to the imputation technique,
except that the attributes of the nonrespondents are
assumed to be similar to be projection of the trends
show between early and late respondents .
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Measurements using Subsamplesy Subsamples of nonrespondents particularly when a mail survey
was the original methodology, has been found effective in
reducing nonresponse error. Concentrated attention on a
subsample of nonrespondents ,generally using telephone or
personal interviews, can often yield a high response rate within
that subsamples can be projected to the entire group of
nonrespondents and the overall surveys results adjusted to take
into accounts the nonrespondents. The primary drawbacks to
this technique is the cost involved.
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Issues in multinational surveysy The issues in multinational surveys mirror those in
domestic surveys- which survey method is best and how do
we minimize potential nonresponse error.
y The issue is complicated because
1. The best methods in one country may be inappropriate in
another
2. Different survey methods may produce differing results ,
making cross-country comparisons difficult
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Telephoney The ability to conduct telephone surveys in a given
country depends on the sample having telephones and
on their willingness to be interviewed on the phone
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Maily Mail survey required a high literacy rate among the
sample , a well-developed postal system, and a list of
address . Mail surveys are widely used in theE
Ccountries , the U.S.,Canada and Japan . They offen arenot good method in other countries even if the literaryrate is high
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Computercomputer interview required a sample that is at least
familiar with computer type terminals . Thus, they are
restricted to advanced economics and select segmentsof other countries. Multinational computer interviewsare complicated by a variety of factors
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Multiple surveys techniques in
multinationals surveys
y As the above discussion indicates, it is sometimesdesirable to use difficult survey methods in amultinational survey. When this is the case, it is case, itis desirable to test for method difference if the results
are to be used for cross-country comparisons
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Queries
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