MECHANIZATION OF HORTCULTURE

Suresh MandharEmeritus Scientist

Ph 09480637505, 09886385295E mail suresh.mandhar@gmail.com

Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchHessargahtta, Bangalore - 560089

VEGETABLES - 94 lakh ha FRUITS - 72 lakh ha PLANTATION CROPS - 37 lakh ha SPICES - 32 lakh haM & A PLANTS - 5 lakh ha

LARGE AREA UNDER HORTICULTURE

LARGE NO. OF TRACTORS –60 LAKHS

LARGEST PRODUCER - 6.0 LAKHS/YEAR( 20% of World Production)

WHY MECHANIZATION ?

Captain TAFE Mini Tractor

Tractors available in India are only used forPloughing, Seed sowing, Trailer operation/TransportThe average use of tractor - 300 -400 hr/year ( Uneconomical ) - 1 hr /dayThe cultivation practices followed does not allow the interculture operations by tractorFruit trees are too high for mechanized and efficient operationsSuitable implements for Transplanting, Weeding, Spraying and Harvesting are not available

MAJOR FRUIT CROPS Crop Area

(lakh ha)Production (lakh tonnes)

Productivity(MT/ha))

Mango 25.2 184.3 7.3

Citrus 10.8 111.5 10.3

Banana 8.0 297.3 37.0

Apple 3.2 25.9 8.1

Guava 2.7 36.7 13.7

Sapota 1.8 17.4 9.9

Pomegranate 1.3 13.5 10.3

Pineapple 3.1 25.0 8.0

Papaya 1.3 56.4 42.3

Grape 1.1 17.4 15.8

Litchi 0.8 5.9 7.0

Crop Area(lakh ha)

Production(lakh tonne)

Productivity(MT/ha)

Potato 19.7 415.6 21.1

Onion 8.8 187.4 21.2

Brinjal 7.1 135.6 19.1

Tomato 12.0 194.0 16.1

Okra 5.3 63.5 11.9

Peas 4.3 38.7 8.9

Cabbage 4.0 90.4 22.6

Cauliflower 4.3 85.7 19.8

Tapioca 2.3 81.4 35.7

Sweet Potato 1.1 10.9 10.3

MAJOR VEGETABLE CROPS

Major Spice crops

Turmeric 2.33 11.90 5.1

Ginger 1.33 6.55 4.9

Cumin 8.59 5.14 0.6

Coriander 4.47 3.14 0.7

Crop Area ( Lakh Hec) lakh tonnes t/ha

Chillies 7.75 14.92 1.9

Garlic 2.31 1.25 2 5.4

MAJOR PLANTATION CROPS

Crop Area (lakh ha)

Production (lakh tonne)

Productivity(MT/ha)

Coconut 21.4 149.1 5.7

Arecanut 4.5 6.2 1.4

Cashew 10.1 7.5 0.7

Oil Palm 0.80 9.76 12.20

HIGH CLEARANCE TRACTOR FOR OPERATIONS IN VEGETABLE CROPS

HIGH CLEARANCE TRACTOR FOR INTERCULTURE IN VEGETABLE CROPS

RAISED BED OR RIDGE CULTIVATION FOR MECHANIZATION

ARTICULATED TRACTOR FOR FRUIT ORCHARDS

1.Less Height2.Less Turning Radius3.Works in both

directions ( Forward and Rear)

MACHINERY FOR SEED BED PREPARATION

Use Reversible Mould Board or Disc Plough0.25 to 0.40 ha/hr

Mould Board Plough

Disc Plough

Reversible M B Plough

Reversible Disc Plough

Trailed Disc Harrow

Cultivator Rotavator

0.60 to 0.90 ha/hr 0.20 to 0.30 ha/hr

Disc Harrow with Transport Wheels

DISC HARROW CUM

CLOD CRUSHER

SUB-SOILER CUM DISC HARROW CUM ROLLER

MULTI OPERATION IMPLEMENTS FOR TRACTORS ABOVE 60-HP

Laser Leveler – to Save Irrigation Water

SEED BED PREPARATION MACHINERY

FRUIT AND PLANTATION CROPS

Tractor operated pit hole digger (50-60 cm. dia)

EXCAVATOR( BACK HOE)

SEED BED PREPARATION MACHINERY

FRUIT AND PLANTATION CROPS

Motorized Auger

ENGINE OPERATED

ENGINE & HYDRAULIC OPERATED

TRACTOR OPERATED DITCHER / TRENCHER FOR PLANTING GRAPES &

HIGH DENSITY ORCHARDSDondi Spa, Italy

Trencher for planting pineapple

TRENCHER

SEED BED PREPARATION MACHINERYVEGETABLE AND SEED SPICES CROPS

Ridger

Bed Former

Chisel Plough / Sub Soiler – for Breaking Hard Pan & Deeper Penetration of

Roots

APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER

Manure spreader-tipping type trailer with beater drum – 0.5ha/hr

Oscillating spout fertilizer broadcaster - 2 ha/hr

FERTILIZER AND FYM SPREADERS

Double disc spin fertilizer broadcaster for row crops

SUBSOILER CUM FERTILIZER

APPLICATOR AT DEPTH

NURSERY MACHINERY

VEGETABLE NURSERY MANUAL OPERATIONS

PROTRAY & NURSERY IN PROTRAY

VARIOUS STAGES OF VEGETABLE NURSERY UNDER NETHOUSE

SEEDED PROTRAYS SEED GERMINATION IRRIGATION

NURSERY RAIN PROTECTION

TRANSPORT OF VEGETABLE NURSERY

Media siever – 1 t/hr Power screener

Soil shredder Screening bucket

Media mixer – 1 t/hr

PREPATION OF ROOTING MEDIA

VEGETABLE NURSERY MACHINERY

Media sterilizer / Boiler

Media filling, dibbling & sowing machine – 400 trays/hr

Dibbling & sowing machine-120 trays/hr

STEP SEEDER

120 PROTRAY/HR

VISSER

Urbinati and Blackmore step seeders have become popular

1700 rows/hr

2400 rows/hr

6500 rows/hr

Automatic protray de-stacking, filling, dibbling, sowing machine

200-1000 protrays/hr

FRUIT, ORNAMENTAL & FORESTRY NURSERY IN PLASTIC BAGS AND ROOT TRAINERS

MECHANIZATION OF FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL NURSERIES

USE ROOT TRAINERS

Pouch formingand filling

Pot filling Transplanter

FRUIT / ORNAMENTAL NURSERY MACHINERY

Bag filling – 1000bags/hr

VEGETABLE NURSERY MACHINERY

Protray sterilization, destacking & stacking machines

GRAFTING

Grafting Machine (600 plants/hr)

Grafting robots (800-2000 plants/hr)

VEGETABLE GRAFTING

GRAFTING OF FRUIT CROPS

Bench Grafter , Hand Operated

Graft Crafter Units

BENCH GRAFTING MACHINE FOOT OPERATED

Grafting Machines at Commercial Nursery

BENCH GRAFTING MACHINE

CROP PLANTING

RAISED BED OR RIDGE CULTIVATION FOR MECHANIZATION

IRRIGATION EARTHING / WEEDING

WEEDING SPRAYING

DRIP LINE LAYING & REMOVING

DRIP LINE INJECTOR

DRIP LINE LAYING

TRENCHER

PLANTING ON RAISED BED OR RIDGES IS REQUIRED FOR END TO END MECHANIZATION

Ridger - 0.3ha/hr

Bed former - 0.3ha/hr

VEGETABLE & SEED SPICES CROP PLANTING

BED FORMING WEEDING ON RAISED BEDS

VEGETABLE SEED PLANTING

Seed – cum-fertilzer drill –cum- seed planters 0.8-1.0 ha/hr

Raised Bed Seed Planter for Okra, Beans & Peas Seed Planter

Manual Drawn Drum Seeder for Onion

0.2 ha/hr

Animal Drawn Drum Seeder 0.4 ha/hr

Tractor Drawn Drum Seeder - 0.4 ha/hr

Field Photo at - Raguttahally

Crop raised by onion seeder

SEED CUM FERTILIZER DRILL FOR ONION

No. of rows - 7. Row spacing - 13 cmField capacity - 0.5 ha/h. Operating speed - 5 kmph

VACUUM SEED PLANTERS

FOR SOWING VEGETABLES AND SPICES - 0.4-0.6 Ha/Hr

POTATO PLANTING

Automatic finger type 4 row potato planter

Semi automatic disc type 2 row potato planter

SPEED 1 km/hr0.1-0.2 ha/hr

Semi automatic belt type 2 row potato planter

Semi automatic disc type 4 row potato planter

Automatic disc type 4 row potato planter with fert. attachment

SPEED 3-5 km/hr0.3 - 0.5 ha/hr

POTATO PLANTING

Automatic vertical bucket belt type potato planter

SPEED 3-5 km/hr0.3 - 0.5 ha/hr

TAPIOCA PLANTERSPLANTER FOR LONG STEMS

PLANTER FOR CUT STEMS / SETS

VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTER

VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTERS

RAISED BED FORMER CUM TRANSPLANTER -0.15 ha/hr

VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTERS

CHILLI CABBAGE OKRA

CAN BE USED FOR Seeds, Tubers and Sets PLANTING

Single Row Three Row

PUNCH TYPE TRANSPLANTERWATER WHEEL TYPE

Watering of seedlings is also done

VEGETABLE SEEDLING TRANSPLANTERS

TRANSPLANTER WITH SEEDLING HOLDERS

MULCHED FIELD TRANSPLANTER

ROTARY CUP SEEDLING TRANSPLANTER

TRANSPLANTING OF ONIONSOnion is a transplanted crop in India

consumes lot of labour

Onion Transplanter (0.4km/hr) - 0.04 ha/hr

Mr. Pandharinath Sarjerao More , design, seedlings are delivered manually in the delivery chutes for planting ( 1 -1.5 km/hr) - 1 ha/day

Pegger / punch wheels

MULCH LAYING & REMOVING

Mulch & drip laying machine Tunnel making machine

Mulch remover

MULCH LAYING AND REMOVING MACHINES

STRAW MULCHERFOR CROP

PROTECTION

WEEDING

RAISED BED / RIDGER WEEDER

Capacity - 0.3 to 0.6 ha/hr

ROW CROP WEEDER FOR VEGETABLE WEEDING CUM EARTHING

Tractor mounted - 2 ROW WEEDER

VEGETABLE CROP WEEDERS

Weeders with crop shield

MULTI-ROW ROTOTILLER

Weeds in between rowsWorking speed – upto 5 km/hr

ROW CROP ROTARY WEEDER (VEGETABLE )

FINGER WEEDER

OLIVER ROTOSARK

1. Suitable for small weeds

2. Suitable for transplanted crops

3. Weeding is done close to the plants

VEGETABLE CROP WEEDERS

Reigi Weeder

WEEDING IS DONE INBETWEEN ROWS & PLANTSWORKING SPEED - 2 TO 5 KM / HR BASED ON PLANT SPACING

OFF-SET WEEDERS WITH OBSTRUCTION SENSOR AND

RETRACTION OF THE WEEDING TOOL OPERATED BY TRACTOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

ORCHARD WEEDERS

OFF-SET WEEDERS FOR ORCHARDSFOR WEEDING BETWEEN ROWS AND PLANTS

POWER HARROW DISC HARROW

ROTAVATOR BLADE HARROWCULTIVATOR

INTER ROW WEEDERSFor high density planting

CULTIVATOR CUM BLADE HARROW CUM CLOD CRUSHER

CULTIVATOR CUM CLOD CRUSHER CUM SPIN WEEDER

ADJUSTABLE WIDTH CULTIVATOR

SPIN WEEDERS WITH HYDRAULIC SENSOR & RETRACTION

INTER ROW WEEDERSFor high density planting

CULTIVATOR CUM LEVELLER WITH HYDRAULIC SENSOR & RETRACTION

SPIN WEEDER CUM CULTIVATOR WITH HYDRAULIC RETRACTION

MECHANIZATION OF SPRAYING

TRACTOR OPERATED SPRAYERS FOR FRUIT, VEGETABLE, SPICES AND

PLANTATION CROPS

HYDRAULIC SPRAYER- BOOM SPRAYER

Air Assisted Boom Sprayer Tycoon Sprayer

SPRAYERS FOR VEGETABLE CROPS

AIR ASSISTED SPRAYERS FOR HIGH DENSITY

ORCHARDS

Cima , Italy AMAS,snc. Italy Florida Atomizzatori, Italy

AIR ASSISTED SPRAYERS FOR TREES

& VEGETABLES

Genesini Macchine Agricole

Genesini Macchine Agricole

Florida Atomizzatori HARDI Australia

AIR ASSISTED MULTIHEAD SPRAYERS

Croplands

Croplands

Croplands

MULTI HEAD SPRAYER

MODIFYING MULTI HEAD SPRAYER AS COCO- NUT SPRAYER

Croplands

Croplands

TUNNEL SPRAYERS

SINGLE ROW TUNNEL / CANOPY SPRAYER

2-ROW CANOPY SPRAYER

ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS

Electrostatic Spraying Systems, USA

ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERSMartignani Ing. Italy

PRUNING MACHINERY

HAND TOOLS FOR PRUNING

Pruning Secateurs

Pruning Secateurs with Fungicide Spray Pump

(Anvil type) (Shear / Bypass type)

CUT & HOLD PRUNERS

Folding Saw

Bow Saw with GuardLopper

Telescopic Tree Pruner and Pruning Saw

Axe Bill Hook

POWERED TOOLS & MACHINERY FOR PRUNING

Felco 820

Felco 800 Felco 800 with battery

Felco 820 with battery

BATTERY OPRATED SECATEURS OR PRUNERS

Cordless battery 4v electric pruning shear

Paterlini

CampagnolaPneumatic Pruner

Pruner with Disinfactant Portable

Compressor

Tractor Operated Compressor

Pneumatic Secateurs with Extension Rod

PNEUMATICPRUNERS

Long ReachHydraulic Pruner

Hydraulic pruner Parrot Cutting Heads Palm cutting heads

Afron

Portable Hydraulic pump Self Propelled

Platform

Campagnola

Chain Saw ,Petrol Engine, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electric or Battery Operated

STIHL

Long Reach Chain Saw

ECHO

SHOOT REMOVING FOR GRAPES/ TIPPING MACHINE

VINE LEAF SRTIPPER FOR GRAPES

TRIMMERS FOR VINE YARD

PRE-PRUNERS FOR VINE YARDS

VINE PRE-PRUNER CUM SHREDDERVINE PRE-PRUNER

Pruning Blades with Obstruction Sensor and Retractable

TREE PRUNERS

VEGETABLE HARVESTERS

Potato Harvesters

POTATO HAULM CUTTER

Fixed Blade

Spin Type Oscillating Blade

Oscillating / Folding Blade

POTATO DIGGERS / HARVESTERS

POTATO HARVESTER WITH AGITATOR ELEVATOR

POTATO HARVESTER WORKING POTATO COLLECTION

0.2-0.3 ha/hr

TRACTOR MOUNTED SINGLE ROW COMBINE HARVESTERS ARE SUITABLE FOR INDIA

0.2 Ha/Hr

Potato Harvester Combine Trailed Type

Tractor Requirement - 40hpNo. of Sorter / labour - 2 -3

ONION HARVESTER

ONION TOPPER ONION HARVESTER (IIHR)

ONION HARVESTER (IIHR) 0.3 ha/hr

ONION DIGGER CUM WINDROWER

ONION DIGGER CUM LIFTERHARVESTED ONION LEFT FOR CURING

TRACTOR MOUNTED ONION TOPPER AND DIGGER

SINGLE BED ONION COMBINE HARVESTER

0.3 ha/hr

ONION TOPPERS FOR CURED ONIONS

TRACTOR OPERATED CONVEYOR FOR COLLECTION OF HARVESTED VEGETABLES

HARVESTING AIDS FOR FRUITS

HARVESTING LADDERS

Lime harvesterMango harvester

Mango harvester

LONG REACH HARVESTERS WITH

FIXED BLADE & COLLECTION NET / PIPE

IIHR BangaloreIIHR Bangalore

IIHR Bangalore

FRUIT HARVESTERWOLF-Garten Tools

SAPOTA HARVESTERIIHR, BANGALORE

LONG REACH/ TELESOPIC HARVESTERS WITH HOOKS AND COLLECTION BAG

NatureGirl Solutions Pvt Ltd .Bangalore

CUT & HOLD TELESCOPIC

PRUNER / HARVESTER

HARVESTER WITH MOVABLE CUTTING BLADE & COLLECTION BAG

Environmental Green Products

Environmental Green Products

IIHR

Ames Fruit PickerTwister Fruit Picker

Ningbo Beilun Daqi Hengxing Machinery Co., Ltd.

http://www.edit2yourcredit.com

LONG REACH HARVESTER WITH HOOKS AND

WIRE BASKET

E-tradersquare.com

Yantai Laishan Guangyu Agricultural Machine Plant, China

HOLD & TWIST HARVESTERS

HARVESTING AIDS

Tree branch shaker engine operated for olives (Stihl)

ENGINE / ELECTRIC /BATTERY OPERATED BRANCH / CANOPY SHAKERS

HARVESTING AIDS

Tree branch shaker (Stihl)

Canopy shaker Oscillating type

Canopy shaker Rotary reel type

ENGINE / ELECTRIC /BATTERY OPERATED BRANCH / CANOPY SHAKERS

HARVESTING PLATFORMS Self propelled and single operator controlled harvesting platform (AFRON, Israel)

Self propelled platform for many fruit pickers Tractor operated

platform for many fruit pickers with harvesting aids

IIHR Bangalore

Pluk-O-Trak, Machinefabriek (NL) Colheita Mecanizada de Laranja - Schülter

Self propelled harvester with multi- independent ptatforms

ULTRA LIGHT WEIGHT , HIGH REACH HARVESTING SICKLES FOR COCONUT &OIL PALM

ENGINE OPERATED, TELESCOPIC HARVESTING SICKLES FOR OIL PALM

Cantas

TRACTOR MOUNTED HIGH REACH PLATFORMS FOR

HARVESTING COCONUT & OIL PALM

AFRON

AFRON

AFRON

DR . BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI

THRESHER FOR SPICES

Thresher for black pepperThresher for seed spices

ON FIELD PROCESSING

LARGE SCALE STEAMER FOR TURMERIC

• 12- 15 minutes• 4 tanks @ 100 kg• 200 kg/h x 4 tanks • 0.5 kg / kg of rhizomes

TURMERIC BOILER

PORTABLE TURMERIC BOILER

HOT WATER TREATMENT PLANTS & PACKAGING LINES

Hot water treatment plant

capacity 250 kg/hr 3 tonne/hour

Rotary barrel with agitator

Spray washer cum inspection table Soak tank

WASHERS FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Rotary barrel grader for sapota and potato

MECHANICAL GRADERS

Three concentric barrels for 4 size grading

Divergent opening (Roller) three stage grader

Onion grader – NRC Onion and Garlic

Divergent aperture rollers / Chain GraderOrange grader - NRC Citrus

MECHANICAL GRADERS

Grader-oscillating screen CPRI

Three stage screen type grader

EXPENDABLE OPENING GRADER

Electronic weight / size / colour grading and packckaging line for different fruits & vegetables

CO2- O2 automatic controller CO2 Scrubber N2 Generator

Ethylene scrubber Installation N2 generator CO2 – O2 analyser

CA STORAGE

C A STORAGE EQUIPMENTS AT STORAGE

1. C A storage chambers are fully air tight to maintain the desired conditions2. Each chamber is provided with a balloon to maintain the inside pressure3. Safety Precautions are to be taken while entering the chambers

Yakima Valley, Washington State, USA is supplying C A stored apples

through out world through out the year

THANKSSuresh Mandhar

Emeritus ScientistPh. 09480637505, 09886385295

Email suresh.mandhar@gmail.com

Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchHessarghatta, Bangalore - 560089