Presentation Isiscfd2011

8/10/2019 Presentation Isiscfd2011

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ISIS-CFD

Automatic grid refinement

Recent Developments and Perspectives inComputational Fluid Dynamics for Hydrodynamic

Applications with ISIS-CFD v2.3-1

Michel Visonneau, Research director CNRS,

Head of the CFD group

LMF - UMR6598 - ECN/CNRS

Nantes, France, June 2011

ECN-CNRS Recent developments in CFD
http://find/http://goback/


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ISIS-CFD


Objectives of this presentation : CFD and Ship

Hydrodynamics

The modeling and discretisation challenges to face to make CFD

useful for naval architects and marine engineers,

State-of-the-art and recent progress illustrated by studies

performed by our team,

Future perspectives.

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ISIS-CFD



Hydrodynamics






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ISIS-CFD



Hydrodynamics








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ISIS-CFD


What can CFD bring to Ship Hydrodynamics ?


ISIS CFD
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ISIS-CFD


CFD is by essence a multi-disciplinary scientific discipline

CFD is based onApplied Mathematicsthrough the development

of discretisation methods for Partial Differential Equations

modeling flows,

CFD is based onphysical modelsto describe turbulence,

multiphase flows, etc... which are in continuous development,

CFD is more and moreinter-disciplinaryand addressesspecific

problemsassociated with new physical couplings.


ISIS CFD
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ISIS-CFD





modeling flows,






ISIS CFD
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ISIS-CFD





modeling flows,






ISIS-CFD
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ISIS-CFD


What are the objectives of CFD for Ship Hydrodynamics ?

A non-exhaustive list of objectives

To provide an accurate prediction offorcesexerted by the fluid on

the ship in very general situations (from resistance to

seakeeping),

To give an accurate prediction of theflow fieldto improve thepropeller/hull/rudder design,

To increase the knowledge on the effects ofappendageson the

flow,

To provide fast and reliablefull-scaleflow solutions to have less

recourse toexpensive modeltests combined withsometimes

unreliable extrapolationprocedures,

To combineaero and hydrodynamicsstudy for special purposes.


ISIS-CFD
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ISIS CFD






seakeeping),



flow,






ISIS-CFD


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ISIS CFD






seakeeping),



flow,






ISIS-CFD
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seakeeping),



flow,






ISIS-CFD


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seakeeping),



flow,






ISIS-CFD Free-surface flows
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Automatic grid refinement Scale effects for fully-appended hulls

Numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent flows

Complex geometries (unstructured meshes)Adaptive gridrefinement/coarseningwith a-posteriori error

estimation

Many statistical models for turbulence (DES under evaluation)

Free-surface or cavitating flows (interface capturing)

Mesh deformation algorithms for unstructured grid

Analytical weighted deformations (for solid or beam-like bodies)

Lineal and torsional spring analogyContinuous elastic media analogy

Grid deformation


ISIS-CFD Free-surface flows
http://./Anim/VisuForwardRobeaMailSym.avihttp://./Anim/VisuForwardRobeaMailSym.avihttp://find/


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Numerical simulation of incompressible turbulent flows

Complex geometries (unstructured meshes)Adaptive gridrefinement/coarseningwith a-posteriori error

estimation

Many statistical models for turbulence (DES under evaluation)

Free-surface or cavitating flows (interface capturing)

Mesh deformation algorithms for unstructured grid

Analytical weighted deformations (for solid or beam-like bodies)

Lineal and torsional spring analogyContinuous elastic media analogy

Grid deformation


ISIS-CFD

A i id fi

Free-surface flows

S l ff f f ll d d h ll
http://./Anim/VisuForwardRobeaMailSym.avihttp://./Anim/VisuForwardRobeaMailSym.avihttp://find/


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Strong coupling with the Newtons laws

Computation of the motion of one or severalsolid or deformable

bodiesinside a fluid

Swimming shark


ISIS-CFD

A t ti id fi t

Free-surface flows

S l ff t f f ll d d h ll
http://./Anim/turn_shark.avihttp://./Anim/turn_shark.avihttp://find/


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ISIS-CFD URANS Solver

Incompressible viscous multi-fluid flows

Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations

Fully implicit finite-volume discretization

Arbitrary shaped control volume (face based)

Second order accurate in space and time

SIMPLE-like algorithm : Pressure equation

Parallel version (MPI)

Turbulence modeling

1 Eq : Spalart-Allmaras

2 Eqs: K,KWilcox/Menter, (E)ASM7 Eqs: RijLES :D.E.S.


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows

Scale effects for fully appended hulls
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ISIS-CFD development team

5 permanent researchers + 1 Post-Doc

M. Visonneau, DR2 CNRS, Head of CFD Group

G.B. Deng, IR2 MEN

P. Queutey, CR1 CNRS

E. Guilmineau, CR1 CNRS

A. Leroyer, Assistant-Prof. MENJ. Wackers, Post Doc CNRS

4 PhD students, up to now

M. Durand, PhD student (Fluid/structure interaction)

D. Valizadeh, PhD student (Goal oriented computations, adjointformulation)

K. Politis, PhD student (Drag reduction by air capturing/injection)

G.T.Xu, PhD student (Fluid/structure interaction in collab. with P.

Chinesta)


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows

Scale effects for fully-appended hulls
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A continuous involvement in EU research projects from 2001

European research projects (EXPRO-CFD (FP4), EFFORT

(FP5), VIRTUE (FP6), TLC (FP6),FLOODSTAND (FP7)and

STREAMLINE (FP7))


ISIS-CFDAutomatic grid refinement

Free-surface flowsScale effects for fully-appended hulls
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Automatic grid refinement Scale effects for fully appended hulls

Free-surface capturing strategy - The methodology used in

ISIS-CFD



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Automatic grid refinement Scale effects for fully appended hulls

Multifluid computations

"Mono-fluid" framework

Unique fluid with physical properties (, ) whose variation in

space depends on concentrationc

free-surface computation : c= 0 air,c= 1 water

=cwater+ (1c)air , =...



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g y pp

A breaking bow wave created by an inclined flat plate

piercing the free-surface

Comparison between experiments (ECN) and computations (ISIS-CFD)





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Free-surface capturing strategy - Several illustrations



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APPLICATION 1 :

FixedDTMB5415 in head waves



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Description of the test cases

Donnes DTMB avec Vagues

3,04800

9,81000998,10000

0,28000 0,41000

0,02500 0,07500

4,8610E+006 7,1200E+006

1,53109 2,24195

1,99074 1,35953

9,5822E-004 9,5793E-004

1,50000 0,50000

4,57200 1,52400

0,33488 1,47110

0,58437 1,01217

0,91926 2,48326

1,71123 0,98798

0,85959 0,72671

2,98611 0,67977

1,50000 0,50000

1,08783 0,40270

0,54645 0,29620

0,01819 0,01819

5,9683E-003 5,9683E-003

!! "#$

g "#%&s$'"eau$ "(g)$

Fr

*2*&.

/e'!!&

U=Fr.Sqrt(gLpp)

Ecee c !!& "s$

(Pa.s)

. "a#$

()

s&. ":$

;"g"&2.$$ ":$

e;+s ":$T; "s$

T; "a#$

Ts "s$

Ts"a#$

!" (s)

Te "a#$

#=.#$%(2&) ()

* "a#$

e "Te$? Encoune> >e=uenc@ "Pe>o$; "T;$? Aave >e=uenc@ "Pe>o$

s "Ts$? >e=uenc@ >o# avancng s! "Pe>o$

.? ;ave eng

*? Cncen ;ave a#!ue "2*? ;ave eg$

*? Aave see!ness

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DTMB 5415 in head waves - 2D Views

Temporal evolution of the free-surface



http://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/NoMvt/Fr028/dtmb_case4_we_2d_details.avihttp://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/NoMvt/Fr028/dtmb_case4_we_2d_enlarged.avihttp://find/


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DTMB 5415 in head waves - Expts vs ISIS-CFD

computations

Temporal mean of the wave elevation

Ex ts to vsISIS-CFDcom . IGDS scheme bottomECN-CNRS Recent developments in CFD


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computations

Time t=0

Expts (IIHR)

ISIS-CFD



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computations

Time t=T/4

Expts (IIHR)

ISIS-CFD



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computations

Time t=T/2

Expts (IIHR)

ISIS-CFD

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High Froude number : Fr=0.41Shorter and steeper waves

=0.

5Lpp,Ak= 2A =0.075

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I t f b ki t


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Improvement of wave breaking capture

3D view

Results on highly refined grid in the breaking bow region and rooster

tail wave system.




Fi d DTMB i h d F 0 41
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Fixed DTMB in head waves - Fr=0.41

Bow breaking waves and ..




Fixed DTMB in head waves Fr 0 41
http://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/NoMvt/Fr041/dtmb_fixed_fr041_vue4_merge.avihttp://find/http://goback/


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Fixed DTMB in head waves - Fr=0.41

... spilling breaking waves can be observed on this simulation




Resistance
http://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/NoMvt/Fr041/dtmb_fixed_fr041_vue2_merge.avihttp://find/


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Resistance

Drag coefficient

Numerical conditions similar to case Ca1 except a time step of 0.005s.

Long time simulation to reach a periodic regime: start of the FFT

window at t=30s. Difference between CFD and EFD is about 5% on

the mean drag value with a pronounced second harmonic.ECN-CNRS Recent developments in CFD



Forces
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Forces

FFT Analysis Amplitude related to encounter frequency

EFD shows strong 1st and 2nd harmonics but also higher harmonics.

CFD contains higher harmonics but dominated by a 1st and 2ndharmonic response. Also detected a small third and fourth harmonics





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APPLICATION 2 :

FreeDTMB5415 in head waves





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DTMB5415 - Fr=0.41 -=1.5 Lpp -Ak=0.025

http://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/Mvt/Fr041/dtmb_free_fr041_vue3_realtime_merge.avihttp://find/http://goback/


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ISIS-CFDAutomatic grid refinement Free-surface flowsScale effects for fully-appended hulls


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DTMB5415 - Fr=0.41 -=1.5 Lpp -Ak=0.025



Comparison with IIHR experiments (Irvine Longo & Stern
http://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/Mvt/Anim3D_DTMB_Waves_Free_xz_grid.avihttp://./Anim/DTMB/Case4/Mvt/Anim3D_DTMB_Waves_Free_xz.avihttp://find/http://goback/


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Comparison with IIHR experiments (Irvine, Longo & Stern,

2006)

Temporal evolution of trim and sinkage - Comps vs Expes.

Trim Sinkage

Reassuring agreement between experiments and computations !




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APPLICATION 3 :

A study of scale effects on a fully-appended hull - The

hopper-dredger Eulenspiegel (from IHC HOLLAND Dredgers BV)



The Eulenspiegel - The real ship before (and after) the


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The Eulenspiegel The real ship before (and after) the

launch

Study performed for theEFFORTEU Research Project



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ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


A complex fully-appended hull


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p y pp


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Details of the grid : stern
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g


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Details of the grid : complex structures
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g p


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Free-surface elevation at bow and stern
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ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Wall streamlines with propeller - Model -Re= 4.0106


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Isowakes at different transversal stations - Influence of the propeller


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Wall streamlines with propeller - Ship - Re= 4.0108
http://./Anim/Uilenspiegel/AnimX_MS-WOP_MS-WIP.avihttp://./Anim/Uilenspiegel/AnimX_MS-WOP_MS-WIP.avihttp://find/


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Isowakes at different transversal stations - Model vs Full scale ship


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Uilenspiegel - Scale influence - With propeller
http://./Anim/Uilenspiegel/AnimX_MS-WOP_FS-WOP.avihttp://./Anim/Uilenspiegel/AnimX_MS-WOP_FS-WOP.avihttp://find/


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3D view from inside the hull - Model scale


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Uilenspiegel - Scale influence - With propeller
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3D view from inside the hull - Full scale


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Uilenspiegel - Scale effects - With propeller
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Secondary streamlines at windows D and E

Y/D

Z/D

WinE

WinD

Model scale Full scale


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Uilenspiegel - Scale effects - With propeller
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Secondary streamlines at windows A and C

Y/D

Z/D

WinC

WinA

Model scale Full scale


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows

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Model scale - Comparisons with PIV experiments from CTO

(Poland)

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ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Uilenspiegel - Model scale - With propeller


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ISIS-CFD computations - Isowakes at windows D and E


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


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PIVexperiments - Secondary velocities at windows D and E


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


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ISIS-CFD computations - Secondary velocities at windows D and E


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows

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Real ship- Comparisons with LDV experimentsat seafrom

MARIN (The Netherlands)

http://find/


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ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Uilenspiegel - Full scale - With propeller


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Isowakes for windows D and E - Blind computations

Experiments at sea Computations withISIS-CFD


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


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Isowakes and secondary streamlines at windows A and C

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

WinA

WinC

Y/D

Z/D

Y/D

Z/D

WinC

WinA

Isowakes Secondary streamlines


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


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Isowakes for windows A and C - Blind computations

Experiments at sea Computations withISIS-CFD


ISIS-CFD


Free-surface flows


Average durations of these studies
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Evaluation of the time spent for one computation

Mesh generation: 2 days for a fully appended hull (from IGES

files)

WOP free-surface computations: 100h on 20 processors

WIP free-surface computations: 20h more on 20 processors

which means that a free-surface full scale fully-appended ship flow

may be computed from scratch in about 1 week and only 16 manhours.


ISIS-CFD


Mesh refinement method
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Modular algorithm in 3 steps

Refinement criterion: from real variable (=> Where ?)

To control the location of the refinement,

To control the shape of the refined cells,

To allow anisotropic grid refinement for flexibility,

=> A metric refinement criteria has been developped,

Refinement decision: logical, per cell (=> Which cells ?)

Remains the same for any refinement criterion,

Based on criterion to decide which cells to (de)refine,

Preserve the quality of the mesh,

(De)Refinement.

Done cell by cell,

Derefinement and refinement are decoupled.


ISIS-CFD


Towards anisotropic grid refinement


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It is crucial to design a criterion which naturally leads to ananisotropic

mesh refinementsince isotropic mesh refinement is actually useless

for real 3D high Re turbulent flows (quickly too expensive in terms of

grid points)

Isotropic vs anisotropic grid refinement


ISIS-CFD


Metric refinement criteria
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Criterion computed as a 3x3 SPD tensors,

Geometric linear transformation to produce a grid as nearly

uniform as possible in the transformed space,

Example: metric tensor from the Hessian matrix

of the second spatial derivatives of the pressure.

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ISIS-CFD




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Hessian matrix of the second spatial derivatives of the pressure

Indicator of the numerical error (for a 2nd order accurate

discretization),Avoid refinement in the boundary layer,

Follow longitudinal vortices (bilge vortex, etc...)


ISIS-CFD


http://find/


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Hessian matrix of the second spatial derivatives of the pressure

Indicator of the numerical error (for a 2nd order accurate

discretization),Avoid refinement in the boundary layer,

Follow longitudinal vortices (bilge vortex, etc...)

http://find/


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ISIS-CFD


Grid quality measures


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Boundary layer protection


ISIS-CFD

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APPLICATION 4:

Illustrations of automatic grid refinement for the KVLCC2

AGR based on thegradient of the pressure


ISIS-CFD


KVLCC2 Ship - Double body, model scale
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K

turbulence model vs KRISO experiments

Coarse grid Refined grid

Measurements Measurements

Isowake lines comparison at the propeller plane

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ISIS-CFD



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KVLCC2 tanker - Low Froude number free-surface flow

AGR based on thegradient of the volume fraction


ISIS-CFD


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Initial mesh

ECN-CNRS Recent developments in CFD ISIS-CFD


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Final mesh after grid adaptation



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Initial free-surface deformation without AGR



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Free-surface deformation after 4 refinement levels

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ISIS-CFD




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Wavecut at Y/Lpp=0.2993 on refined grid (3 vs 4 refinement levels)


http://find/


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KVLCC2 Tanker - No free-surface

AGR based on theHessianof the pressure



KVLCC2 tanker
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Test case

Double body,

Model scaleRe=4.6e6.

Hull



KVLCC2 tanker - Double body flow
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Bow

Stern

Mesh refinement at bow and stern with the Hessian of pressure



KVLCC2 tanker - Double body flow - EASM turbulence

model
http://find/


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Experiments

Computed

with AGR

Only 400k cells instead of 2-3 M cells used by other codes wo AGR !!


http://find/


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Heavy Air Lift Seabasing Ship (HALSS)

Using AGR on a real industrial test case

ECN CNRS Recent developments in CFD ISIS-CFD


HALSS trimaran

Concept
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HALSS = Heavy Air Lift Seabasing Ship

Test caseWith free-surface,Fr=0241(25 knots) toFr=0.386(40 knots),

Model scale 5.367m,Re=0.98e7 toRe=1.57e7,

Full scale 289.8m,Re=5.44e9,Fr=0.337 (nominal35knots)

ECN CNRS Recent developments in CFD ISIS-CFD


HALSS trimaran

Model 5651
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Model 5651 scale ratio of 54.0.

Manufactured by the Advanced Marine Division of the Computer

Sciences Corporation (CSC). Experiments at the David Taylor Model

Basin, Carderock Division, Naval Surface WarfareCenter(NSWCCD)

http://find/


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ISIS-CFD


HALSS trimaran - Free-surface at 35 knots


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Large breaking wave along the main hull (from above the free-surface)

http://find/


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ISIS-CFD



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APPLICATION 5:

Impact of a wedge on the free-surface


ISIS-CFD


Prismatic body & experimental parameters
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Exp. from R. Peterson et al. (1997)

Test case SymLight SymMedium AsymLight AsymMedium

Height H 0.61 m 0.61 m 0.61 m 0.61 m

Angle 0

0

5

5

Mass M 122 kg 291 kg 124 kg 293 kg

http://find/


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ISIS-CFD


Accurate simulation of the pressure peak is of crucial

importance for structural dynamics


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A local and intense phenomena

Asymmetric impact


ISIS-CFD


Temporal evolution of the pressure peak
http://./Anim/Impact/PrismeAsymLight800.avihttp://./Anim/Impact/PrismeAsymLight800.avihttp://find/


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SymLightconfiguration SymMediumconfiguration

Automatic mesh refinement is fundamental for accurate flow

predictions !


ISIS-CFD


Influence of grid refinement on local flow properties
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Impact jet:Ngen =1


ISIS-CFD


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Impact jet:Ngen =3


ISIS-CFD


http://find/


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Impact jet:Ngen =5


ISIS-CFD

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3D unsteady AGR - Inclined flat plate piercing the free-surface

AGR based on thegradient of the volume fraction


ISIS-CFD



piercing the free-surface (windward side)
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Experiments (ECN)


ISIS-CFD



piercing the free-surface (windward side)
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Computations (ISIS-CFD)


ISIS-CFD



piercing the free-surface (leeward side)

Experiments (ECN)
http://./Anim/Plate/U25A20G15_anim_windward.avihttp://find/


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Experiments (ECN)

http://find/


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ISIS-CFD



piercing the free-surface (leeward side)

Computations (ISIS-CFD)


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A ventilation phenomena (air captured and convected inside the water) can

be observed close to the tip of the plate (thanks to AGR). Experiment

http://./Anim/Plate/Extrados.wmvhttp://./Anim/Plate/Extrados.wmvhttp://./Anim/Plate/Extrados.wmvhttp://./Anim/Plate/U25A20G15_anim_leeward.avihttp://find/


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ISIS-CFD


Conclusions


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Many specific difficulties (Free-surface flows, High Reynoldsnumbers, Short delivery time of computational results,...) making

problematic the use of CFD in Naval Hydrodynamics, are now

solved,

Full-scalefree-surface flows are now routinely computed on

fully-appendedhulls in a few days,

The use of CFD and the training of young expertised

engineers/naval architects should be strongly encouraged since a

reliable CFD approach may lead toinnovative conceptsandgains

of profitabilityfor the maritime industry.


ISIS-CFD


Conclusions
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solved,








ISIS-CFD


Conclusions
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solved,








ISIS-CFD


Scientific perspectives for 2012 (version 2.4) 1/2

To improve the description ofhull/propeller/rudder unsteady

couplingby developing specific reliable tools to compute the flow
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around rotating propellers,Propeller ventilation

To develop reliable and robustcavitationandtransitionmodels,

To introduce in ship hydrodynamics innovative concepts like

automatic shape optimization,local flow control(futuredevelopment of interdisciplinary studies) and white water

modelling.

To extend our code to robust fluid-structure interaction (FSI)

simulations via dynamic libraries or MPCCI.2D FSI -Mesh deformation 2D FSI - Pressure field 3D FSI - Cable in a current

3D FSI - Sail deformation (IRENAV experiments)

3D FSI - Sail deformation - ISIS-CFD computations

Ultimate objective (PhD. mid 2011) ! (courtesy K-Epsilon)


ISIS-CFD




http://./Anim/Propeller/sdg_def_BICS.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/video_castest2_calculIFS_bon_15s_17s_mesh_petit.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/video_castest2_calculIFS_bon_15s_17s_P_petit.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/riser_video_vit_2point5_long.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/Membrane/A20N15A500_bab.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/Membrane/export.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/Membrane/vr1f.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/Membrane/vr1f.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/Membrane/export.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/Membrane/A20N15A500_bab.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/riser_video_vit_2point5_long.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/video_castest2_calculIFS_bon_15s_17s_P_petit.avihttp://./Anim/FSI/video_castest2_calculIFS_bon_15s_17s_mesh_petit.avihttp://./Anim/Propeller/sdg_def_BICS.avihttp://find/


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modelling.







ISIS-CFD






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modelling.







ISIS-CFD






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modelling.








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ISIS-CFD





d t ti ll


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modelling.


simulations via dynamic libraries or MPCCI.

2D FSI -Mesh deformation 2D FSI - Pressure field 3D FSI - Cable in a current






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ISIS-CFD


Perspectives for 2012 (version 2.4) 2/2


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Huge gains of CFD efficiency are expected fromautomatic grid

adaptivitydriven by local characteristics of the flow,

All these future developments will require a stronger

integration/coupling of geometric modeling tool into the flowsolver ! This is the reason why we have started to integrate

ISIS-CFDintoFRIENDSHIP-Frameworkfor naval applications.

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Presentation Isiscfd2011

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