Presentation from the Italian partners about “Historical memories of the Italian immigrants”.

Press ReportPress ReportHistorical memory Historical memory

of the Italian emigrantsof the Italian emigrants

Memoria storica Memoria storica degli Italiani emigrantidegli Italiani emigranti

EmigrationEmigration fromfrom ItalyItaly

The history of emigration, stories of emigrants.

In little more than one century, between 1876 and 1988, leaving Italy 27 million people, half of them permanently, and

settled mostly in other European countries, in the U.S. and South America. In particular, the transition from decades of the nineteenth and twentieth century (1876-1915) are characterized by a real

drain of departures involving over 14 million individuals.

Is the age of machines infernal but this is the worst of all (Judge, 27 may 1882)

Emigration from ItalyEmigration from Italy

The emigrants were leaving with the hope to find a kind of "promised land", but soon clashed with harsh reality. The sufferings already started boarding the agents of emigration sent emigrants on the docks a few days before departure to rob them by Tavernier, the money changers from sellers of liquor in general by fraudsters.

Ships carrying emigrants were not equipped for such journeys. Were employed to mixed use (goods and men): starting from America or Australia laden with goods to be sold in Europe and returned laden with men. At the expense were the emigrants who were herded on ships in inhumane conditions.

In the United States immigrant population came into contact with foreign languages and often religion, customs and culture that was different from them, they were skilled workers or small landowners who could read and write and who despised the poor people who land office rags. This exclusion, Italians reacted apartments in neighborhoods where reproduced the way of life left at home, in these situations of exclusion, especially in North America, it became an important figure of boss. He was an Italian who had set in place and which provided the emigrants, in exchange for a bribe, a quick job or getting rich by renting booths at exorbitant fees and forcing workers to buy goods produced by its plantations.


Emigrants of Italy in AmericaEmigrants of Italy in America Brooklyn, N.Y. May 29, 1941

Cara sorella,

Famesapesimerinta lamoglietesanto tarate lire 50 quano ta essa famelo sapere salvatore mio figlio auta lacarto nonosa quanparte.

Sorela teciuro medespiace troppo asai speriamo cheno fose niede sefeise tuto fame sapequahe cosa chiparte fame sapesiromarito doneta m. siepartuto…

Tratto da “Innamerica-Lettere degli emigranti di Sessa Aurunca ai loro familiari (1917-1941)” a cura di Pasquale Cominale – Loffredo Editore

Brooklyn, N.Y. May 29, 1941

Dear sisterLet me know if Almerinda, the wife of Santo, he gave you 50 pounds when she takes her husband let me know. Salvatore my son, he received the document but does not know when it starts.Sister, I swear, I'm sorry too. Hopefully it's nothing, that ends everything. Let me know something. (Tell me) who is part. Let me know if the husband of Antoinette started. ...

Excerpted from "Innamerica-Lettere di Sessa Aurunca of emigrants to their families (1917-1941)" edited by Pasquale Cominale - Loffredo Editore

Emigration to America: The American Myth The “culture of migration” is first, and in advance, present to the mind of millions of people, a possibility that emigration to the United States, as the solution of problems, primarily economic, otherwise unsolvable, such as expectancy future otherwise closed. And what is called now, conventionally, the "pull pull factorfactor", the factor of attraction to the new continent.

It should be emphasized another part (and that is what scholars call "push push factorsfactors") as the effectiveness of such pressure, the collective imagination of such a stimulus is incomprehensible without taking into account the situation of the Italian countryside at that time: first of all, the agrarian crisis, linked to the "great depression" European and American, which "is to arrive in Italy on U.S. wheat, and pushes Italian farmers to America (Carocci), and secondly, the contradictory effect of the Unity of Italy, together due to strengthened, especially the South, the movement of ideas and behavior, and then waiting prime factor of profound disappointment and still had the weight of the peasant struggles and their defeat.

THE GREAT MIGRATION OF ITALIANS IN 140 YEARS

Anni Tot. Emigrati Uomini Donne Rimpatriati Saldo + o -

1861-1870 1.210.000 1.008.000 202.000 non noti -1.210.000

1871-1875 585.000 525.000 60.000 non noti -585.000

1876-1880 544.000 464.000 80.000 non noti -544.000

1881-1885 771.000 654.000 117.000 non noti -771.000

1886-1890 1.110.000 871.000 239.000 non noti -1.110.000

1891-1895 1.283.000 989.000 294.000 non noti -1.283.000

1896-1900 1.552.000 1.240.000 312.000 non noti -1.552.000

1901-1905 2.770.000 2.287.000 473.000 544.000 -2.226.000

1906-1910 3.256.000 2.658.000 598.000 1.000.000 -2.256.000

1911-1915 2.743.000 2.198.000 545.000 976.000 -1.766.000

1916-1920 1.085.000 718.000 367.000 233.000 -852.000

1921-1925 1.516.000 1.076.000 440.000 137.000 -1.379.000

1926-1930 1.061.000 776.000 285.000 685.000 -376.000

1931-1935 458.000 278.000 180.000 535.000 77.000

1936-1940 421.000 314.000 107.000 535.000 114.000

1941-1945 250.000 242.000 8.000 230.000 -20.000

1946-1950 1.128.000 713.000 415.000 455.000 -673.000

1951-1955 1.366.000 927.000 439.000 660.000 -706.000

1956-1960 1.739.000 1.275.000 464.000 917.000 -822.000

1961-1965 1.556.000 1.221.000 335.000 1.043.000 -513.000

1965-1970 1.078.000 747.000 329.000 820.000 -258.000

1971-1975 637.000 439.000 198.000 600.000 -37.000

1976-1980 502.000 346.000 155.000 490.000 -12.000

1981-1985 415.000 287.000 128.000 415.000 00 (fine di un'epoca)

TOTALI TOTALI 29.036.00029.036.000 22.253.00022.253.000 6.780.000. 6.780.000. 10.275.00010.275.000 18.761.00018.761.000

From: http://cronologia.leonardo.it/emitot.htm

Percentage changes of migration in Italy between 1876 and 1900 divided

by compartments


And here's what they thought of us in the United States when the "invaders" was us: "The Italians of the lower classes have always distinguished as beggars. It seems that many of them do it forthe pleasure of begging and this is national dress extremely humiliating for the upper classes, whichtry to explain this phenomenon in any way other than the right one, namely that there is a spirit deeplybeggar, generated by centuries of ignorance, dependence and poverty. "

New York Times, 26/9/1878"New home, old trades"

(Harper's Weekly, 1 February 1873)

Italians seen by others


PROHIBITEDPROHIBITED

StrictlyStrictlyThe entranceThe entranceof Italians!of Italians!

ATTENTION, UNCLE SAM LANDING THE MICE!

"The landfill without law" means the daily invasion of new immigrants "directly from the slums of Europe" (Judge, June 6, 1903)

Socialism Anarchis MafiaSocialism Anarchis Mafia

The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome has provided The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome has provided the most famous painting of the exhibition of Italian the most famous painting of the exhibition of Italian emigration and significant: "The Emigrants" by Angiolo emigration and significant: "The Emigrants" by Angiolo Tommasi. Dated 1895 represents the expectation of migrants, Tommasi. Dated 1895 represents the expectation of migrants, men and women, old people and children of different regions men and women, old people and children of different regions in Genoa, along the Bridge Frederick William. in Genoa, along the Bridge Frederick William.

RelationshipRelationship

Landing of illegal immigrants in

Sicily, Summer 2009

Italian immigrants landed on Ellis Island in 1911

RelationshipRelationship

Rosarno, Italy

Immigrants in a row from a ferry landing , Italy

Sailing ships and emigrants from the port of Naples,-L 'Illustration Italian-, November 21, 1875

Emigration from Italy to AmericaEmigration from Italy to America

Mothers cursed by sons sold"This child trafficking is a real slave trade, as happens in the American

South and is manifested in forms far more terrible [...] There were children cared for by a terribly cruel old woman, who left them to starve

if not returned with the money he had to earn every day, and sometimes bound them hand and foot, by inserting pieces of rope burn between my toes. You could hear the screams of children all over the house [...] All their earnings went to these unscrupulous men who had

no other right over them that the contracts of "apprenticeship" made by parents in Italy for a certain sum. This meant that the kids hate their parents. A boy who loved music [...] died the other month [...] in the arms of a young Italian reduced to a skeleton, embraced his violin.

When his friend asked him to say the prayer "God bless your mother," he proudly raised his head and whispered: "She was to sell" and fell

dead. "

(New York Times, USA, 7-7-1872 – La Gumina p. 32-38)

Immigrants of the world in ItalyImmigrants of the world in Italy

Baby hives sold by the football market A 'contract' also included the wedding to subject the girls brave evaluated hundreds of thousands of euros: gangs of gypsies exchanged kids for thefts in the villa as the star of the ball. Sold outright or borrowed from his mother.By Fausto Biloslavo (Il Giornale, December 20, 2009)

Baby ladri venduti dai rom come al calciomercatoI «contratti» prevedevano anche nozze per assoggettare le ragazzine.I più bravi valutati centinaia di migliaia di euro: le gang di zingari si scambiavano ragazzini per furti in villa come star del pallone. Ceduti a titolo definitivo o in prestito anche dalle madri.di Fausto BiloslavoTratto da “Il Giornale” del 20 dicembre 2009

Convinced that everything is due themWho dispenses charity agrees in saying that many southern Italians landed here with ideas rather quirky about what will happen. Now seem to seek help with the air of one who says: "Here we are. What are you going to do for us? ". And even if he insists on as due. "

(Edward Alsworth, <Studio effects of social immigrati>, Century Magazine, USA, vol. 87 December 1913 - Lagumina, p. 124)



'Immigrants? But enough do not like racism ' ... Joseph, a sixty Hvar, province of Foggia, who lives in Milan by fifty of years ', has a' company of destruction and just hear the word "coexistence" bridled "they can not see, pretend too, are the Mafia, they are criminals, for ten pounds are capable of killing the father and mother. " A peer who sits next to explain the reasons for resentment, smiling: "She was eight Moroccans who worked for him in the black for 2 million per month, at one point turned to a lawyer and have to fork out 43 million." Joseph did not want to hear reasons. Stirs, moves his arms, cursing: "We have so many poor people here and they give us money and houses ...». ... (taken from an article by Paolo Di Stefano December 29, 2001 - Corriere della Sera)

NO NO

MAN IS MAN IS

ILLEGAL ILLEGAL

Rubano il lavoro ai protestanti

“Molti sono gli esempi che potrebbero essere citati e che mostrano come [gli immigrati cattolici] operino una sistematica occupazione dei posti di lavoro soppiantando in questi impieghi desiderabili i protestanti e gli americani coi loro metodi da clan”.

(A.O. Nash, “L’immigrazione italiana e irlandese” American Protective Association, Usa,1896 – La Gumina, p. 169)

Steal the jobs of Protestant"There are many examples that could be cited and that show how [the Catholic immigrants] from making a systematic use of places of work in these jobs displacing desirable Protestants and Americans with their methods clan.(AO Nash, "The Italian and Irish immigration”, the American Protective Association, USA, 1896 - La Gumina, p. 169)



"We remain of our idea: immigrants should immigrants should be sent to their homebe sent to their home. There are no jobs even for us." Umberto Bossi suppresses bluntly …, in favor of new law on citizenship of immigrants.

(taken from: Quotidiano.net - Rome, 18 November 2009)

Call themselves Catholic but are immoral"Most of the newcomers themselves Catholic but do not know quite what is meant by the Christian life. For them, Sunday is a day of celebration, not a holy day, the drinking is a fact: the sexual morality has little regard for men, and respect their views on the value of truth, the less said the better. "

(Anthony Mangano, Training for Foreign Men Work in America, USA - Lagumina, p. 234)


Switzerland, minarets outlawed Vatican and the EU 'concerned' Lega: no IslamizationThe Holy See shares the concerns of the Swiss bishops, who have described the outcome of the referendum "an obstacle to mutual respect." Frattini: "Concern for messages diffidenza

Rome, 30 November 2009 - The Vatican shares the concerns of the Swiss Bishops day after the referendum that prohibited the construction of minarets in the Swiss state. Are on the same line of Swiss Bishops” says Archbishop Antonio Maria Vigil, president of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants, commenting on the results of consultation|Northern League MEP Mario Borghezio: “ Is urgently launch a referendum in Italy: mosques yes, mosques no. Even the Interior Minister, Roberto Maroni, promoting the referendum, saying: “Is profit ever heard in a democracy what the people want and not what they want the elite easily or less enlightened."

(Quotidiano.net)


The same knife to cut bread and throatThe knife cuts the bread with which [the Italian] uses it interchangeably to cut ear or the finger to another dago. The sight of blood as common as the sight of food they eat. (Cliches and recovery from J. Higham, Strangers In The Land, New York, USA, 1963)



A third of violent crimes by foreignersIstat, 80% of the reported and irregular

(ANSA) - ROMA, 28 January 2010- A third of violent crimes committed in Italy are committed by foreigners, while 80% of immigrants reported and 'irregular. According to ISTAT, the immigrants are authors of 39% of rapes, 36 murders and 7% of pick-pocketing in 10. However - notes Istat - most legal immigrants do not commit crimes' of the Italians: the total number of foreigners reported in typically be 6%. According to the police unions Prisons, 38% of prisoners and 'foreigner.

From “ANSA.IT”

Mentally retarded, lower the American Mentally retarded, lower the American standardstandard

"We protest against the entry in our country of people whose habits and lifestyles, lower living standards for Americans and whose character, which belongs to a lower order of intelligence, makes it impossible to maintain the highest ideals of morality and American civilization. "(Reports of the Immigration Commission, U.S.,1911-La-Gumina, p.1589)

CLASSES FOR FOREIGNERS, Fiore (FN): VERY BAD IDEA FOR CHILDREN MUST REPATRIATION OUTSIDE EUROPEThe motion on the establishment of a majority of classes in the school reserved for foreign students who do not speak our language or speak little, passed by a majority of twenty votes: 265 yes and 246 no. Roberto Fiore, Secretary Forza Nuova, comments: “… I speak particularly of the children of Africans and peoples outside of Europe. They must be repatriated gradually but firmly, as they are the children of an unsustainable immigration. The only ones that can be integrated are, to a lesser extent, the European children, who must study together with our children. "

From http://www.forzanuova.org/classi_stranieri.htm

Immigrants of the world in Immigrants of the world in ItalyItaly

2007-08:2007-08:aumento popolazione totale + 0,7%aumento popolazione totale + 0,7%aumento della popolazione immigrata +13,4%aumento della popolazione immigrata +13,4%

IN EUROPE, AND ESPECIALLY IN OUR COUNTRY, IN EUROPE, AND ESPECIALLY IN OUR COUNTRY, IMMIGRATION CONTINUES TO GROW DESPITE CRISIS IMMIGRATION CONTINUES TO GROW DESPITE CRISIS

HOW SUPPORTHOW SUPPORTNEEDED TO DEVELOP THE SYSTEM ITALYNEEDED TO DEVELOP THE SYSTEM ITALY

FOREIGNERS RESIDING IN ITALY

INCREASE IN THREE YEARS: + 45,7 %

In UE: from 27,1 to 31 million (+14,4%)

In Italy, if one takes into account the more than 400 thousand people waiting to be

registered in the municipal registers,foreign population is 4,329,000 regular and

exceeds for the first timeEuropean average incidence with 1

immigrant every 14 inhabitants.

EFFECT OF FOREIGNERS IN ITALY:EFFECT OF FOREIGNERS IN ITALY: 7.0%INCIDENCE OF FOREIGN EU:INCIDENCE OF FOREIGN EU: 6.2%

REGULAR ATTENDANCE ESTIMATEREGULAR ATTENDANCE ESTIMATE

MULTICULTURAL SOCIETYMULTICULTURAL SOCIETYThe Italian company now appears to be a

multiculturalwith large communities of immigrant origin

(comprising hundreds of thousands of people) and many other small and very small.

Migration policy has the task of managing this diversity positively.

Rosarno, altri quattro immigrati feritiSpari e scontri in strada: è battaglia

Il Viminale ha costituito una task force tra i ministeri dell'Interno, del Welfare e della Regione Calabria con il compito di «affrontare la questione non solo dal punto di vista dell'ordine pubblico, ma anche per quanto riguarda gli aspetti legati allo sfruttamento del lavoro nero e all'assistenza sanitaria». In città gruppi di giovani hanno organizzato ronde spontanee: «Difendiamo la nostra città e le nostre case. Siamo a caccia degli africani: se vogliono lavorare restino, ma se non c'è lavoro, devono andare via», dice qualcuno.

(da Il Corriere della Sera del 08 gennaio 2010 )

Campi nomadi, emergenza sicurezzaCampi nomadi, emergenza sicurezzaIl sindaco: "Da gennaio via il Casilino 900"Il sindaco: "Da gennaio via il Casilino 900"Anna Rita CillisAnna Rita Cillis E' morta avvolta dalla fiamme Andreia, la diciottenne E' morta avvolta dalla fiamme Andreia, la diciottenne romena, che lavorava come badante e che viveva in romena, che lavorava come badante e che viveva in una baracca all´altezza del numero 630 di via una baracca all´altezza del numero 630 di via Ardeatina. Un tragico evento che ha riacceso i Ardeatina. Un tragico evento che ha riacceso i riflettori sulla sicurezza degli insediamenti abusi. riflettori sulla sicurezza degli insediamenti abusi.

““L’espresso” del 29/12/2009L’espresso” del 29/12/2009

"BASTA CLANDESTINI NELLE CASE, I CITTADINI LI "BASTA CLANDESTINI NELLE CASE, I CITTADINI LI SEGNALINO AL COMUNE"SEGNALINO AL COMUNE"Immigrati, la Lega parte all'attaccoImmigrati, la Lega parte all'attaccoFranco VanniFranco Vanni

Mozione del Carroccio nei consigli di zona: verifiche igieniche e dei contratti d'affitto per gli stranieri Controlli «igienico sanitari» nelle abitazioni dei Controlli «igienico sanitari» nelle abitazioni dei clandestini, caccia a chi affitta case o offre lavoro agli clandestini, caccia a chi affitta case o offre lavoro agli immigrati irregolari, e l´invito ai milanesi a segnalare al immigrati irregolari, e l´invito ai milanesi a segnalare al Comune gli extracomunitari senza documenti. Con una Comune gli extracomunitari senza documenti. Con una mozione dai toni duri, la Lega chiede a Palazzo Marino mozione dai toni duri, la Lega chiede a Palazzo Marino un giro di vite «contro la presenza e lo sfruttamento un giro di vite «contro la presenza e lo sfruttamento degli stranieri senza permesso di soggiorno».degli stranieri senza permesso di soggiorno».

““L’espresso” del 28/12/2009L’espresso” del 28/12/2009

I FATTI DI ROSARNO E IL FESTIVAL DELL’IPOCRISIA -di Carlo Renoldi

Nessuno può fingersi stupito davanti a quello che è successo. Le organizzazioni umanitarie e gli osservatori più attenti lo dicono da anni: decine, centinaia di migliaia di lavoratori migranti vivono, nel nostro Paese, in condizioni subumane (sottopagati, costretti a orari fuori da ogni norma, stipati in stabili fatiscenti, privi di diritti e di tutele). Ciò è garantito da una legge ingiusta e crudele che ha trasformato persino il soggiorno in contratto, attribuendo al datore di lavoro (ritornato padrone) il possesso della vita stessa del migrante, secondo schemi di stampo medioevale. E quando ciò non basta, ci sono i caporali e la criminalità organizzata. ……. I fatti di Rosarno smascherano una volta di più il senso delle logiche proibizioniste, il cui scopo non è “governare” razionalmente le migrazioni ma, al contrario, creare irregolarità e, in questo modo, situazioni di privilegio ovvero, all’opposto, di sfruttamento….

“L’Unità” del 19/01/2010

Lo Stato paga la retta per l'ospitalità dei ragazzi, che spesso fuggono dopo pochi giorniin alcune strutture i giovani extracomunitari vengono sfruttati per il lavoro nelle campagne

"I centri speculano sui minori immigrati"la denuncia del prefetto di Agrigentodal nostro inviato FRANCESCO VIVIANO

LAMPEDUSA - I centri di accoglienza per i clandestini minorenni spesso si trasformano in un vero e proprio business per chi li gestisce. Sono milioni gli euro erogati ogni anno dalle prefetture e dai comuni dove sorgono le "case accoglienza" che ospitano migliaia di extracomunitari dai 12 ai 17 anni, arrivati senza genitori a Lampedusa in questi ultimi anni. Il 90 per cento di questi bambini scappano dopo qualche giorno e di molti di loro non si sa più nulla. "E a farli fuggire, a comprargli il biglietto del treno per farli andare al nord o in altre parti d'Europa, spesso sono gli stessi responsabili dei centri dove, in alcuni casi, i bambini vengono anche sfruttati e fatti lavorare nelle campagne". È il grave atto d'accusa lanciato dal prefetto di Agrigento, Vincenzo Postiglione, alla commissione ministeriale che si occupa dei minori immigrati non accompagnati che giungono in Italia. La Repubblica 02/03/2009

Nei ghetti d'Italia Questo non è un uomo

Adriano Sofri

Again, consider again If this is a man,

Like a frog in January That starts when it's dark and fog And comes back when it’s fog and dark, who falls to one side of the road, It smells of kiwi and Christmas orange I know three languages and does not speak any, he counts in mice for dinner, he has two slippers Commons, An application for asylum, A degree in engineering, a photograph, And hidden under the boards, And sleep on cartoons in a negletted place, Under a roof of asbestos, Or homeless

He makes fire with rubbish, he is on his own, Nowhere, And he comes out after the shooting, "He's wrong!" Of course I was wrong, Black Man black Misery black work, and from Milan, For the donation of a mitigating Write great: NEGRO, Discarded by a corporal, Spat from a poor local Christian Beaten by his masters, Hunted by their dogs, What envy your dogs, What envy jail (A good place to hang) Pissing with dogs, Dogs that bite without a master, Living between a deny and another one,

In a police station And a center was last home, And when he dies, a collection His brothers paid one euro per hour The points beyond the sea, beyond the desert To his land - "to that land!" Ponder that this was, This is now, What state is this, Reread your little essays on the Problem You who adopted distance of security, of Congo, of Guatemala, And write to the warm, nor here nor there, Neither goodness, stuff from Caritas, or brutality, matters of Home Affairs, Warm, as a nightcap,

And my eyes off this That is not a woman He is not a man She not a woman And the children, if you have children, are far away, And pray again that your new born

Do not distort their face from yours.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvEL5jXv22M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5Mlea3Yc3M

http://www.informagiovani-italia.com/napoli.htm







http://www.informagiovani-italia.com/napoli.htm

Presentation from the Italian partners about “Historical memories of the Italian immigrants”.

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Transcript of Presentation from the Italian partners about “Historical memories of the Italian immigrants”.