Presentation - Fighting the Backfire Effect and Promoting Truth in Public Discourse
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Transcript of Presentation - Fighting the Backfire Effect and Promoting Truth in Public Discourse
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Fighting the Backfire Effect and
Promoting Truth in Public Discourse
Dr. Gleb Tsipursky
- Co-Founder and President, Intentional Insights
- Tenure-track Professor, The Ohio State University
- Author of forthcoming book: The Alternative to Alternative Facts: Fighting Post-Truth Politics with Behaviors Science
- Lead Author of the Pro-Truth Pledge
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Trust in Fact-Checking
Organizations
• Rasmussen Report poll: “Voters Don’t
Trust Media Fact-Checking” 9/30/2016
• 29% of all likely voters trust fact-checking
• 88% of voters who support Trump do not
trust fact-checking
• 59% of Clinton supporters trust fact-
checking
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Confirmation Bias
• People look for and
interpret information
in ways that confirms
their current beliefs
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Backfire Effect
• A psychological
phenomenon where
people not simply
reject facts that
contradict their
established beliefs,
but also hold stronger
to reassuring lies
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Avoid Emotional Triggering
• Defensiveness
• Aggression
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Positive Emotional Connection
• Empathy & Curiosity
• Emotional Validation
• Lead to:
– positive emotional
connection
– personal credibility
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Shared Goals
• Establish shared goals
• Be allies
• Work together to reach
your goals
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Show Commitment to Truth
• Demonstrate your own
commitment to truth
above all
• Express desire to
change your mind
based on evidence
• Ask people to hold you
accountable
• Only then, proceed
with logic
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Pro-Truth Pledge
• Project to roll back tide
of lies and fight for truth
in public discourse
• Pledge-takers commit
to 12 truth-oriented
behaviors
• Combines crowd-
sourcing and
behavioral science
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Pro-Truth Pledge: Share Truth
• Verify: fact-check information to confirm it is true before accepting and sharing it
• Balance: share the whole truth, even if some aspects do not support my opinion
• Cite: share my sources so that others can verify my information
• Clarify: distinguish between my opinion and the facts
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Pro-Truth Pledge: Honor Truth
• Acknowledge: acknowledge when others share true information, even when we disagree otherwise
• Reevaluate: reevaluate if my information is challenged, retract it if I cannot verify it
• Defend: defend others when they come under attack for sharing true information, even when we disagree otherwise
• Align: align my opinions and my actions with true information
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Pro-Truth Pledge: Encourage Truth
• Fix: ask people to retract information that reliable sources have disproved even if they are my allies
• Educate: compassionately inform those around me to stop using unreliable sources even if these sources support my opinion
• Defer: recognize the opinions of experts as more likely to be accurate when the facts are disputed
• Celebrate: celebrate those who retract incorrect statements and update their beliefs toward the truth
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What Does the Pledge Consider
Misinformation?• Misinformation is anything that
conveys information in an obviously deceptive way that leads audiences to have the wrong impression of the facts
• In some cases, such misinformation is obvious, so that any reasonable external observer – in this case, fellow pledge-takers who evaluate each other – can see it
• In other cases, it is less so, and for those tough calls the pledge relies on two things:– credible fact-checking sites (the
same as used by Facebook for its fake news checking program)
– the scientific consensus
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Rewards and Accountability
• Public figures and organizations that take pledge are rewarded with positive reputation boost
• Private citizens who take pledge hold accountable public figures and organizations through evaluation process
• Like Better Business Bureau but for truth instead of business practices
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So Sign Up!• Every person who signs up
gives incentive to more public figures and organizations to sign up, since it’s more of a reputation boost
• Anyone who signs gets access to training on promoting truth and a community of fellow truth-oriented people from all walks of life
• Anyone who signs casts a vote for truth in public discourse, one informed by behavioral science research on this question
• So will you cast that vote?
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Thank You!
Dr. Gleb Tsipursky
Personal Website GlebTsipursky.com
InIn Webiste intentionalinsights.org
Pledge Website ProTruthPledge.org
Twitter twitter.com/Gleb_Tsipursky
LinkedIn linkedin.com/in/dr-gleb-tsipursky-89ab4b23/
PowerPoint of this presentation
slideshare.net/intentionalinsights