Presentation e-Learning Basics

Presentation e-Learning Basics

Author: Ioanna Komninou

1. History of e-Learning • Modern distance education has been around at least since

Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain via correspondence in the 1840s (he was sending assignments to his students by mail and they completed the 'homework' and sent it back to him).

• In the early 1920s Sidney Pressey developed a machine to provide drill and practice items to students in his introductory courses.

• The World War II created an enormous instructional problem - thousands of new recruits had to be trained rapidly, so the new media technology became dominant and widely used. The war was the 'business driver'.

• During the 50s Skinner presented the content in small, related chunks of information. Skinners Programmed Instruction was very popular and at this very moment, programmed instruction is popular when it comes to (digital) self study courses.

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1. History of e-Learning

• The introduction of the first personal computer (the Altair 880 in 1975) was quickly followed by the Apple II and the IBM PC. With the Apple and the IBM the computer was reliable enough and was used for didactical purposes.

• At the end of the 90s the learning management systems (LMS) were used. Some universities started to design and develop their own systems but most of the educational institutions started with systems off the market.One of the key players within the educational market was the American company Blackboard. This was the first moment that teachers were accepting and using technology within their own classrooms on a large base!

• In October 1999, during a CBT Systems seminar in Los Angeles, a strange new word was used for the first time in a professional environment – ‘e-Learning’.

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2. Characteristics of e-Learning• Blended learning : a combination of the most

appropriate learning didactical formats, services and media formats.

You can mix the following things:I. offline and online activities; II. synchronous and asynchronous activities; III. different multi media assets; IV. different didactical interactions; V. different ways of delivering the content; VI. selfstudy and collaborative learning; VII. formal and informal learning.

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2. Characteristics of e-Learning• Multimedia: several representation forms, not

only different in appearance but they also serve different didactical/educational characteristics.

Different formats or representation forms: I. TextII. Pictures III. Animations IV. Audio V. Video • Delivery: Content can be delivered by many

different means. Delivery tool: Web browser, PDA, Paper, Mobile phone, iPod,

PlayStation, Portable

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3. Didactical models• We can distinguish 3 main models:

• Behaviourism.• Cognitivism.• Constructivism.

• Behaviourism: the focus is on the results of learning, not the process itself. A strong element of behaviourism is positive and negative feedback, which can condition the learner (reinforcement). A result of this attitude of learning is the de-contextualizing of learning content.

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3. Didactical models• Cognitivism: The focus is on the way we are

learning, not only at the outcome of the learning process. Techniques like mind mapping are used to anchor the information. Techniques like mind mapping are used to anchor the information.

• Constructivism: Learners construct new ideas, structures, models and concepts and connect them to their prior knowledge and mental models. These instructional experiences must be structured so that learners can easily adapt the information. The learner plays an active role and learning is goal-oriented.

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4. Ideas about use of e-Learning

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4. Ideas about use of e-Learning

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SUCCESs!

The Fe-ConE team