PRESENTATION DO’S AND

Muscle contains proteins of many sizes

Protein kDa Functiontitin 3000 center myosin in sarcomere dystrophin 400 anchoring to plasma membranefilamin 270 cross-link filaments into gel myosin heavy chain 210 slide filamentsspectrin 265 attach filaments to plasma membranenebulin 107 regulate actin assembly a-actinin 100 bundle filaments gelosin 90 fragment filamentsfimbrin 68 bundle filamentsactin 42 form filaments tropomyosin 35 strengthen filamentsmyosin light chain 27 slide filamentstroponin (T, I, C) 30, 19, 17 mediate regulation of contractionthymosin 5 sequester actin monomers

Phylogenetic TreeSALMONTROUT

Phylogenetic Tree

ANCHOVIES HERRINGS SARDINES

CARPMINNOW

CATFISH

PIKE

SMELTCODHAKEPOLLOCK FLOUNDER

SOLEHALIBUT

TUNAMACKERELSNAPPER

PERCHWALLEYEBASS

Metazoa

Protostome

ArthropodMollusk

OYSTERCLAMMUSSELSCALLOPOCTOPUSSQUID

CRABLOBSTERSHRIMP

Echinoderm Chordate

Deuterostome

GAR

OstheichthyesChondrichthyes

STURGEON

SHARK

Reptilia Aves MammaliaAmphibiaAgnatha

The stages of mitosis are shown for the onion root tip and the whitefish blastula. The top three slides show the onion root tip. The first is anaphase where the chromosomes are separating. The second is metaphase where the chromosomes line up on metaphase plate. The third is interphase.

The next three pictures are of the whitefish blastula. The first is anaphase where the chromosomes are separating. The second is interphase and the third is telophase.

INTERPHASE

PROPHASE

Methods of transformation

• Electroporation–Electrical shock makes cell

membranes permeable to DNA

• Calcium Chloride/Heat Shock–Chemically-competent cells

uptake after heat shock

Methods of transformation

• Electroporation–Electrical shock makes cell

membranes permeable to DNA

• Calcium Chloride/Heat Shock–Chemically-competent cells

uptake after heat shock

Why perform each transformation step?

Positive charge of Ca+2 ions shields negative charge of DNA phosphates

CH2 N

N H

O

OCH2

OH

O

P O

O

O

O

Ca++

Ca++

Traditional Systematics and Taxonomy

• Classification

– Kingdom

– Phylum

– Class

– Order

– Family

– Genus

– Species

• Traditional classification based upon traits:

– morphological

– behavioral