Presentation Donana National Park

8/2/2019 Presentation Donana National Park

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Doana is a Spanish naturereserve located in Andaluca,

between the provinces ofSeville and Huelva.

It comprises a National Park(1969) and a Natural Park

(1989 -1997).Doana is an unique place inEurope with an extraordinary

biodiversity.


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Doana is.... coastal mobile dunes and pine treeforests


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But, above all, Doana is.. water and animals.


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Marshes or marismas. A plain and vast area covered by water during the wet

season where thousand of birds coming from all Europe and Africa spend partof the year


7/44In the marshes you can find:


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The so called marsheseyes: Small ponds where water flows even insevere drought. During the summer many animals gather around them.


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Lucios. Shalow depressions sometimes huge whose aspectchanges according to the flooding conditions.


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Caos. Temporary water chanel taking the waters to the

Guadalquivir River


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Vera. The place where the marshes join the pine tree forests and dunes


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But for many months the marisma looks like a great dry plain coveredby sparse vegetation


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Water stability, nutrients andshallowness of the waters,cause a high degree of fertility

and productivity in themarshes. This gives rise to a

big diversity of living forms.


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We were visiting Doana...


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and we studied the microorganisms, plants and animalsthat live in the National Park.


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Microorganisms: phytoplankton and zooplankton


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900 species of plants


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20 species of fish


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21 species ofreptiles


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11 species of amphibians


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37 species of land mammals


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360 species of birds

(127 breed in the Park)


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But.........Why do birds cometo Doana?


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Location. The strategic situation of the marshes between Europe and Africa

allows that many different species of migratory birds spend part of the yearin Doana.


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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Ago Sept Oct Nov Dec Avera.

Average High Temp. (C) 17 17,9 20,9 22 26,2 30 34 33 29,5 25 20,9 18 24,3

Average Low Temp. (C) 6,9 7,9 8,5 11 15,2 17,9 20,5 22,2 20 15,

9

13,8 10,

9

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Rainfall (mm) 62 43 72 40 28 8 2 4 20 52 62 63 462

Weather. Doana National Park has a Mediterranean climate with relativelywarm and wet winters and very dry summers. So thousands of birds from

North and Centre of Europe come to Doana to spend the winter and many

come from Africa to spend the summer.


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Food. During autumn and winter food is very scarce in the North and Central ofEurope, therefore birds come to Doana where they can find all the food they

need.


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G l G


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Greylag Goose(Anser anser)

They are the birds thatcome to Doana inbiggest number.In 2010, 70.000 geese

from the North andCentre Europe spent the

winter in Doana.

Males and females arebig birds of grey plumage,

orange beaks and pink legs.They fly in perfect formations

leaded by an old and clever

Bird.


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Graylag geese come from Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Germany wherethey breed and stay in Doana from October to the end of February.


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Every morning they go tothe dunes to eat sand. Sandhelp them to grind the rootsof the aquatic plants theyeat.We call this dune the Thegeesesdune


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Teals are quite small ducks. They live in the North and Centre of Europe

where they breed and come to Doana from September to April.

Teal (Anas crecca)


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male

femalefemale

The male has a chestnuthead with a dark green

patch in a half-moonshape.

The female is yellowish-brown, darker on wingsand back and she has a

green speculum


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They eat seeds, plants, algae, insects, molluscs and crustaceans. Teals ringed

in Doana were seen later in Russia, Finland, Sweden, France, Italy, etc.


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Pintail (Anas acuta)

They are quite large ducks. Male has a long pointed tail, chocolate colour

head and white breast. Female is smaller, of grey-brown colour and a shorter tail.


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They eat at nightaquatic plants andseeds.

They are swift fliersof unmistakablesilhouette.


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They breed in the North of Germany,Romania, Hungarian, Scandinaviancountries and Russia and come to

Doana in November.

female

male


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Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)

They are half geese, half ducks. Males and females have the same plumage, white,chestnut and black. They have red beaks and males have a knob at the forehead


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Their diet consists of small animalssuch us molluscs, crabs, insects and

some aquatic and land plants

male

female


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They breed in the United Kingdom, Norway, Baltic coast, north ofGermany and sometimes in the Balkan countries. They come to

Doana in October and return to the north in March


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Crane(Grus grus)

Males and females havethe same appearance, long

neck, long legs and greyplumage with a bunch ofblack wing plumes. In thehead they have a white

facial line and a red patch


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They eat a range of items from fish, amphibians

and reptiles to acorns, cereal grains and plants, rootsincluded.


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At the end of the winter cranes have elaborate and noisy courting

displays or "dances and in this way they choose their partner


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They breed inScandinavia, Poland,Denmark, Russia and

Romania. In October theycome to Doana and inMarch they make the way

back to their nestingterritories.

Doana was declared


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Doana was declared

Biosphere Reserve in

1980,

National Park in 1986

and

World Heritage in

1994

Presentation Donana National Park

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