Presentation by: SENIOR ENGINEER NASSER ALNASHATCORPORATE PROJECTS – I TEAMKUWAIT OIL COMPANY

TOPIC: SOLAR ENERGY IN AL QURAIN HILL NATURE RESERVE

SITE PHOTOS: OPENING CEREMONY

Presentation for:Entrance of Al-Qurain Hill Nature Reserve

SITE PHOTOS: OPENING CEREMONY

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Site visit by Ahmadi Governor, Kuwait Voluntary Work Centre committee and Corporate Projects – I team members

Opening ceremony by Minister of Oil and Chairman of Kuwait Oil Company

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF AL-QURAIN HILL NATURE RESERVE

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AL-QURAIN (ن� ْي �ُق�َر� �ْل HILL NATURE RESERVE (َا

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Al-Qurain (28°46'12" N and 47°58'23" E) is in Al-Wafrah district in Kuwait and 127 meters above sea level. A hill is a rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.

INTRODUCTION

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The State of Kuwait lies at the north-west corner of the Arabian Gulf, between 28º and 30º latitudes and between 46º and 48º longitudes. Its total land area is 17,818 km2.

Most of the mainland is a flat sandy desert gradually sloping towards sea level in the east. The western border land areas are 270 meters above sea level. About 6% of Kuwait's total area is inhabited.

The weather is characterized by long, hot and dry summers and short, warm and sometimes rainy winters. Dust storms occur frequently with a rise in humidity during late summer.

Typical extreme temperature ranges between the winter and summer is 0 ºC to 50 ºC. By the end of 2010, the population was estimated to be 3.5 million with annual growth rate of 5.9% for the last 10 years.

In 2010, the gross domestic product (GDP) was US dollar ($) 135 billion with growth rate of 4% and it is relatively stable.

INTRODUCTION

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Our team aims to harness various renewable energy sources to conserve as well as protect the environment of KOC and reduce Company’s dependence on energy derived from fossil fuels which cause air, water/ soil pollution in addition to the emissions of carbon dioxide gas that contributes to the comprehensive increase in the temperature of the atmosphere.

Consequently KOC exerts all efforts and allocates all available capacities that seek for protecting the environment by using Green /Renewable energy resources.

Hence a decision has been taken by TLCP-I and SEP II to apply /implement solar energy and wind energy to “Al-Qurain Nature Reserve” at Wafrah desert through preparing 2 nos. of LVCs for solar energy and wind energy.

SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

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There are urgent and legitimate motivations that call for adoption of alternative fuel energy sources and electricity production technologies in Kuwait. These motives include: Rapid electricity demand growth. Current fuel consumption for electricity

reached 13% of the total oil production. It expected to reach 20% by 2020, Kuwait's current maximum allowed oil production by the Organization of

Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 3 million barrel/day. Increasing the oil consumption for electricity and water production reduces the revenue negatively affect the country's economy

The per capita carbon dioxide (CO the highest in the world. The current CO2 emission resulting from the electricity and water production approximately 40 million tons per day and expected reach 70 million tons per day in 2030

SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

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Recent data indicate that PV module retail price index has declined significantly over the period (2001-2010).

PV system efficiency has been increasing since 2004 and expected to increase from 15% in 2010 to 22% in 2020.

SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

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Kuwait's current maximum allowed oil production by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 3 million barrel/day. Increasing the oil consumption for electricity and water production reduces the revenue negatively affect the country's economy.

Kuwait has abundance of solar radiation through out the year which suitable for solar energy application.

Monthly averaged SR intensity on horizontal surfaces (Wh/m2 –day).

SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

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The figure below showing abundance potential to use solar energy in Kuwait, where direct normal incidence (DNI) exceed 1800 kWh/m2/y

AL-QURAIN (ن� ْي �ُق�َر� �ْل HILL NATURE RESERVE ( (َا

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The project is a collaboration Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) with the Kuwait Volunteer Work Center (VWC).

Kuwait has allocated 12% of its entire area for the establishment of nature reserves. This sets us to become the first of its kind at world levels when comparing total area and population. The project is aimed at preserving the region and getting it back to its original state.

The reserve’s current location was an abundant resource frequented by sheep herds in the past, and that its trees, plants and natural life disappeared due to human malpractice.

OFF GRID SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

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The project involved the implementation of solar power systems to supply electricity to Al-Qurain Hill Nature Reserve facilities.

The project will harvest the sunlight and convert into electricity directly using photovoltaic (PV) stand alone systems i.e. the system does not have a connection to the electricity grid.

A system is made up of one or more solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, a DC/AC power converter (also known as an inverter), a racking system that holds the solar panels, electrical interconnections, and mounting for other components.

Optionally it may include a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), battery system and charger, solar tracker, energy management software, solar concentrators or other equipment.

The generated electricity will be used to energize the electrical devices in this project.

SOLAR ENERGY DIAGRAM

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MAIN PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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Photovoltaic modules A photovoltaic array is a linked assembly of PV modules. Photovoltaic arrays A photovoltaic array (or solar array) is a linked collection of solar panels. The

power that one module can produce is seldom enough to meet requirements of a home or a business, so the modules are linked together to form an array.

The modules in a PV array are first connected in series to obtain the desired voltage; the individual strings are then connected in parallel to allow the system to produce more current.

Solar panels are typically measured under STC (standard test conditions) or PTC (PVUSA test conditions).

MAIN PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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Inverters On the AC side, grid connected co-gen inverters must supply electricity in

sinusoidal form, synchronized to the grid frequency, limit feed in voltage to no higher than the grid voltage and disconnect from the grid if the grid voltage is turned off.

Islanding inverters need only produce regulated voltages and frequencies in a sinusoidal wave shape as no synchronisation or co-ordination with grid supplies is required. A solar inverter may connect to a string of solar panels. In some installations a solar micro-inverter is connected at each solar panel.

For safety reasons a circuit breaker is provided both on the AC and DC side to enable maintenance. AC output may be connected through an electricity meter into the public grid.

STANDALONE APPLICATIONS

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Street solar light Solar street lights are raised light sources which are

powered by photovoltaic panels generally mounted on the lighting structure. The photovoltaic panels charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp during the night.

Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the sun is not available for a couple of days.

Latest designs use wireless technology and fuzzy control theory for battery management. The street lights using this technology can operate as a network with each light having the capability of performing on or off the network.

STANDALONE APPLICATIONS

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Solar Water Heating Solar water heating (SWH) or solar hot water

(SHW) systems in a "close-coupled" SWH system the storage tank is horizontally mounted immediately above the solar collectors on the roof.

In a "pump-circulated" system the storage tank is ground- or floor-mounted and is below the level of the collectors; a circulating pump moves water or heat transfer fluid between the tank and the collectors.

SWH systems are designed to deliver hot water for most of the year.

SYSTEM ADVANTAGES

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Advantages No electric bill No CO² emission Battery Back-ups for cloudy

and dusty days

Applications Parking Area Street lightings Ponds, parks and

gardens Pathways Offshore platforms

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

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The visibility and the potential of solar energy in Kuwait demonstrates that Kuwait has an abundance of solar energy capability but the efficiency and cost benefit remain unclear.

The essential economic concept for any PV installation is that its cost should be recovered by the useful energy it produces over its lifetime.

The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) or payback period can be estimated from the ratio of the total life cycle cost to the total lifetime energy production according to the following reduced equation.

It is hoped that this project would provide the real actual cost to foresee the economic of solar energy.

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

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The project is a pilot for us to guide the economic and technical feasibility implementation of the same system to its remote oil facilities and avoid using of environment polluting diesel generators. The Company shall gain the benefits of reliable electricity 24/7 in remote desert locations and less maintenance.

The project could guide us to evaluate Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) which been used extensively to analyze economic feasibility of PV systems

We could be able to pursue technical knowledge sharing to enhance the efficiency of the solar system in local climate. This project will enable learning of operating real systems, assessing performance of different technologies, and introducing a one of a kind application.

Also these project shall have a huge positive impact on the environment and also very sustainable. It will be a practical model for other projects in Kuwait.

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

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This solar energy is the pilot project to enable us to further improve future energy utilization from oil to renewable energy.

Part of 2030 strategy, we aims to be more environmentally conscious and looking at renewable sources of energy (solar energy in particular) due to the plenty of solar radiation in this area.

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF AL-QURAIN HILL NATURE RESERVE

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SITE PHOTOS: OPENING CEREMONY

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Site visit by Ahmadi Governor, Kuwait Voluntary Work Centre committee and Corporate Projects – I team members

Opening ceremony by Minister of Oil and Chairman of Kuwait Oil Company

SITE PHOTOS: OPENING CEREMONY

Presentation for:Entrance of Al-Qurain Hill Nature Reserve