Presentation at Berkeley, May 4th, 2013
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Transcript of Presentation at Berkeley, May 4th, 2013
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A FUNCTIONAL ARTvisualization, journalism, storytelling
Alberto CairoUniversity of Miami
www.thefunctionalart.comTwitter: @albertocairo
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Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
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States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese
Complexity & Context Data Journalism Symposium
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When Berkeleyside spoke to newly anointed Nobel Prize winner Saul Perlmutter earlier today, he joked that the “only reason to win a Nobel Prize” was to receive the famous Nobel laureate (NL) parking permit, reserved for laureates on the Berkeley campus.
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An infographic (or a ‘visualization’) is a visual representation of evidence, a tool for analysis, communication, and understanding
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I am a bit old fashioned
I am a bit old fashioned. In fact, I was listening to Ryan Murphy and...
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...Here’s what came to my mind when he mentioned ‘Python’
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How I see MYSELFHow I seeDATA FOLKS
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How I see MYSELF
www.nick.com
How I seeDATA FOLKS
MR. COMPLEXITY
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How I see MYSELF
www.pritchettcartoons.comwww.nick.com
How I seeDATA FOLKS
MR. COMPLEXITY MR. CONTEXT
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Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
AL
States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese
Mr. Context (the caveman) says:“In the past, I worried too much about context and too little about complexity. Today, YOU worry too much about complexity and too little about context.” Consider these issues:
1. What information to present2. How to present it3. How to make it engaging
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Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
AL
States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese
1. What information to present2. How to present it3. How to make it engaging
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Do we seriously think about the consequences of what we show in our visualizations?Is it acceptable to visually represent any kind of available dataset, just because it is publicly available?
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Donors to Proposition 8
http://www.eightmaps.com/
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The Journal News
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2013/01/the_journal_news_gun_map_the_first_amendment_and_state_law_gave_the_new.html
This conversation about ethics cannot be limited to academia or to journalism. Almost anybody can access and use these datasets today
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Evgeny Morozov quoting Lawrence Lessing’s ‘Republic Lost’
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513 representatives
Complexity without enough context
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Congress’ website
Complexity without enough context
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http://revistaepoca.globo.com/diagrama/noticia/2011/10/diagrama-298-anos-de-falacao.html
Complexity without enough context
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SDDE ND
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WYNH
WARI
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MNAKAZCANYNJVTMAMTHICTUTNVDC
CO
SCKYLATXMITNMOOKAR
GAINKSOHPAIAIL
Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
AL
States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese
1. What information to present2. How to present it3. How to make it engaging
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What’s your point?Preserving a traditional journalistic question
when doing visualizations
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We don’t think about the visual encoding deeply enough
SOURCE: XKCD
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SO WHAT?Fischer, Eric. 2012. Language Communities of Twitter.
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http://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/253385/
SO WHAT?
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The Guardian
SO WHAT?
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http://fcir.org/2013/04/30/visualized-boating-accidents-in-florida-2011/
http://fcir.org/2013/04/30/florida-leads-nation-in-boating-deaths/
FLORIDA CENTER FOR INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING:Florida Leads Nation in Boating Deaths
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http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/02/23/world/middleeast/Refugee-Influx-Threatens-Balance-in-Lebanon.html
What’s the context of your data?
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http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/02/23/world/middleeast/Refugee-Influx-Threatens-Balance-in-Lebanon.html
What’s the context of your data?
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The Atlantic magazine
Compared to what?
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The Atlantic magazine
Compared to what?
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The Atlantic magazine
Compared to what?
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Annotating and Storytelling
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AVERAGE +9.4%
DIAGRAMNEWS IN PERSPECTIVE
How Brazil can take advantageof a future with fewer childrenper couple.
Brazil’sDemographicOpportunity
Alberto Cairo, Francine Lima,Marco Vergotti
2000
1950
250 million people
2010 190,732,694169.799.170
AP
RR
AC
DF
PA
AM
TO
MT
GO
MS
SC
SE
MA
RN
RO
CE
AL
ES
PB
PI
PE
SP
PR
MG
RJ
BA
RS
648,553
425,398
707,125
2,469,489
7,443,904
3,350,773
1,373,551
2,954,625
5,849,105
2,404,256
6,178,603
2,036,277
6,424,340
3,121,451
1,535,625
8,180,087
3,093,994
3,392,775
3,753,633
3,086,448
8,541,250
39,924,091
10,266,737
19,159,260
15,180,636
13,633,969
10,576,758
477,032
324,397
557,526
2,051,146
6,192,307
2,812,557
1,157,098
2,504,353
5,003,228
2,078,001
5,356,360
1,784,475
5,651,475
2,776,782
1,379,787
7,430,661
2,822,621
3,097,232
3,443,825
2,843,278
7,918,344
37,032,403
9,563,458
17,891,494
14,391,282
13,070,250
10,187,798
Change36.0%
31.1%
26.8%
20.4%
19.1%
18.7%
18.0%
16.9%
15.7%
15.4%
14.1%
13.7%
12.4%
11.3%
10.1%
9.6%
9.5%
9.0%
8.6%
7.9%
7.8%
7.4%
7.1%
5.5%
4.3%
3.8%
20.2%
BRAZIL’S POPULATION IS BIGGER
2000 2010
—BUT THE FERTILITY RATE IS MUCH LOWER THAN EXPECTED AS A CONSEQUENCE, POPULATION WILL STOP GROWING—
2030 2040 2050
125
0
—AND IT WILL BECOME OLDER
Forecast for 20502005
Men Women
2 1 0 1 2
75 years
50
30
20
65
Belowaverage
1
2 3
4
-9,4%
-0,1%
+9.4%
+0.1%Below
AboveAverage
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
NIGERIA
CHINA
África
Europe
BRAZIL
AustraliaAsiaLatin AmericaNorth America
Millions of people per age group
No dataavailable
Years
POPULATION CHANGE
PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE 2010 CENSUScreate an interesting picture of the changesthat the Brazilian population has gone throughin the past ten years. Brazil’s populationgrew, on average, 10% between 2000 and2010, but the fertility rate is below 2.1 childrenper woman, the minimum to keep apopulation from shrinking. According toCésar Marques, a demographer from theUniversity of Campinas, the main challengeBrazil will face in the future is how to maintaina healthy Social Security system if thenumber of older and retired people willlikely be much larger than it is today.Read on to learn about all the variables at playin this story.
(Data updated on November 4, 2010)The map shows the change in population
in Brazilian municipalities. Between2000 and 2010, 1,630 cities and towns,
from a total of 5,506, lost population. RioGrande do Sul is the state with a the largest
number of municipalities that lost inhabitants,due to a significant drop in fertility rates
and domestic migration
Aboveaverage
The 2010 Census has revealed a 9.4%population increase between2000 and 2010. The differences betweenstates, as you can see on the charton the right, are noticeable. Most richstates, such as São Paulo and Rio, didn’tgrow as fast as the ones in the north east.
Sources: IBGE, UN, World Bank, César Marques (UNICAMP)
How Brazil can transform the population challenge into an opportunity
As the population ages, the proportion of people of working age increases.The country will therefore have more people producing wealth (if the labormarket can absorb them) and fewer children to consume investments. It is awindow of opportunity, because in some cases the number of people ofworking age to fall back when older people are leaving the market.
The population under 15 years of age is falling today. A smaller number ofstudent in public schools will facilitate the quality of teaching, if the amountinvested in education stays the same.
Educational policy focused on low-income youth favors the formation of moreskilled workforce and greater social mobility.
In the future, Brazil will reach the stage of Europe and Japan, which struggleto support their elders. This is why it’s so important to prepare a more balanced retirement system, which will include retirement at a later age.
Each linerepresentsa country
or continent
A study in 2004 estimated that in 2010, the fertility rate would be 2.4 childrenper woman, on average. But new data collected by the IBGE prove thatthe fertility rate is already 1.9, below the threshold called “replacement rate”.When the fertility rate drops below this number, the population of a countrywill eventually start to shrink and grow older.
Forecasts made in 2004 anticipated that Brazil’s populationwould stop growing in 2040. But the most recent data fromthe IBGE suggests that this could happen much earler, in 2030.
New populationpeak: momentwhen populationwill stop growing
Former populationpeak (calculatedin 2004)
YEMEN
WORLDAVERAGE
INDIA
Number of childrenper woman
Replacementlevel: average of2.1 children per woman
Comparing the currentpopulation pyramid with theone predicted for 2050
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NHMD
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MOAZGAILRI
DEHI
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AKWIORFL
MTSDPA
NDNMSCNEOHNVTXMIIA
TNMEID
NCOKWYLAAL
NC
SDDE ND
MDNEMEORFLIDWIVA
WYNH
WARI
NM
MNAKAZCANYNJVTMAMTHICTUTNVDC
CO
SCKYLATXMITNMOOKAR
GAINKSOHPAIAIL
Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
AL
States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese
1. What information to present2. How to present it3. How to make it engaging
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ENEM test
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http://revistaepoca.globo.com/diagrama/noticia/2011/09/confira-media-e-o-ranking-das-escolas-na-prova-do-enem-2010.html
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Hans Rosling, www.gapminder.comhttp://www.gapminder.org/videos/200-years-that-changed-the-world-bbc/
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40%
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15%
DC
MA
CO
MS
WV
NHMD
NJCTVT
VI
MN
CA
UTNYKSWA
MOAZGAILRI
DEHI
INKY
MS
AR
WV
AKWIORFL
MTSDPA
NDNMSCNEOHNVTXMIIA
TNMEID
NCOKWYLAAL
NC
SDDE ND
MDNEMEORFLIDWIVA
WYNH
WARI
NM
MNAKAZCANYNJVTMAMTHICTUTNVDC
CO
SCKYLATXMITNMOOKAR
GAINKSOHPAIAIL
Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
AL
States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese Mr. Caveman says:
“So remember, Jimmy Neutron”:
1. Consider the consequences of what you present2. Think deeply about what are the most effective ways to present it3. Don’t just put your data in front of me. Tell me why I should care. Make me feel interested.
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Thank youAlberto Cairo
University of Miamiwww.thefunctionalart.com
Twitter: @albertocairo
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NHMD
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UTNYKSWA
MOAZGAILRI
DEHI
INKY
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AKWIORFL
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TNMEID
NCOKWYLAAL
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SDDE ND
MDNEMEORFLIDWIVA
WYNH
WARI
NM
MNAKAZCANYNJVTMAMTHICTUTNVDC
CO
SCKYLATXMITNMOOKAR
GAINKSOHPAIAIL
Population with aBA degree or higher
Percentage ofobese people
AL
States with a largerpercentage of people withhigher education thanwith obesity
States with a largerpercentage of obese peoplethan of people witha higher education
US average27.2% BA or higher27.0% Obese