Presentation 7

SHILIUPU SHIP YARD: “Clouds over the Huangpu River”

Kyu | Christian | Snow | Shen YangInspect on Chinese Modern Architecture

Location: South of the BundKey Designers: Xian Dai Architectural Design, RFR: Facade Design & Structure EngineeringKey Developers: Shanghai Zheng Da, Urban Planning Administration Bureau

June 17, 2011


Kyu | Christian | Snow | Shen YangInspect on Chinese Modern ArchitectureJune 17, 2011

CASE BACKGROUND ANALYSIS



CONTEXT

June 17, 2011



1

2

4

3

Yan’nan Elevated Highway

Huaihai Lu

Nan

bei G

ao J

ia

E. Nanjing Road

Zhongshan Nan Lu

Renmin Road

THE SHILIUPU SHIP YARD...is on the West Bank of The Huangpu River 1is 2 km from People’s Square2feeds directly into the historic Bund3is adjacent to the historic city of Shanghai4

4,883.22 m to China Pavilion

1,274.18 m to Pearl Tower

607.73 m to Yu Garden



THE SHILIUPU SHIP YARD...is on the West Bank of The Huangpu River 1is 2 km from People’s Square2feeds directly into the historic Bund3is adjacent to the historic city of Shanghai4

Public Spaces have UNRESTRICTED ACCESSThey WELCOME pedestrian traffic



700 M to closest Metro

To Historic Bund

To the Expo

Bus Terminal

To Pudong

Through the Old City

From Huaihai Lu

From Elevated Road




HISTORY

June 17, 2011



1909

“Pu’s get cancelled”In 1909, the autonomous government structure was implemented in Shanghai, and the Pu system was cancelled. But because people were used to this name, this name is kept until today.

1971 2000

In High Demand...

1850

“Shiliupu gets its name”In order to defend from rebel forces in the time (the Peasant Uprising) the government created a system of companies called “Pu” to protect the ports. Initially, it was planned to create 27 “Pu’s,” but due to unknown reasons, only 16 were created. This one is the 16th, the largest in Shanghai.

1860

“The Portal of the Sea”Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty, allowed commercial ac-tivities from the sea into Shanghai - It had superior geographical position and became the tie-point of north and south

1862

Ulysses S. Grant visits ShanghaiAfter a 21-gun salute, the warehouse at the Jinliyuan dock was used to welcome the president. The dock was built by the Meiqichang Company.

“famous street in Shanghai” compiled by shanghai archives

http://www.virtualshanghai.net/Article.php?ID=34

In its hayday more than 40,000 people traversed the dock daily - over 6.7 million a year - as they arrived in or departed from Shanghai. It was for many decades the largest passenger transport dock in China

http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=c-8TGS600gQC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=Jinliyuan+Dock&source=bl&ots=6-tkZ4F9z_&sig=bi0LaFBBygixJFzqj9PYTfvntLc&hl=zh-CN&ei=n3KuTffTDpDOvQPd2YmQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jinliyuan%20Dock&f=false

In the 1970s, along with the urgent need of transportation for passengers Shiliupu once again became a port passenger terminal. There was three gathering points, escalators, surveillance cameras and small waiting rooms with air conditioning.




2000 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010

In High Demand?

The End

New Beginnings Reconstruction

Connection

Completion

Demolition

With the development of the highway, the shipyard was day-by-day forgotten by people.

On December 2, 2004, the site of the old Shiliupu Dock was demolished. Businesses were moved to the Wusong Tourist Center

With the Expo arriving to Shanghai, a design competition was established to call for proposals for the new Shiliupu Development

Construction on both the bus terminal,the connecting underground ‘plaza’ space and the new Shiliupu development was begun

Construction for the adjacent bus terminal was initiated. Construction needed to be finished before the Expo 2010 Shanghai.

By March 2010, the site of the Shiliupu and adjacant Bus Terminal were ready for use. On February 1, 2010, the 8-1 plot was auctioned and sold for 9.22 Billlion to the Shanghai Zheng Da company, the highest plot ever sold in Shanghai’s history

Plot 8-1, directly adjacent to the Shiliupu dock was leveled - a site that had the same density as the old town.

Origianally, Shiliupu ship yard worked as a harbor from Shanghai to the cities around Chang jiang River

The Masterplan of the Waterfront includes 4 key developments.

Altogether, there will be 35 new skyscrapers covering 260,000 square meters. But

Shanghai's officials want you to know that they're not all about just building - 169 old

homes will be slated for preservation

The 8-1 plot will extend from Zhongshan Dong Er Lu in the East to Renmin Lu in the West, Dongmen Lu in the South to Longtan Lu in

the North. The area will cover 45,000 square meters with 27,000 square meters of usable

space above ground and 10,000 square meters of usable space below ground. It is meant to become an international financial service center, which may be why they're

opting for a Twin Towers theme.

13-15 plot

Fuxing plot

Nanpu plot




In the greater context, the area around the west side of the Huangpu river is set to see many new developments. The new projects will eventually transform the waterfront into areas of leisure, entertainment, offices or residential spaces.


Is only the first phase of a multi-phased project that includes both the watertfront and the surrounding area (Block 8-1, for example)

The design competition was completed in 2004, and the resulting winning design was actually built.

ALTERNATIVE 1: TMA ARCHITEC

ALTERNATIVE 2: 3DReid

ALTERNATIVE 3: SBA Design

ALTERNATIVE 4: John Portman & Associates

“This modern development sits sensitively between the ancient city and new bund development on the waterfront, with green roofs providing a break in the vernacular from old to new”

http://www.3dreid.com/uploads/content/objects/462/3DReid_masterplanning_brochure.pdf

The Block 8 site represents more than just a physical connection from the Huangpu River to the Old Town, it presents an opportunity to establish a supportive transitional relationship between the waterfront and the surrounding cultural zones.

http://www.portmanusa.com/work_in_progress/w_south_bund.html

“This project began in 1997. The site is located at pier 16 Shanghai China It will develop to be waterfront include: shopping-mall,hotel, office bulding. fisherman wharf.”

Taiwanese Architecture Firm: http://www.architec.com.tw/P4.htm?detectflash=false&

“To improve the historic streets and spatial structure, so that the entire block connects the waterfront area and the original old city in east-west direction, as well as the historic area of the Bund area and the EXPO-site in south-north direction.”

http://www.sba-design.eu/3002-Shi-Liu-Pu-Areal.html.en


The design competition invited many different architects from all over the world. The 8-1 plot delivers a gross floor area of 370,000 sq meters, 70% of which is designated to office use. This plot was acquired by Zendai Property at a price of RMB 9.22 billion, which makes it the highest recorded total land price in Shanghai

8-1 Plot

Alternative 3, SBA Design



The 8-1 plot is the next step to the development of the area. Without the 8-1 plot complete, we cannot ascertain the successes or failures of the Shiliupu development.

However, when looking at all the different designs, The different design firms had similar foci, all of which included the feeling of using this site as a place of connection, weaving, or transitioning between spaces.

CASE SPACE ANALYSIS





DEMOGRAPHIC

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1

2

Conclusion: More people visit Shiliupu on the weekends, especially at night. Most of the people visiting are female, although the distribution is almost even throughout.

June 17, 2011



Location 1

Location 2

AM

PM

AM

PM

WeekdaysWeekend

72 79

19

67

27

66

59 106

AM

PM

AM

PM

WeekdaysWeekend

75 68

22

57

30

65

82 103

Conclusions: More people visit Shiliupu on the weekends, especially in the evening. Most of the people visiting are female, although the distribution is almost even throughout. People that visit location 1 tend to visit location 2.

AM

PM

Weekend

1-14

15-30

30-45

45-

1-14

15-30

30-45

45-

1-14

15-30

30-45

45-

1-14

15-30

30-45

45-

LOCATION2LOCATION1

Weekdays

WeekendWeekdays

3

157

65

40

36

25

5

460

40

43

47

10

12

1010

10

1546

28

28

28

18

19

15

14

7020

30

2550

AM

PM

AM

PM

41.5%

58.5%

34.2%

65.8%

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More people that visited the site in both locations were of Chinese nationality.

Location 1 Location 2

Chinese tourist-local

Non Chinese tourist

Employee

86.4%

10.4%

3.2%

Chinese tourist-local

Non Chinese tourist

Employee

85.6%

9.9%

4.6%

Conclusions: More people visit Shiliupu on the weekends, especially in the evening. Most of the people visiting are female, although the distribution is almost even throughout. People that visit location 1 tend to visit location 2.

June 17, 2011

ACTIVITIES





TRA

SH

GA

RD

EN

CLE

AN

SW

EE

P

SW

EE

P

CO

LLE

CT

CO

LLE

CT

GA

RD

EN

GA

RD

EN

CLE

AN

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SE

LL

SE

LL

DIN

E

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RE

ST

OB

SE

RV

E

NA

P

CH

AT

EX

PLO

RE

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STR

OLL

PLA

Y

PH

OTO

PH

OTO

EX

ER

CIS

E

TOU

R

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NO

THIN

G

NO

THIN

G

NO

THIN

G

NO

THIN

G

NO

THIN

G

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NOTHINGNOTHINGNOTHINGNOTHINGNOTHINGNOTHINGNOTHING

STROLLPLAYPHOTOEXERCISETOUR

REST

OBSERVENAP

CHATEXPLORE

SELLDINE

TRASHGARDENCLEANSWEEPCOLLECT

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FURNITURE

June 17, 2011



Benches(sitting)

11 square benches4mx4mx0.42m

1 round bench10mx0.5mx0.42m

The benches to the north of the site were more frequently used than the benches found further south into the site. The round bench was a hit when it came to taking a quick break.

June 17, 2011



Skylights - 30

11

6

6

7

not occupied

12 of the 30 skylights serve the dual function of sitting spaces and bringing light to the shopping mall downstairs. However, the other 18 are plainly deco-rative, and people are not allowed to step near them, as the grass is off limits.

June 17, 2011



Gated and protected areas keep people from getting too close to the water

Gates - 11

June 17, 2011



Gated and protected areas keep people from getting too close to the water

Gates - 11

Directional Signs - 11

Trash cans - 20

Maps - 10

Trees - 422

June 17, 2011

ENTRY - Most entrances are oriented to get traffic from the north of the siteThe Entrances are not successfully used because plot 8-1 is not ready yetThe entrances lack any distinct character from each other

DEMOGRAPHIC - Most visitors come during the eveningIt is a female-friendly environmentMost people walked in groups of 2-4 peopleMost visitors are of Chinese decent

ACTIVITIES:While activities exist in the space, there are still many pockets that lack activityTour groups are attracted due to the quality of boats in the harborMost people approach Shiliupu to stroll, take photographsPeople tend to steer to the edge to take photographs

FURNITURE:There is no clear language to the furniture in the spaceThe trees provide better shade than the “cloud”Sitting on grass is forbiddenPeople tried to go downstairs, but police stopped themOccasionally furniture had double functions but not frequently



CASE KEY ISSUES ANALYSIS




DESIGN INTENTIONS




Huangpu River

Bund

ExpoWaterfront

Puxi

Pudong

People

Old Town

ISSUE 1: CONNECT

NATURE

Experience

Structural Factors

Culture Zones

Waterfront

Traditional

Modern

ISSUE 2: TRANSITION ISSUE 3: WEAVE

SHOPPINGWHARF

TRANSPORT HUB

RETAILOFFICE SPACE

HOTEL

Huangpu River

Bund

ExpoWaterfront

Puxi

Pudong

People

Old Town

ISSUE 1: CONNECT

NATURE

Experience

Structural Factors

Culture Zones

Waterfront

Traditional

Modern


SHOPPINGWHARF

TRANSPORT HUB

RETAILOFFICE SPACE

HOTEL

Huangpu River

Bund

ExpoWaterfront

Puxi

Pudong

People

Old Town

ISSUE 1: CONNECT

NATURE

Experience

Structural Factors

Culture Zones

Waterfront

Traditional

Modern


SHOPPINGWHARF

TRANSPORT HUB

RETAILOFFICE SPACE

HOTELHuangpu River

Bund

ExpoWaterfront

Puxi

Pudong

People

Old Town

ISSUE 1: CONNECT

NATURE

Experience

Structural Factors

Culture Zones

Waterfront

Traditional

Modern


SHOPPINGWHARF

TRANSPORT HUB

RETAILOFFICE SPACE

HOTELHuangpu River

Bund

ExpoWaterfront

Puxi

Pudong

People

Old Town

ISSUE 1: CONNECT

NATURE

Experience

Structural Factors

Culture Zones

Waterfront

Traditional

Modern


SHOPPINGWHARF

TRANSPORT HUB

RETAILOFFICE SPACE

HOTEL

Huangpu River

Bund

ExpoWaterfront

Puxi

Pudong

People

Old Town

ISSUE 1: CONNECT

NATURE

Experience

Structural Factors

Culture Zones

Waterfront

Traditional

Modern


SHOPPINGWHARF

TRANSPORT HUB

RETAILOFFICE SPACE

HOTEL

There are three main strategies to the design of this region: to connect, to transition or to weave. In the first issue, for example, we see that there are forces of connecting the Huangpu river to the Old Town, or the Bund to the Expo, People to the Waterfront or connecting both sides of the River.


KEY ISSUE - PUBLIC?


630 Meters

Restaurant Access Restaurant Access Restaurant Access

Direct Dock Access

Direct Down AccessDirect Down AccessParking Access

Direct Dock Access

Way to Promenade Way to Promenade Way to Promenade Way to Promenade Way to Promenade

A B C D



There are 5 entrances from the street level to the promenadethe existing design works alongside the floodwall, therefore offers no chance of views of Pudong from the street levelThereare only 2 entrances that provode direct dock access

DESIGN KEY ISSUE 1 - CONNECT

52.69








Despite the direct connection to the bus terminal, the underground floors are considered “private spaces” because they are not opened 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

The hours to access the boats is extended, therefore the space is semi-public and occasionally one can see a few people sitting in the chairs

The ‘top of the platter’ is the public space of the development

Access to the parking lot is only available by car; current elevators do not allow people to descend to the basement level




Yuyuan Garden

East Nanjing Lu

People’s Square

Xinzha Lu

South Huangpi Lu

Dashijie

Xintiandi

Laoximen

Lujiabang Lu

Xiaonanmen

Shangcheng Lu

Lujiazui

LINE 9

LINE 1

LINE 2

LINE 8

The Shiliupu Development is actually in a metro cold spot, suggesting that it detracts from pedestrian traffic, as most pedestrians from the old town will typically stay in proximity to the metro stop.


130 m

150 m 600 m

120 m

200 m

3.3 m height22 stairs @ 15 cm


There are 5 designed entrances into the “plateau” of Shiliupu, which can be considered the “true” public space of the development (as the rest of the development has opening and closing hours and therefore is privately owned.

There are truly 6 entrances into the “plateau” of Shiliupu. Primary pedestrian traffic is fed from people walking away from the old Bund. There are less people as one travels in a southeastern direction.

DIMENSIONS & FREQUENCIES

1st 2nd 3rd 4th5th 6th

1st2nd

3rd4th

5th

6thRamp

Passenger traffic from the bund

People arriving from Gucheng Park and Yuyuan Metro Stop

People arriving from the old city, attracted by landmark “Clouds”

People that skip the first entrance to the north, ramp for vehicles

People exiting the development, seeing that they’ve reached the end

People exiting the development, used by runners entering/exiting the Bund

June 17, 2011



1st

Passenger traffic from the bund

2nd

People arriving from Gucheng Park and Yuyuan Metro Stop

3rd

People arriving from the old city, attracted by landmark “Clouds”

4th

People exiting the development, seeing that they’ve reached the end

5th

People that skip the first entrance to the north, ramp for vehicles

6th

People exiting the development, used by runners entering/exiting the Bund

PHOTOGRAPHS


June 17, 2011


KEY ISSUE - ‘A TRANSPORT HUB’


The primary program of the Shiliupu Ship Yard is to become a state-of-the-art transportation hub. However, when looking deeper into the design of the transport hub, we see a few key issues that were not addressed and therefore become faults in the final product.

Public Spaces are usually places with a distinct CHARACTER

The Site is meant to connect, transition and weave different design criteria, as mentioned above.




DESIGN KEY ISSUE 2 - “A High Level” Transportation Hub

The dock area is restricted to pedestrian movement

DOCK

GATED AREAS IMPEDE OCCUPANTS FROM VISITING THE PROMENADE





The dock area is restricted to pedestrian movement

STEPPED LEVEL

A STEPPING FLOODWALLIS DIFFERENT FROM THE DESIGN OF THE OLD BUND





Existing pedestrian movement does not match quantity of the Bund

PROMENADE

LANDSCAPE LANGUAGE CHANGESIT DISTRACTS OCCUPANTS ACCUSTOMED TO THE OLD BUND





The weather has yet to be warm enough for us to witness heavy use

GREENERY

GREENSCAPESIMPEDE THE CLEAR SIGHTLINES OF PUDONG





Restaurants do not take advantage of the outdoor enviroment

BUILDINGS

BUILDINGSARE NOT INTEGRATED WITH THE LANDSCAPE





The roof canopy serves as a landmark to incoming traffic

CANOPY

ROOFSCAPESDO NOT PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SHELTER FROM THE SEASONS









The language of the Bund differs significantly than that of Shiliupu.

BUND CONNECTION

ADJACENCYThe Bund and Shiliupu are connected spatially, but not formally

Entrances are not very well signaled, as there is very little illumination used on the site.

MOVEMENT

ENTRANCESARE NOT DESIGNED WITH THE PEDESTRIAN IN MIND





Existing entrances to the site are a dark contrast to the material of the walls

GROUND FLOOR

FERRY TERMINALTHE COST OF PURCHASING A TICKET IS MORE EXPENSIVE AT SHILIUPU





3 sidewalks link the city to the water

SIDEWALKS

ROADSA 6-LANE HIGHWAY BLOCKS ANY PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT





Existing sidewalk is a barren space with little movement

OUTSIDE SIDEWALK

SIDEWALKSARE UNCOMFORTABLY SCALED, AND THE DEVELOPMENT SEEMS TO ‘GIVE ITS BACK’ TO THE CITY






KEY ISSUE - ‘BE A BRIDGE’


According to the master plan of the entire immediate region, the area is prime to be the next large-scale project investment in the post-Expo Shanghai. Although the ground plane does not speak much to a connection to the water, there are opportunities in development

Both Shiliupu and the Bus Terminal were completed in time for the Expo

BUS TERMINAL



DESIGN KEY ISSUE 3 - A Bridge to Future Developments


BUS TERMINALIS SUBMERGED UNDERGROUND; ONE SEES LITTLE PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

There exists a link between the existing Shiliupu site and the Bus Terminal

UNDERGROUND CXN




Existing park, the green roof of the bus terminal and the Shiliupu development transition from old to new

ADJACANT PARK

GREENSCAPEMEDIANS DO NOT ALLOW FOR JAYWALKING




Block 8-1’s development will be crucial to the survival of Shiliupu and the surrounding area

BLOCK 8-1

UNDEVELOPEDEXISTING GARAGE WILL EVENTUALLY BE TRANSFORMED INTO MIXED-USE




3 large construction sites are situated near the Shiliupu development

CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTIONEXISTING SITE WILL BENEFIT FROM NEW CONSTRUCTION




An established commercial base is already present near our site.

OFFICE SPACE

COMMERCIALAREAS/SMALL BUSINESSES WILL ADD VALUE TO THE DEVELOPMENT?




The old city is meant to be kept as-is (with a few structural reforms).

CULTURAL

HISTORIC CITY5-MINUTE WALK FROM OUT SITE






TO CONNECT - The Shiliupu Shipyard is a site that is meant to connect the old town to the Huangpu River, the Bund to the Expo, people to the waterfront, and Puxi to Pudong. However, given the fact that there is no clear distinction between pub-lic and private, we found the design solution weak in this respect.

TO TRANSITION - The Site has been well interconnected to adjacent sites that are currently un-der construction. Only time will tell whether the quality of the adjacant sites will capitalize on the Shiliupu design, and vice versa.

TO WEAVE -The development successfully addresses the challenge of becoming a state-of-the-art transportation hub with a multifunctional plan. However, given the prices of the ships at Shiliupu in comparison to adjacent sites, people avoid going to Shiliupu to catch a boat. As a result, haggling is common.



THE IDEA AND ACTUALIT Y



EVALUATION



Strengths Weaknesses

Opportunities Threats

Formally engagingGreen Space provides ShadeInfrastructure is intactCleanlinessUnobstructed views to Pudong Innovation in Design

Influence of the 8-1 PlotOutdoor activitiesAvailability to engage waterLower boat cruise pricesRestaurants are a strong nodeConnection to Indigo Hotel

Time FactorHighway makes it pedestrian unfriendlyGates detract peopleLack of culture, sterilityMaintenanceLack of Tenants

Lacks program - new developmentPockets of empty spaceLack of connection to the subwayLack of direct connection to waterLack of clear entries

The final product of the Shiliupu Ship Yard has both qualities and defects. It is certain that the future of the shipyard will depend on the externalities regarding the 8-1 plot.



If we compare the idea to the actuality, we can see two great differences: first, there are people rendered in the public space. The reality is that there are pockets of empty space with occasional passers-by. Secondly, the people are within proximity to the waterfront, whereas in actuality they are not allowed.



Due to the fact that there are a greater number of vacant lots than there are small businesses, lights are kept off in the public sphere. Therefore, there is a sharp contrast between darkness and lightness in the space. Furthermore, the camera in the render is set to a fish-eye lens, suggesting the space is bigger than the reality.



COMPARISON



The Bund Promenade has historical landmarks stretching its entirety. In contrast, Shiliupu currently has a parking lot.



The Bund is adaptive to the fabric of the neighborhood and therefore has a lot of porous openings. Shiliupu Shipyard only has 6 means of egress.


A STEPPING FLOODWALLIS DIFFERENT FROM THE DESIGN OF THE OLD BUND



The Bund brings people directly to the edge where land meets water. The Shiliupu Shipyard keeps people from accessing the water through the placement of gates



Both, however, offer unubstructed views to Pudong.



Shiliupu, however, offers shade and rain protection, whereas the Bund does not. Furthermore, the landscape of the roof of Shiliupu creates an architectural landmark on its own, wheras the Bund Promenade capitalizes on the fact that there are many landmarks around it. It attracts curious people to the site.


ef


LESSONS LEARNED:

1. We cannot invent cultural sites.. Although the Shiliupu attempts at becoming a landmark site, the surrounding region is impeding its growth. Therefore, we must look at the greater context before looking at one particular site.

2. Gates keep people from accessing the its key asset: its proximity to water.

3. Given Shanghai’s climate, there were many missed opportunities to engage the outdoors, especially in regards to the restaurants.

4. A sunken Shopping Mall capitalizes on skylights, however the lack of tenants make the place eerie.

5. In a post-Expo Shanghai, the “high tech, modern transportation hub” needs to evolve to satisfy new needs and programs, as its current lifeline cannot en-tirely depend on this program.



Thank you!

June 17, 2011

Presentation 7

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