What is Singeing?Presented by: Sharjeel Abid Mubashir Raza

SingeingIt is a process of burning of protruding fibers from the surface of textile material.

Protruding fibers causes

Rough look of fabric Dull surface appearance Difficulty in making fabric dirt free Pilling Low details in printing Skittery dyeing

Main Objectives of Singeing To obtain clean fabric surface It makes fabric soil less easily than un-singed fabrics The risk of pilling is reduced It allows printing of fine patterns with high clarity and detail The risk of Skittery dyeing is reduced

Types of Singeing Machine There are three types of singeing machines Plate singeing machine Rotary cylinder singeing machine Gas singeing machine

Plate Singeing Machine Cloth passes over and in contact with one or two heated curved copper plates The heating of the plates is done by a suitable burning arrangement of gas mixed with air The passage of the cloth can be arranged in such a manner that one or both sides of the fabric may pass over and in contact with the heated plate

Parameters of Plate Singeing Thickness of plate is from 1-2 inches Speed of fabric 150-250 yards per minute Temperature of plate is controlled by the air gas mixture Automatic traversing mechanism to avoid the local cooling of the plate

Diagram of Plate Singeing Mechanism

Rotary Cylinder Singeing Cloth passes in contact with a heated rotary cylinder Cylinder is usually made of copper or cast iron It revolves slowly so that the fabric each time does not touch the same surface hence avoid local cooling Suitable for velvet and pile fabrics

Line diagram of Rotary Cylinder Singeing

Gas Singeing Machine It uses flame to burn fibers Fabric passes over a gas flame at speed such that only protruding fibers are burnt and fabric is not damaged Most common type used for singeing

Diagram of Gas Singeing Machine

Line diagram of Gas Singeing

Main Parts of Gas Singeing Machine Entry unit Pre brushing section Burner Post brushing section Impregnator Exit section

Entry Frame Fabric passes through a tension unit with guide rollers and bars which ensure crease-free entry of the fabric into the machine there are (optional) pre-drying cylinders which even out any variations in the fabric moisturecontent and temperature

Pre brushing Fabric passes through pre-brushing unit which, in addition to removing dirt/dust, lint and loose fibers from the fabric

Singeing Chamber the fabric enters into the singeing chamber, where it passes over the burning flames, which are positioned on both sides of the fabric Burner is termed as the heart of singeing

Singeing Chamber Gas outlet section of the burner is provided with water jacket to keep the burner cool Carburetor or air/gas mixer allows automatic mixing of gas with air to control the intensity of the singeing flame

Post brushing It uses brushing action to remove the burnt fibers from the surface of fabric It has a suction assembly to suck the burnt fibrous material and sent it outside

Impregnator Fabric passes though a saturator, which contains the desizing agent along with the auxiliary chemicals It also eliminates the use of cooling cylinders after the burner section other wise cotton wound hot on batcher may damage

Parameters of Gas Singeing 1. Flame intensity 2. Fabric speed 3. Singeing position 4. Distance between flame burner and fabric 5. Flame Width

Flame intensity The flame intensity of the singeing burners is based on the amount and the outlet speed of the gas-air mixture leaving the burner slots The temperature of the flame is in the range of 1250 to 1300C The flame intensity usually lies between 5 -20 mbars

Fabric speed The fabric speed in the singeing machine is usually in the range of 50-160 m/min It depends upon fabric (gram per square meter) weight and fiber blend

Singeing Position There are three types of positions available for singeing Singeing onto free-guided fabric Singeing onto water-cooled roller Tangential Singeing

Singeing onto free-guided fabric This is the most intensive singeing position with highest efficiency the flame bounces onto the free-guided fabric at right angles Used for fabric weights over 125 g/m2

Singeing onto water-cooled roller the flame bounces at right angles onto the fabric while the fabric passes onto water-cooled guide roller For fabrics having weights less than 125 g/m2 and fabrics with open structure

Tangential Singeing The singeing flame falls on the fabric tangentially This position is usually recommended for very light weight and sensitive fabrics

Distance between Flame Burner and Fabric The distance between the burner and the fabric is usually in the range of 6-8mm but it can be adjusted in a range from 6-20mm Singeing efficiency is consequently decreased by increasing the burner-fabric distance

Flame Width It depends upon the width of the fabric More width of fabric more width of flame is required

Test For Singeing Singeing can be tested by following techniques Magnifying glass Pilling test Fabric feel Sticking tape

Comparison of samples