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An OLAP Solution using

Mondrian and JPivot

Sandro Bimonte

Pascal Wehrle

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A tour of OLAP using Mondrian

Introduction (architecture, functionality)

Example installation and configuration

Derived architectures and products Multidimensional expression language

(MDX)

How to design a cube in Mondrian Advanced configurations in Mondrian

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Introduction

Architecture & Functionality

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3 tier architecture

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Functionalitypresentation tier

Web interface in HTML

Javascript & HTML Forms for interaction

Managed by Web Component Framework(WCF, included in JPivot) on the server

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Functionalityapplication logic tier

JPivot: Pivot tables and OLAP operations

Execution of MDX queries by Mondrian

Hosted by Application Server (JBoss,Tomcat Servlet container etc.)

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Functionality - Communication

W e b B ro w s e r

JPiv o t(Pivo t Ta ble s , OLAP Alg e bra)

Mondrian

(Mult idim . Mod e l, OLAP Se rve r)

DB MS (JDB C)

(MySQL, Po s tg re SQL,

MS SQL Se rve r, Ora cle )

HTMLHTML fo rm s

Mondria n .o la p .Re s ultMDX que ry

JDBC Re s ultSe tSQL que ry

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FunctionalityFeatures

Mondrian:

ROLAP model mapping

Cache for reuse of query results

Usage of pre-computed aggregates

JPivot:

Pivot table for advanced OLAP operations on

warehouse data

Visualization of warehouse data using charts

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Example installation and

configuration

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DBMS: PostgreSQL - Installation

Download from:

http://www.postgresql.org

Installed version: 8.1

Installation type: Local standalone server (run as a service)

Allow only local connections

JDBC driver for communication with Java applications
http://www.postgresql.org/http://www.postgresql.org/http://www.postgresql.org/

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DBMS: PostgreSQL - Installation

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DBMS: PostgreSQL - Configuration

Easiest way to use

MondrianFoodMartLoader:

Get Eclipse IDE, from http://www.eclipse.org

Add the Web Tools Platform (WTP) plugin

Download & unzip Mondrian (2.2.2)

Import the mondrian.war from mondrian-

2.2.2/lib

include PostgreSQL JDBC, Apache log4j,

eigenbase XOM and properties libraries (from

PostgreSQL install and mondrian-src.zip/lib)

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DBMS: PostgreSQL - Configuration

locate the mondrian-

2.2.2/demo/FoodMartCreateData.sql file

Finally, run :

mondrian.test.loader.MondrianFoodMartLoader-verbose -tables -dataindexes

-jdbcDrivers=org.postgresql.Driver

-outputJdbcURL=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/Foodmart

-outputJdbcUser=foodmart

-outputJdbcPassword=foodmart

-inputFile=demo/FoodMartCreateData.sql

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Tomcat Servlet/JSP container -

Installation

Download from:

http://tomcat.apache.org

Installed version: 5.5

Installation type:

standard server (run as a service)

Integrated with Eclipse Web Tools Platform

(WTP) plugin
http://tomcat.apache.org/http://tomcat.apache.org/

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Tomcat Servlet/JSP container -

Configuration

Create a new Eclipse project of type Server

and follow instructions

Specify the server type (Apache Tomcat 5.5),

host (localhost) and runtime configuration:

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Mondrian+JPivot - Installation

Download from:

http://jpivot.sourceforge.net

Installed version: 1.6.0

Installation type:

Import of deployment package as Eclipse

project

Uses Mondrian library included with JPivot

package

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Mondrian+JPivot - Configuration

Edit WebContent\WEB-INF\queries\mondrian.jsp

Add JDBC connection parameters to the query

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Mondrian+JPivot - Configuration

Run the JPivot web project on the server

and enjoy

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Derived architectures & products

Business Intelligence (BI) suites: Pentaho JasperSoft

Custom solutions: JRubik BIOLAP

your own project...

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Pentaho : Overview

Open Source BI application suite madefrom free component applications

Official home of the Mondrian project

Reporting:Eclipse BIRT (BusinessIntelligence and Reporting Tools)

Analysis:Mondrian, JPivot

Data Mining:Weka (University of WaikatoMachine Learning Project)

Workflow:Enhydra Shark, Enhydra JaWE

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Pentaho : Architecture

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Pentaho: Analysis

Another skin for JPivot...

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Pentaho: Analysis

But there's also this (using Apache Batik)...

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Pentaho: Analysis ...and this!

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JasperSoft

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JRubik

Java client with Swing UI built using JPivot components plugin interface for custom data

visualization

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JRubik

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Spatial DW and Spatial OLAP Integration of Spatial data in DW and OLAP

GeWOLap is OUR web based tree-tier solution: SpatialORACLE, Mondrian andJPivot + MapXtreme Java-

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Spatial DW and Spatial OLAP

It supports Geographical Dimensions andMeasures

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Your own application...

pa cka ge p ro je ct1 ;

imp ort jav a .io.PrintWrite r;

im port m ondrian.olap.Conne ct ion;

im port m ondrian.olap.DriverMan age r ;

im port m ondrian.olap.Query;

im port m ondrian.olap.Res ul t ;

pub lic cla s s im ondria n {

pub lic s ta t ic vo id m a in (S trin g[] a rg s ) {

String conne ctString = "Provider= m ondrian ;" +

"Jdbc= jdbc:m ysql :/ /localhost :3306/foodm art?use r= foodm art&pa ss word= foodm art ;" +

"Cat alog= file: . \\web ap ps \\m ondrian \\WEB-INF\\que rie s\\FoodMart.xm l;" +

"JdbcDrive rs= com .m ys ql.jdbc.Drive r";

Conne ct ion conne ct ion = nul l;

conne ct ion = Drive rMan age r .ge tConne ct ion(conne ctString, null , fa lse ) ;

Query que ry = conne ction.pa rse Query("SELECT {[Mea su res ].[Unit Sales ], [Me a su res ].[Store Cost],"+" [Me as ures ].[Store Sales ]} on colum ns , {([Prom otion Media].[All Me dia], [Produ ct].[All Products ])}"+

"ON rows FROM Sa les WHERE ([Tim e ].[1997 ])");

Res u lt r e su l t = connec t ion .execu te (query);res ult .print(ne w PrintWriter(Sys te m .out,true ));

}}

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MDX: Basic Notions

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First Example

A First example of a multidimensional

query: Sum of sales for each year

SELECT

{([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON

COLUMNS,

[Time].[Year].Members ON ROWS

FROM SALES

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MDX Grammar (1/3)

SELECT axis{, axis}

FROM cube name

WHERE slicer

Axes are dimensions and/or Measures

Slicer represents the selection predicate

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MDX Grammar (2/3)

Terminal are :

Set{}

Tuple()

Cube elements names (cubes,dimensions, levels, members and

properties)[]

ON ROWSand ON COLUMNSrepresent the

configuration of the pivot table

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MDX Grammar (3/3)

Point Operator .

access to a dimension member

[Time].[1997]member 1997 of the level Year

access to a level of a dimension

[Time].[Year]Year Level

access to an operation

[Time].[Year].Membersoperation Members

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Set Example

An expression, which is a set of tuples of

members, is used to specify an axis

{([Time].[1997]),

([Time].[1998]),

([Time].[1998].[9-1998])}

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Tuples (1/2)

Tuples must be coherent

Each coordinate has to include member belonging to the

same dimension

They can belong to different levels

{([Time].[1997], [Store].[Canada]),

([Time].[1998], [Store].[USA]),

([Time].[1998].[9-1998], [Store].[Canada])}

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Operations

Operations having set as output:

x.Members= set of members of a level or

dimension

x.Children= set of children of a member x

DESCENDANTS(x, l)= set of descendants of amember x at the level l

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Descendants example

SELECT {([Measures].[Store Sales])} On

COLUMNS,

DESCENTANTS ([Time].[1998], [Quarter])

ON ROWS

FROM [SALES]

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SlicerWHEREpermits to selection a part of the cube

It is specified using members which do not belongto dimensions axes:ON ROWS and ON COLUMNS

SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS,

{([Time].[Year].Members)} ON ROWS

FROM SALES

WHERE ([Store].[USA].[NY])

Slice on the state of New York

It is not possible to have a slice with more than one member of the samedimension

WHERE ([Store].[USA].[NY], [Store].[USA].[Texas])

IT IS NOT CORRECT

C

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Calculated Members

They are used to calculate measures and do comparison

WITH MEMBERspecify the name and

AS its associates formula

WITH MEMBER [Measures].[Store Profit] AS

[Measures].[Store Sales]- [Measures].[Store Cost]

SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS,

{([Time].[Year].Members)} ON ROWS

FROM SALES


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Operations on Members

x.CURRENTMEMBERCurrent member ina dimension or a level

m.PREVMEMBERMember thatpreceds the member m in their

level

m.NEXTMEMBERMember that followsthe member m in their level

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A Complex Example

WITH MEMBER [Measures].[Sales Difference] AS

([Measures].[Store Sales],[Time].CurrentMember)

-

([Measures].[Store Sales],[Time].PrevMember)

SELECT {([Measures].[Sales Difference])} ONCOLUMNS,

{([Time].[Year].Members)} ON ROWSFROM SALES


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Numeric Functions

SUM (set, expression)

MAX (set, expression)

AVG(set, expression)

MIN(set, expression)

AVG([Time].Members, [Measures].[StoreProfit])

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Example of numeric function

WITH MEMBER [Store].[USA+Canada] AS

SUM({[Store].[USA],[Store].[Canada]},[Measures].[

Store Sales])

SELECT

{([[Store].[USA]),([Store].[Canada]),([Store].[USA

+Canada] )} ON CULUMNS,

DESCENTANTS ([Time].[1998], [Quarter])

ON ROWS

FROM [SALES]

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How to design a Cube in

Mondrian

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Outline

Cube Measure

Dimension Shared dimensions

Multiple Hierarchies

Parent-child hierarchies

Snowflake schema

Calculated members

User-defined functions

Named Set

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Cube

A cube is a named collection of measures anddimensions

...

The fact table is defined using the element

You can also use the and constructs to build more complicated SQLstatements
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.html

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Measure (1)

The Sales cube defines two measures, "Unit

Sales" and "Store Sales".

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Measure (2)

An optional formatStringattribute

specifies how the value is to be printed

48.123,45: Two decimals

datatypeattribute specifies how cell

values are represented in Mondrian's

cache, and how they are returned via XML

for Analysis

Di i (1)

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Dimension (1)

foreignKey attribute in is the name of a column in thefact table

The element has primaryKeyattribute

By default, a Hierarchy has a top level called 'All', with a single

member called 'All {hierarchyName}'. It is also the default member of the hierarchy

element has: allMemberName and allLevelNameattributes override the default names of

the all level and all member

hasAll="false", the 'all' level is suppressed The default member of that dimension will now be the first member of the first

level

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Dimension (2)

uniqueMembersattribute in Level is used to optimize SQLgeneration TRUE if values of a given level column in the dimension table are

unique across all the other values in that column across the parentlevels

ordinalColumnand nameColumnattributes of the Leveltag

ordinalColumnspecifies a column in the Hierarchy table that providesthe order of the members in a given Level

nameColumnspecifies a column that will be displayed

[Time].[2005].[Q1].[1] : ordinalColumn1,2,..January: nameColumnJanuary, February

Shared dimensions

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Shared dimensions

...

...

Multiple hierarchies
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.html

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u t p e e a c es

Note the common foreignKey: time_Id

Note the level tag attribut Type{String, Numeric}, say to SQL if use the apices ornot
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.html

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Parent-child hierarchies (1)

CA_LaCot

e41

CA_PlaceW

32

CA_VU21

CA10

full_na

mebank_idagence_id

Bank_site

All

Bank

CA

CA_VU CA_LaCote

CA_PlaceW

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Snowflake schemas

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Snowflake schemas

...

...

is used to build snowflake dimensions

"Product" dimension consists of three tables:product, product_class,

product_type

The fact table joins to "product" (via the foreign key "product_id")

"product" is joined to "product_class" (via the foreign key "product_class_id")

"product_class" is joined to "product_type" (via the foreign key "product_type_id").
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Property

Define a property for all members of a level

The role of an Employee:

SELECT {[Store Sales]} ON COLUMNSFROM Sales

WHERE [Employees].[Employee].Management.CurrentMember.Properties("management_role") = projetmanager")

Calculated members
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.html

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Calculated members

WITH MEMBER [Measures].[Profit]AS '[Measures].[Store Sales]-[Measures].[Store Cost]',FORMAT_STRING ='$#,###'SELECT {[Measures].[Store Sales], [Measures].[Profit]} ON COLUMNS,{[Product].Children} ON ROWS

FROM [Sales]WHERE [Time].[1997]

[Measures].[Store Sales] - [Measures].[Store Cost]

is an well-formed MDX formula

visible="false" user-interfaces hide the member

User-defined function (1)
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/schema.html

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( )

import mondrian.olap.*;

import mondrian.olap.type.*;import mondrian.spi.UserDefinedFunction;

/*** A simple user-defined function which adds one to its

argument.*/

public class PlusOneUdfimplementsUserDefinedFunction{

// public constructorpublic PlusOneUdf() {

}

public String getName() {return "PlusOne";

}

public String getDescription() {return "Returns its argument plus one";

}

public Syntax getSyntax() {

return Syntax.Function;}

public Type getReturnType(Type[] parameterTypes) {

return new NumericType();}

public Type[] getParameterTypes() {return new Type[] {new NumericType()};

}

public Object execute(Evaluator evaluator, Exp[] arguments) {final Object argValue = arguments[0].evaluateScalar(evaluator);if (argValue instanceof Number) {

return new Double(((Number) argValue).doubleValue() + 1);

} else {// Argument might be a RuntimeException indicating that// the cache does not yet have the required cell value. The// function will be called again when the cache is loaded.return null;

}}

public String[] getReservedWords() {return null;

}

}

User defined functionspermit to extend MDX language and soMondrian schema language using Java Code

A user-defined function must have a public constructor and implement

the mondrian.spi.UserDefinedFunctioninterface

User defined function (2)
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/spi/UserDefinedFunction.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/spi/UserDefinedFunction.html

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User-defined function (2)

...

WITH MEMBER [Measures].[Unit Sales Plus One]AS 'PlusOne([Measures].[Unit Sales])'

SELECT{[Measures].[Unit Sales]} ON COLUMNS,{[Gender].MEMBERS} ON ROWS

FROM [Sales]

Named sets
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Named sets

WITH SET [Top Sellers] AS'TopCount([Warehouse].[Warehouse Name].MEMBERS, 5,

[Measures].[Warehouse Sales])'SELECT

{[Measures].[Warehouse Sales]} ON COLUMNS,{[Top Sellers]} ON ROWS

FROM [Warehouse]WHERE [Time].[Year].[1997]

...TopCount([Warehouse].[Warehouse

Name].MEMBERS, 5, [Measures].[Warehouse Sales])

Advanced configurations in

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Advanced configurations inMondrian

Aggregates and Caching Mondrian and XMLA

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Aggregates and Caching

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Aggregate Tables

An aggregate table contains pre-aggregated measuresbuild from the fact table

It is registered in Mondrian's schema, so that Mondriancan choose to use whether to use the aggregate table

rather than the fact table, if it is applicable for a particularquery.

Aggregate Tables : Use Case

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Aggregate Tables : Use CaseSTAR SCHEMA

Select [Measures].value_read, [Measures].fact_count,

[station].[Region].Members on columns,

CROSSJOIN({[Pollutant].[Pollutant_family].Members},{[tim

e].[Year].Members})

FROM Cube1

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Aggregate Tables: Schema

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In the example Aggregate Table has thedefault name: agg_l_pollutionand thesame columns names than the fact table:value_read, region_code

This permits to Mondrian to recognizetables as Aggregate Table automatically

Rules can be set with a file.xml defined in a

property_agg_l_pollution

Aggregate Tables: Rules

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Aggregate Tables: properties

If set to true, then Mondrian reads the database schema

and recognizes aggregate tables. These tables are

then candidates for use in fulfilling MDX queries. If

set to false, then aggregate table will not be read

from the database.

falseboolean

mondrian.rolap.

aggregates

.Read

If set to true, then Mondrian uses any aggregate tables

that have been read. These tables are then

candidates for use in fulfilling MDX queries. If set to

false, then no aggregate table related activity takes

place in Mondrian.

falseboolean

mondrian.rolap.

aggregates

.Use

DescriptionDefault ValueTypeProperty
http://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.htmlhttp://mondrian.sourceforge.net/api/mondrian/olap/MondrianProperties.html

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Result Cache

Mondrian caches results

Speeds up repeated drill down/roll up

operations

On by default, needs explicit disable:

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Mondrian and XMLA

XMLA

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XMLA

XML for Analysis (XMLA) is a de facto standard API for OLAP

XMLA allows client applications to talk to multidimensional datasources.

XMLA is a specification for a set of XML message interfaces thatuse the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to define dataaccess interaction between a client application and an analyticaldata provider working over the Internet

Using a standard API, XMLA permints to access to multidimensionaldata from varied data sources through web services that aresupported by multiple vendors (Microsoft, Mondrian, etc)

XMLA

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XMLA

Mondrian as XMLA provider

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In datasources.xml

MortaliteEu

Donnes sur la mortalit en Europe

http://localhost:8080/jpivot/xmla

Provider=mondrian; Jdbc=jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DatabaseName=mortalityEU;JdbcDrivers=com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver;

Catalog=/WEB-INF/schema/MortaliteEU.xml;

JdbcUser=sa1; JdbcPassword=test

Mondrian Perforce HEADMDPUnauthenticated

MortaliteEU SQL Server

MondrianMortaliteEU.xml

Jdbc

Client

XMLA

Jpivot

XLMA Q i JPi t

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XLMA Query in JPivot

select {[Measures].[Ndeaths]} on columns,

{([Countries], [diseases])}on rows

from mortalityEU

where ([temps].[2000])

Contacts

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Contacts

Sandro Bimonte

INSA Lyon [email protected]

http://liris.cnrs.fr/~sbimonte/index.htm

Pascal Wehrle

INSA Lyon [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]://liris.cnrs.fr/~sbimonte/index.htmmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://liris.cnrs.fr/~sbimonte/index.htmmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

Presentation 2007-02 (1)

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