Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface

Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PC Fundamentals

Presentation 20 Presentation 20 –– The Hard Drive The Hard Drive InterfaceInterface

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ObjectivesObjectives

At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

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Identify and describe the differences, strengths, and specifications of IDE.

Define IDE, ATA, PATA, and SATA. Identify the cables and connectors used with the

various types of PATA and SATA drives. Discuss Master/slave/cable select (CSEL)

including jumper settings in PATA drives. Explain why the hard drive interface technology

changed from parallel transfers to serial transfers. Discuss the difference between the PATA and

SATA standards.

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Physical Drive Logical Drive

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D: Heathkit20 GB

C: Heath40 GB

Disk 060 GB

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C: 60GB

D: 50GB

10GB

E: 60GB

F: 50GB

10GB

Disk0

Disk1 K:50GB

G: 40GB

H: 40GB

20GB

I: 40GB

J: 30GB

10GB

Disk2

Disk3

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Mass Storage Interfaces:Mass Storage Interfaces:

IDE – Integrated Drive ElectronicsSCSI – Small Computer System Interface

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Evolution of the Mass Storage Evolution of the Mass Storage InterfaceInterface

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

ST-506/412

ESDI

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

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IDE versus SCSIIDE versus SCSI

IDE used predominately in PCs. IDE costs less than SCSI. IDE developed primarily for “inside-the-case” technology. IDE has severe restrictions on cable length. IDE allows one master and one slave for each IDE

connector on the motherboard. Each master/slave pair requires a different IRQ. IDE provides excellent performance in a single-user,

single-tasking operating system.

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IDE versus SCSIIDE versus SCSI

SCSI is inherently more expensive than IDE. SCSI used predominately in Servers and

Workstations. In multi-user, multitasking situations, SCSI is

faster than IDE. SCSI allows more devices and a greater variety of

devices to be connected to the computer. When multiple devices are used, SCSI requires

fewer computer resources than IDE.

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Motherboard

Slave

Master

IDE Drives

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Motherboard

PrimarySlave

SecondaryMaster

IDE Drives

SecondarySlave

PrimaryMaster

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Integrated Drive Electronics Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)(IDE)

A generic term for any drive with a built-in disk controller.

More properly called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interface because that is the name assigned by the American National Standards Institute for this interface standard.

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PIO vs. DMAPIO vs. DMA

Programmed I/O (PIO) – The CPU is used to transfer data.

Direct Memory Access (DMA) – The CPU is not involved.

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Bus MasteringBus Mastering

A technique that allows an intelligent device to seize control of the bus to perform its task without CPU intervention.

Allows the transfer of data from one device to another at the maximum speed that the bus supports.

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The ATA StandardsThe ATA Standards

ATA ATA-2ATA-3ATA/ATAPI-4ATA/ATAPI-5ATA/ATAPI-6ATA/ATAPI-7Serial ATA or SATA

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ATAATA

Also known as IDE Hard disk drive interface standard Supports PIO modes 0, 1, and 2 and DMA mode 0 PIO 0 transfer rate 3.3 megabytes/second PIO 1 transfer rate 5.2 megabytes/second PIO 2 transfer rate 8.3 megabytes/second DMA 0 transfer rate 2.1 to 8.3 megabytes/second Uses a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

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ATA-2ATA-2

Also known as EIDE or Fast ATAEnhanced BIOS offered new addressing

method—LBA (Logical Block Addressing)PCI bus combined expanded data bus width

with increased speedOperating system recognized new BIOS

featuresUsed a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

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ATA-2ATA-2

Supported PIO modes 3 and 4PIO 3 transfer rate 11.1 megabytes/secondPIO 4 transfer rate 16.7 megabytes/secondSupported DMA modes 1 and 2DMA 1 transfer rate 13.3 megabytes/secondDMA 2 transfer rate 16.7 megabytes/secondSupported ATA legacy transfer rates

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ATA-3ATA-3

ATA-3 was a minor standard updateData transfer reliability improved, but 40-

pin, 40-conductor cable remained limited to a maximum length of 18 inches

Added SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology)

Password protection

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ATAPIATAPI

AT Attachment Packet InterfaceSeparate standard covering CD-ROM and

tape drive storage devicesNot part of the ATA hard disk drive

standardUses a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

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ATA/ATAPI-4ATA/ATAPI-4

ATAPI added to the ATA standard Hard drives, CD-ROM drives, tape drives,

and similar devices share same interface standard for first time

Introduces Ultra DMA to the PC

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Adds CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Checking)

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40-pin, 80-conductor cable now optional

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Supports Ultra DMA modes 0, 1, and 2 Ultra DMA mode 0 transfer rate 16.7 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 1 transfer rate 25 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 2 transfer rate 33.3 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 2 is also known as UDMA/33,

UDMA mode 2, and Ultra ATA/33

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DMA and Ultra DMA support Burst modeBust mode is the maximum transfer rateBust mode is not sustainable over timeLong-term transfers are about half the rate

of Burst mode

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Support for Ultra DMA modes 3 and 4 Ultra DMA mode 3 transfer rate 44.4 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 4 transfer rate 66.7 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 4 is also known as UDMA/66,

UDMA mode 4, and Ultra ATA/66 Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

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Support for Ultra DMA mode 5Burst rate 100 MB/secUltra DMA mode 5 is also known as

UDMA/100 and Ultra ATA/100Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

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CHS addressing no longer supportedLBA addresses extended from 28-bit to 48-

bit lengths (228 vs. 248)Drives up to 137 GB in size may use either

28-bit or 48-bit addressingDrives greater than 137 GB must use 48-bit

addressingDrive capacities to 144 PB (144 petabytes)

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The last standard to support parallel dataSupport for Ultra DMA mode 6Burst rate 133 MB/secUltra DMA mode 6 is also known as

UDMA/133 and Ultra ATA/133Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

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ATA Interface ConnectorsATA Interface Connectors

1

2

39

40

Extra 4 pins supply power

2

43

44

1

32


1

2

39

40

Pin 20 Blocked

2

43

44

1

33


1

2

39

40

Tab

2

43

44

1

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Pin 1 on the cable is marked.Pin 1 on the cable is marked.

Pin 1Pin 1

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Typical ATA Hard Drive Typical ATA Hard Drive ConnectorsConnectors

40-pin IDE CableConnector

8-pin Jumper

Connector

4-pin Power

Connector

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MA

SL

CS

Jumper Block

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MA

SL

CS

Single Drive

Master DriveWith Slave

Slave Drive

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The Cable Select OptionThe Cable Select Option

MA

SL

CS

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DS CS/SP

Jumper Block

40

DS CS/SP

Master Drive

Master DriveWith Slave Present

Slave Drive

Cable Select

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Parallel ATA Versus Serial ATAParallel ATA Versus Serial ATA

All the technologies discussed up to now have been parallel. – The data bits are transferred in parallel, usually

32 bits at a time. – Referred to today as PATA.

Serial ATA or SATA allows higher transfer rates.

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SATASATA

Serial AT Attachment (SATA) standardData storage standardInterface transparent to operating systemSupports previous parallel ATA standardsData transfer rates up to 300 MB/sec are

common.

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SATA InterfaceSATA InterfaceSignal

ContactsSignalCable

Connector

Drive SocketAssemblyCable

Assemblies

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SATA InterfaceSATA Interface

PowerContacts

Power SupplyCable Connector

Drive SocketAssembly

CableAssemblies

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SATA InterfaceSATA Interface

ManufacturerTest Pins

Drive SocketAssembly

CableAssemblies

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SATA Hard Disk DriveSATA Hard Disk Drive

Test Pins

PowerAdapter Plug

SignalConnector

PowerConnector

Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface

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