Presentation 10 th February 2010 in Ljubljana Introduction by Gustav R. Grob
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Transcript of Presentation 10 th February 2010 in Ljubljana Introduction by Gustav R. Grob
Presentation 10th February 2010 in Ljubljana
1) Introduction by Gustav R. Grob
GEOCOGEN Concept and International Potential
2) Dr. Gustav Hans Weber (phys.)
The Thermodynamic Process and Life Expectation
3) Martin Weber, MSc (chem.)
The Chemistry of Geothermal Systems
High Temperature Isolating Concrete
followed by project team implementation discussions
Why use geothermal heat ?
99% of the solid rock layer has at least 1000°C
0.1% of the solid rock is cooler than 100°C
The average rock temperature gradientis about 30°C per km depth world-wide
The geothermal heat is composed ofabout 1/3 residual heat from the creationof planet Earth and about 2/3 from continousrenewable and sustainable magma generation
.
Energy Cost Comparison
Energie-Kostenwahrheit
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Nucle
ar
Gas F
ired
Oil F
ired
Coal F
ired
Bio
mass
Hydro
Pow
er
Ocean W
ave
Win
d P
ow
er
Sola
r T
herm
al
Geo T
hem
al
OT
EC
PV
ENERGIE SYSTEM
EU
RO
CE
NT
S /
kW
h
Extra Risk
External Cost
Carbon Credit
Max Net Cost
Min. Net Cost
Energy Cost Comparison¢/kWh
Use of geothermal heat around the world
Global Geothermal Industry Evolution by Market, 1970–2015
GEOCOGEN
Types of Geothermal Power Plants
o HDR Hot Dry Rock, removes heat from hot dry rockwith delivered water by injection or by gravity
o Single Flashoverheated steam with one cycle through the turbine
o Double Flashoverheated steam with two cycles through the turbine
o ORC Organic Rankine Cycle - one volatile component
o Kalina-process uses mixture of ammonia and water
Binary HDR System removes heat from hot dry rock by compressed water
Problem: Kirchhoff‘s law of the easiest way
Earth Quake Risk !
Conventional Low Power Binary System Unterhaching, Bavaria
Examples of Conventional Geothermal Power Plants
Place
Germany
geoth. Power
MW
electr.Power MW
tempe- rature °C
rate ofOutput
m3/h
depthm
workingsince
Schönebeck 10 1 150 50 4294 2008Neustadt-Glewe 1.3-3.5 0.21 98 119 2250 2003Bruchsal 4 0.5 118 86 2500 2009Landau 22 3 159 70 3000 2007Insheim ? ? 155 ? 3600 2010Unterhaching 30 3.4 122 540 3577 2008Sauerlach 80 8 ? 140 600 5000 2010Dürrnhaar 50 5 ? 135 400 4000 2010Kirchstockach ? ? 130 ? 4000 2010
AustriaAltheim (A) 18.8 0.5 105 300-600 2146 2000Bad Blumau (A) 7.6 0.18 107 80-100 2843 2001
Evolution of Geothermal Energy
Evolution of Geothermal Energy
The four Geothermal Energy Generations
from 8000 BC from 1910 from 1960 from 2010
1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation Ancient Power plants Power plants GEOCOGEN
thermal bath with natural fed by drilled with closed heat sources heat sources water cycle
natural random random artificial without artificial discoveries hydro geology hydro geology overpressure
(also heat pumps) (co-generation) geographically geographically !! Earth quake risks !! no dangers limited limited with deep boreholes can be built to hot springs to volcanic using high hydraulic nearly everywhere
areas overpressures (all underground) (geologic (hydraulic fracturing) very big anomalies) relatively small power & heat
energy yield production kW category only MW class lower MW class GW class Examples: Examples: Examples: Potential:
Baden Iceland Riehen BS * worldwide Abano Terme New Zealand Soultz unlimited Hungary Philippines Landau * in the proximity Hot Springs Hawaii Cornwall of energy consumers Spa Lardarello Staufen * (short distances) virtually free heat 0,05-0,20 $/kWh 0,10 – 0,90 $/kWh 0,02 – 0,04 $/kWh * partly total loss *
Original Brunnschweiler System
Deep Hot Rock Geothermal Energy
Borehole systems a) Hydraulic fracturing by high pressure Hot-dry Rock system with safely controlled
with relatively small energy yields closed primary water cycle in insulated wells or andb) Boreholes to geothermal aquifers secondary steam turbine cycle with co-
open systems with limited energy generation for district heating, AC, industry and greenhouses
Advantages:No yields by hazard !
Super performance (GW).No fuels or waste problems.
Excavated materials re-used.Base load power plus heat
Energy cost: 2–4 €¢/kWh
Disadvantages:
a) Water is finding way of lowest resistance= limited Energy yield
b) Only in hydro geologic strata often far from consumers.
Often high energy transport cost.
Often limited to heat production only.
Energy cost:
5-10 €¢ /kWh
New thermal drilling methods
Advantages of geothermal deep well energy co-generation
Produces electricity and heat - suitable also for cooling Much lower net cost than any other energy source Can be built near agglomerations and substations Less energy transmission line cost – hence also less transmission losses than other power plants Invisible, no air or water pollution and no noise Ideal power source for clean electric vehicles No radiation risks or other health hazards Creates new clean sustainable jobs No waste disposal problems ! Long life base-load plant
Typical locationsExample NRW Subsitution of Nuclear & Coal
Finite Nuclear Power (to be replaced)
Radioactive contamination of Europe
including Chernobyl fallout.
Map showing Caesium-137 contamination in Belarus, Russia
& Ukraine. Curies per km2 (1 curie = 37 gigabecquerels).
Applications
Electricity Heat By-Products Si etc.
District Heating Spas Agriculture Process Heat
Costing
USD Minimum Maximum
(1) Investment per GigaWatt 2'000'000'000 4'000'000’000 (2) Electricity sales p.a. @ 0,06 / 0,08 USD/kWh * 480'000’000 640'000'000
(3) Heat sales p.a. @ 0,02 / 0,04 USD/kWh * 160'000'000 360'000’000 (4) Total annual sales 640'000'000 1'000'000’000
(5) Depreciation & operations cost 8 % / 12 % of (1) ** 160'000'000 480’000’000 (6) Gross annual profit 480'000'000 520'000’000
Dividend / capital service of (1) before taxes (ROI) 24 % 13 %
Electricity cost 160/8'000 or 480/8000 = 0,02 – 0,06 USD/kWh plus at least the same amount of heat resulting (at mixed costing) in 1 – 3 $cents pro kWh (world record !)
Remarks: * annual production of 8 TWh each of electricity and heat at 91 % systems availability
** 8 % = depreciation over 20 years plus 3 % operations & administration cost 12 % = depreciation over 10 years plus 2 % operations & administration cost
cost comparisons: - Nuclear power 0,08 – 0,13 USD/kWh - Combined cycle gas power plant 0.07 – 0,11 USD/kWh - Electricity whole sales price forecast 0,08 – 0,10 USD/kWh
German and Nordic electricity futures prices
Price trends for oil, coal, gas and CO2 emission allowances
:10 = €c/kWh : 7 = $c/kWh
2009 /2010
The link between electric vehicles and powerThe Smart Grid
GEOCOGEN planning sequence
Detrmination of Team
with Disciplines
Time Schedule
Pre-calculatations
Business Plan Draft
SWOT Analysis
Geologic Surveys
Financing Concept
Feasibilty Checks
Data Analyses
Electrical Engineering
Steam Engineering
Safety Checks
Permit Investigations
Financing
Final Layout
Chemical System
Final Scheduling
Permits & PPA
Vendor Selection
Logistic
Partners (EU etc.)
PPA Signatures
Financing
Site Management
Grid Connection
Company Registration
Commissoning
Start of operation
1st phase pre-
engineering
2nd phase data analysis
field testing
3rd phase
engineering & tendering
4th phase finacing &
implementation
Conclusions and Recommendations
GEOCOGEN is the most economical base load energy system
GEOCOGEN does not harm the health, environment & climate
GEOCOGEN can be installed near the energy consumption
A Swiss-Slovenian interdisciplinary task force is necessary
The EU should support a pilot plant in Slovenia
Engineering can be done in affordable stages
A national start up budget is needed