ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- GYNECOLOGIST- UTERUS- VAGINA- OVARIES- TUBAL LIGATION

By: Maria GarciaMedical TerminologyPresentation 10

Gynecologist: “ The Science of Women”

A gynecologist is a Doctor that deals with the health of the female reproductive system such as the uterus, vagina and ovaries

Almost all gynecologist are Obstetricians. The conditions gynecologist deal with are: -Cancer of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus,

cervix, vagina, and vulva -Amenorrhoea :absent menstrual periods -Dysmenorrhoea: painful menstrual periods -Infertility -Menorrhagia : heavy menstrual periods -Infections of the vagina, cervix and uterus,

including fungal, bacterial and viral

Uterus (Womb)

A pear shaped organ that is bent forward with a thick muscular wall and mucous membrane lining

Tied to the pelvic cavity between bladder and rectum

There are 3 sections to the uterus: fundus, corpus and cervix

The inner layer is known as the endometrium which contains a rich blood supply and provides nourishment and protection for a developing baby

Uterus (Womb)

When a women is delivering a baby her uterus contracts with the thick muscular wall of the uterus, this is known as myometrium

The lining of the uterus nourishes the baby throughout the pregnancy

When there is no established pregnancy a women will begin her menstrual period

Vagina

The vagina is an elastic, muscular canal or tube with a soft, flexible lining that provides lubrication and sensation.

The vagina receives the penis and semen during sexual intercourse and serves as a channel for menstrual flow from the uterus.

During childbirth, the baby passes through the vagina

Contains a thin membrane of tissue called the hymen that surrounds and narrows the vaginal opening. It may be torn or ruptured by sexual activity, tampons or by exercise

Ovaries

A women has 2 ovaries that are the size of an almond. They are located on each side of the uterus within the pelvic bone

Ovaries produce ova and sex hormones

Hormones follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) trigger ovulation

Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone which stimulate the lining of the uterus so it can receive a fertilized ovum

Tubal ligation Is known as having your

tubes tied or tubal sterilization

It is a permanent birth control where the tubes are cut or blocked to permanently prevent pregnancy

It disrupts the movement of the egg to the uterus for fertilization and blocks sperm

It does not affect a women’s menstrual cycle

When can tubal ligation be done? A tubal ligation can be

done at any time, it can be done after childbirth or in combination with another abdominal surgical procedure, such as a C-section. It's possible to reverse a tubal ligation, but reversal requires major surgery and isn't always effective

Why is tubal ligation done? It’s main reason is to prevent pregnancy For some women it decreases the risk

of ovarian cancer It is not appropriate for those who

might want to become pregnant, obese, have severe cardiac or pulmonary disease, have blood-clotting problems, internal abdominal scarring, pre-existing gynecologic conditios, such as irregular periods or abnormally heavy or prolonged periods.

What are the risks of tubal ligation? It is a major surgery and can damage

your bowel, bladder or major blood vessels

Wound infection Pelvic or abdominal pain Risky if you had a previous pelvic or

abdominal surgery History of pelvic inflammatory disease Not recommended if you are obese Not recommended if you are diabetic