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SHOULD I ALWAYS CORRECT MY STUDENTS?

ERROR CORRECTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE EFL CLASSROOM

Teachers should correct every mistake. (False) If I do not correct a mistake while my student is speaking it will affect

communication. (False) Excessive feedback on error will lead to a better prepared class. (False) Correction should be made, otherwise they can create false hypothesis

and fossilize. (True) It is through correction that learning happens, i.e. when a mistake is

made, the teacher should correct it immediately and then repeat the correct version to be learned by the rest of the class. (False)

Teachers should correct students’ errors even if they are beyond the students´ level. (False)

The more a teacher corrects students, the more aware they are of their mistake. (False)


WHAT IS ERROR CORRECTION?


Against error correction For error correction Types of error correction

Teacher- student correction Student – student correction (peer correction) Self - correction


WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH TYPE OF CORRECTION?

Do’s and don’ts of error correction Benefits of self-correction The teacher’s role


Error correction in writing

SP = spelling problem WW = wrong word WO = wrong word order WM = word missing WF = word form T = tense problem P = punctuation problem Par = paragraphing S-V = subject /verb agreement S/P = singular / plural issues Exp = poor expression Ref = problems with reference and cohesion ? = ‘do not understand’


Advantages:

It facilitates in-class peer correction work. Student errors truly become learning opportunities. Instant homework! It supports top-down and inductive learning styles. It cuts down our correcting time. Students are forced to consider what effect their writing has on

others. By focusing on only some of the errors, it’s easier for students to

see recurring errors in their work. It supports structural and sentence level approaches to grammar

teaching.


Disadvantages:

Some students prefer having ‘the answers’. Students may be able to correct ‘slips’ but not ‘errors’. It does not support students with bottom-up learning styles. It clashes with some students learning expectations. Many

students expect a teacher to provide corrections, in the old fashion way.

There may not be a code for every type of error. Sometimes there is more than one problem embedded in an

error. You can easily demotivate a student by putting in too many

codes.


Ways to enhance self-correction

Elicitation Repetition Echoing Write it down Playing Dumb In writing (Codes) Gestures The Red Flag The correction cards


WHAT IS A HOMOPHONE?


ABBA - "MONEY MONEY MONEY"

I work all ________ I work all day, _______ pay the bills I have to pay Ain't it sadAnd ________ ________ never ________ to ________ a single penny left ________ meThat's ________ bad________ my dreams ________ have a planIf I got me a wealthy manI ________ have to work at ________, I'd fool around and have a ________

Money, money, moneyMust be funnyIn the ________ man's worldMoney, money, moneyAlways ________In the ________ man's worldAll the ________ I could doIf I had a little money________ a rich man's world

A man like that is hard to find but I can't get him off my mindAin't it sadAnd if he happens to be free I bet he wouldn't fancy meThat's too badSo I must leave, I'll have to go to Las Vegas or Monaco…

SHOULD I ALWAYS CORRECT MY STUDENTS?knight / night

to / too

steal / still

their / there

seems / seams

be / bee

for / fore

two / too

inn / in

I / eye

would not / wood not

all / awl

bawl / ball

reach / rich

sunny / sonny

rich / reach

thinks / things

it’s / its

Why Students Should Learn to Self-Correct

It trains them to listen to themselves. It helps them take responsibility for their learning. The teacher is not

there to correct them all the time, and the teacher can’t correct every single mistake.

It helps students gain a better awareness of the language. It makes students more autonomous in their learning. It boosts confidence. It allows students to gauge their own problem areas. Some might come

to realize they always make verb tense mistakes. Others might see they need to improve their vocabulary and word choice.


Questions that are very useful to decide whether to let an error go or not

Does the mistake affect communication? Are we concentrating on accuracy at the moment? Is it really wrong? Or is it my imagination? Why did the student make the mistake? Is it the first time the student has spoken for a long time? Could the student react badly to my correction? Have they met this language point in the current lesson? Is it something the students have already met? Is this a mistake that several students are making? Would the mistake irritate someone?


Error correction games

Grammar roulette Pairwork errors dictation Pairwork all kinds of errors dictation Video grammar correction The add errors challenge Pairwork match the errors dictation Stop me when I make a mistake


THANK [email protected]

Taka Yoshi Makino, “Learner self-correction in EFL”

Abdul Majid Khan, “Motivating students through self-correction”, University of the Punjab.

Susana Gómez M. “Should we correct our students in L2 learning?”

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