Music of Canada

Influences

Aboriginals

The French 17th Century

The British 19th Century

• The music of Canada has many influences that have shaped the country

America; because their proximity and immigration between the two countries

Aboriginals

West Coast Salish and Haida

IroquoisBlackfoot

Huron

Inuit and Dene

Innu and Mi'kmaq

Instruments 1

• animal horns into rattles

Instruments 2

• In woodland areas, they made horns of birch bark

Instruments 3

• drumsticks of carved antlers and wood sometimes covered with animal hide

Instruments 4gourds

• Chanting was the most popular way of singing.• These musical instruments provide the background

for songs and led to aboriginal dances.• For many years after Europeans came to Canada; first

Nations and Inuit peoples were discouraged from practicing their traditional ceremonies.

17th Century; New France

• Canada and North America was temporarily and partially colonized by the French and “New France” was the name given by the French to this area during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.

New France

17th Century Canadian Classical Music

French settlers and explorers to New France brought with them a great love of song, dance and fiddle playing.

Beginning in the 1630s French and Aboriginal children at Quebec City were taught to sing and play European instruments, like viols, violins, guitars, transverse flutes, drums, fifes and trumpets.

Canada, New France first formal ball was given by Louis-Théandre Chartier de Lotbinière (1612–1688) on Feb 4 1667.

Louis Jolliet (1645–1700) is on record as one of the first classically trained practicing musicians in New France.

Ecole des Ursulines and The Ursuline Convent are among North America's oldest schools and the first institutions of learning for women in North America.

Both where founded in 1639 by French nunMarie de l'Incarnation (1599–1672) and are the first Canadian institutions to have music as part of the curriculum.

18th Century The French and Indian Wars began and left the

population economically drained and ill-equipped to develop cultural pursuits properly.

Historically, music was composed in Canada's colonies and settlements during the 18th century, but very few works have survived or were even published.

Music publishing and printing did not begin in Canada until the 19th century.

Canadian composers were not able to focus on creating new music in these years, most of them made their living of teaching and leading small orchestras or choirs

Canada's first wildly published sheet music are two operas written in late 18th century by New France composer, poet, and playwright Joseph Quesnel (1746–1809).

In the late 18th century two new instruments “the diatonic harmonica” and “the button accordion” make their appearance in folk-music tradition. God Save the Queen has been sung in Canada since British rule and by the mid-20th century was, along with "O Canada", one of the country's two de facto national anthems.

18th CenturyFrench yielded most part of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763. with the Treaty of Utrecht.

Then France ceded the rest of New France, except the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, to Great Britain and Spain at the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Seven Years War with the Indians.

Britain received the lands east of the Mississippi River, and Spain received the territory to the west - the larger portion of Louisiana-.

In 1800, Spain returned its portion of Louisiana to France under the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso, but French leader Napoleon Bonaparte sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, permanently ending French colonial efforts in North America.

19th century Celtic music

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1890

Appeared the earliest musical societies Halifaxs "New Union Singing Society" of 1809 and Quebec's "Harmonic Society" of 1820

Canadian musical ensembles had started forming in great numbers, writing waltzes, quadrilles, polkas and galops

The Great Migration to Canada from 1815 to 1850 by British and Scottish immigrants, broadened considerably the Canadian music culture.

1844 Samuel Nordheimer opened a music store in Toronto selling pianos and soon his store was among the first and the largest specialized music publisher in the Province of Canada

On July 1, 1867, with passage of the British North America Act, the Dominion of Canada was officially established as a self-governing entity within the British Empire. Wich is celebrated as the Independence of Canada

In the 1870s several conservatories opened their doors, providing the opportunity for any class level of society to learn music.

(1880) "O Canada" was commissioned by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, the Honourable Théodore Robitaille (1834–1897), for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony. Calixa Lavallée (1842–1891) wrote the music,

20th Century• Most recordings purchased by Canadians in the early 19’s

were made by American and British performers, • Behind some of these international hits were Canadian

songwriters. Robert Nathaniel Dett (one of the first Black Canadian composers during the early years of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers)

• In 1925, the Canadian Performing Rights Society was formed to administer public performance and royalties for composers and lyricists.

• It became known as the Composers, Authors and Publishers Association of Canada (CAPAC).

• During the great depression in Canada, the majority of people listened to what today would be called swing (Jazz) just as country was starting its roots

1939 to 1959 appearedCanadian Rock and blues

• 1958 first Canadian rock and roll idol Paul Anka went to New

York City where he auditioned for ABC with the song, Diana.

• This song brought Anka instant stardom as it reached number

one on the US Billboard charts.

• US-born rockabilly pioneer Ronnie Hawkins came to Canada in 1958, where he became a key player in the Canadian blues and rock scene.

• Ronnie was inducted into Canada’s Walk of Fame and his pioneering contribution to rockabilly has been recognized with induction into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.

1960–1999

Canadian artists were forced to turn toward the United States to establish healthy long lasting careers during the 1960sOn January 18, 1971 regulations came into force requiring AM radio stations to devote 30 per cent of their musical selections to Canadian content which contributed to the development of a nascent Canadian pop star systemThe Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences held the first Juno Award ceremony in 1975in 1984 and 1986, both English and French Canadian musicians had outlets to promote all forms of music through video in CanadaCanadian women at the end of the 20th century enjoyed greater international commercial success than ever before

21st Century• The 1971 CRTC rules (30% Canadian content on Canadian radio) led

to an explosion in the 21st century of Canadian pop musicians dominating the airwaves unlike any era before.

• Shortly thereafter, the Internet allowed musicians to directly distribute their music, thus bypassing the selection of the old-fashioned "record label".

• Canada's main stream music industry has suffered as a result of the internet and the boom of independent music.

• The drop in annual sales between 1999 – 2004 was $465 million.

• Because Napster's unauthorized peer-to-peer file sharing service was launched

• In 2007, Canada joined the controversial Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement talks, whose outcome will have a significant impact on the Canadian music industry.

• In 2010 Canada introduced new copyright legislation. The amended law makes hacking digital locks illegal, but enshrine into law the ability of purchasers to record and copy music from a CD to portable devices.