Presentación de PowerPointdocencia.udea.edu.co/cen/mecanismos-evolucion/pdf... · Animals Acanth...
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ANAGÉNESIS
Transcript of Presentación de PowerPointdocencia.udea.edu.co/cen/mecanismos-evolucion/pdf... · Animals Acanth...
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ANAGÉNESIS
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ANAGÉNESIS
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CLADOGÉNESIS
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RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LAS FILOGENIAS
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RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LAS FILOGENIAS
Métodos numéricos: Coeficiente de Jaccard, Coeficiente de Dice, Método UPGMA.
Métodos filogenéticos: Fitch-Margoliash, Wagner, métodos de la Cladística.
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CLADÍSTICA
1. Caracteres plesiomórficos = ancestrales
• Simplesiomórficos: primitivos compartidos en común por varias líneas
2. Caracteres apomórficos: derivados
• Sinapomórficos: derivados y compartidos por varias líneas.
• Autapomórficos: derivados pero no compartidos.
3. Homoplasia: posesión en común por varias líneas del mismo carácter pero no a causa de un ancestro común.
• Convergencia
• Paralelismo
• Reversión
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