PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT

AFFIRMATIVE:

SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS +VERB + ED (or irregular form)

I have sung

She has phoned her sister

NEGATIVE:

SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS +NOT + VERB + ED (or irregular)

They haven’t been here before

INTERROGATIVE:

HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB + ED (or irregular) ?

Have you talked to Tom?

PRESENT PERFECT

Finished actions related with the present. We give more importance to the result than to the time. He has done his homework. (he has finished but we don’t

know when) They have been to London (they are here but we don’t

know when they visited it)

Actions started in the past and JUST finished or stillunfinished I have just arrived. I have always had this house

Actions repeated in the past more than once I have read “The Lord of the Rings” three times

PRESENT PERFECTTIME EXPRESSIONS

FOR + NUMBER + TIME UNITS

For three years, for one minute, for severalmonths, for many weeks

SINCE + TIME POINTS

Since 1992, since Christmas, since the 20th century, since August, since I was born

EVER (interrogative)/ NEVER (affirmative)

Have you ever studied French?

I have never climbed the Everest

YET (interrogative and negative) - END OF SENTENCE

Has the teacher seen the exercises yet?

No, he hasn’t seen them yet.

PRESENT PERFECT

My friend____________to Edinburgh three times. Some years ago he __________English there. Last month he __________some friends in Edinburgh.Unfortunately, I __________ go toEdinburgh with him. This is a pity. Theyare my friends, too, and I ____________ them for ages.

has been

studiedvisited

couldn’t

haven’t seen