PREPOSITIONS

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PREPOSITIONSThe name preposition ( Pre + Position ) means Place before. Prepositions usually come before another word, usually a noun or noun phrase:Definition: A word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to another word is called Preposition.A Preposition is a word or group of words placed before a noun or pronoun to show in what relation a person or thing stand to something else, is called Preposition. CLASSIFICATION OF PREPOSITION

PREPOSITION DENOTING PLACE / POSITION ( In Terms of Distance)

ON Means In touch with surface of any thing

OVER means Not in touch with the surface of any thing.

ABOVE Means A little over the surface of any thing.

IN means Inside of any thing (It Denote Rest)

UNDERMeans on the floor but with in an area covered by any thing.

AGAINST Means Resting against or in touch with

BESIDE Means near but very near to it.

BY Means Near but not just beside.

NEAR Means at short distance

NEARBY

BETWEEN is used in relation with two persons or things.

AMONG is use only in relation with more than two persons or things.

BEFOREMeans in front of any thing.

AFTERMeans Behind of any thing / it refers time.

ACROSS Means Stretching from one place to another

THROUGHMeans Not in specific order but from one side to and other side.

AROUND Means taking a round in full.

ALONG Stretching longitudinally.

AHEAD OF

BEHIND ( Refers To Place)

BELOW

BENEATH

OFF

WITHIN( It is used in sense of before the end of : )

PREPOSITIONS THAT DENOTES DIRECTIONSINTO(It Denotes Motions)

OUT OF

FROM / TO The basic preposition of Direction is To

TO: Signifies Orientation towards a goalWhen the goal is physical, such as a destination, TO is implies movement in the direction of goal:

When the Goal is not Physical place, For Example, an action , TO marks a verb; it is attached as an infinitive and express purpose. The preposition may occur alone or in the phrase in order.

TOWARDS

THROUGH

BY WAY OF

INSIDE

PREPOSITION THAT DENOTES TIME

1. DEFINITE PREPOSITION 2. IN DEFINITE PREPOSITION

DEFINEITE PREPOSITION DENOTES AND EXACT IDEA OF TIME

IN ON FROM SINCE ABOUT TO AT FOR

INDEFINITE PREPOSITION INDEFINITE PREPOSITION DO NOT DENOTE ANY LIMITED TIMEYears ago, Ages ago , Centuries ago

SOME INTERESTING EXTENTIONS OF PREPOSITIONS 1. The battle is on ( ON means in progress) 2. The match is over ( OVER means ha ended ) 3. That is above his means ( ABOVE means more than or beyond) 4. Refuse to work under. ( Under means Sub-ordinate) 5. Sell below the price ( BELOW means less than) 6. His remarks were beneath my notice (BENEATH means unworthy) 7. He is after wealth ( AFTER means in Persuit of ) 8. What are you about. ( ABOUT means doing) 9. He is down these days. ( DOWN Means Depressed) 10. The ideal is through ( THROUGH Means Over)

SOME IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS AND THEIR USES

AT AT WITH PLACES At the Office, At the station , At the gate.

AT WITH SMALL CITIES & VILLAGES At Sargodha , At Jacobabad , At village

AT WITH DIRECTIONS Look at me, Shoot at him, Aim at , Throw at,.

AT WITH DISTANCE At a short Distance , At arms length.

AT WITH TIME At Three in the morning, at 5 o clock

AT WITH AGE At the age of 40 , at the age of 19

WITH CONDITION/ SITUATION At war, At Daggers drawn, At rest,

AT WITH AMOUNT, DEGREE OR RATE At full speed, At 80 kilometer, At High Altitudes.WITH PRICE At Rs. 20 kilo, At profit, At loss.

AT WITH RELATIVE QUALITY OR VALUE At ones best, At cost.

IN

IN WITH PLACE In the street, in the lawn

IN WITH COUNTRIES / PROVINCES / DISTRICTS In Pakistan , In sindh, In Hyderabad,

IN WITH DIRECTIONS In the north, in this direction, in east

IN WITH THE BREAK OF TIME In 1943 , In winter, in

IN WITH CONDITION / SITUATION In fever, In tears, In pain, In comfort

IN WITH THE MEANING OF IN In cold, In dark, in pocket

IN WITH INCLUSION WITHIN SOMETHING ABSTRACT OR IMMORTALIn politics, In the autumn,

IN WITH OBJECT/ PURPOSE Speaking in honor of the event, IN WITH LIMITATION OR QUALIFICATION, AS OF SITUATIONAL, CONDITIONAL, RELATION, MANNER, ACTION, ETCTo speak in whisper, To be similar in appearance

The other two prepositions of direction are compounds formed by adding TO to the corresponding preposition of location.

The prepositions of location determines the meaning of the preposition of direction

ONTO ON+ TO = onto: signifies movement toward a surface

IN + TO = into : signifies movement toward the interior of a volume.

( TO is part of the directional preposition toward, and the two mean about the same thing.)

INTO

IN WITH THE MEANING OF IN BUT WITH MOVING VERBGo into the room , move into the house , jump into the river.

ON ON WITH PLACE On the table, on the roof , on the desk

ON WITH DAY DATE AND TIMEOn a hot day, On Saturday, on 10th April

ON IN MEANING OF CONCERNED WITH OR ABOUTLecture on History. A book on Islamiat.

ON WITH DIRECTION On the Northside. On the sea side,

ON IN MEANING OF NEAROn the main road, on the riverbank

OVER

IN MEANING OF EXACT ON / UPON The picture is over the clock

ABOVE

WITH THE LEVEL Above the sea level, above the tree.

IN MEANING OF DOMINANCY Above meanness, IN MEANING OF MORE Above six thousands

ABOVE BUT SEPARATE Above the book shelf.

UNDER

IN MEANING OF EXACT UNDER OR BELOW Under the table

IN MEANING OF SUBORDINATE He is working under me.

BELOW

IN OPPOSITE MEANING OF ABOVE Below six thousands

DOWN IN MEANING OF TO GO FROM UP TO DOWN Water is flowing down the side of a cliff.

UP IN MEANING OF UP AND GOING FOREWAD Go up the stairs, Climb up the tree, Walk up the road.

TO IN MEANING OF TOWARD DIRECTION Go to the school, Go to the Sukkur, Go the station

WITH TIME A quarter to six

FROM THIS TIME TO THAT TIME From Sunday to Monday

FROM THIS PLACE TO THAT PLACE From Karachi to Lahore, From First to Last, From Highest to lowest.

AGAINST

WITH SOMETHING Against the wall

IN MEANING OF OPPOSITION Swim against the current

ACROSS FROM INE SIDE TO ANOTHER Across the river, across the road,

THROUGH,

FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER Pass through the jungle

IN MEANING OF WITH THE HELP OF I got message through Aslam

WITH THE WAY Through the Khyber pass

INSIDE

IN MEANING OF IN Inside the city , inside the house

OUTSIDE IN MEANING OF OUT Outside the house

OFF NOT GIVEN Take off ones capOff the road

ALONG WITH SOMETHING Along the wall , along the road, IN MEANING OF WITH / TOGETHER Along with her brother

BEYOND FAR ACCORDING TO DISTANCE Beyond Quetta , beyond the River Indus

FAR FROM REACH AND THINKING Beyond the understanding,

IN MEANING OF HIGH Beautiful beyond description

UPON INFRONT OF MOVING THINGS She sat upon camels back

BETWEEN FOR TWO PERSONS OR THINGSThe old man divided his property between Ali and Ahemd.

AMONG FOR TWO OR MORE THAN TWO THINGS The old man divided his property among his sons.

BESIDE IN MEANING OF NEAR Beside the post office , beside me

BESIDES IN MEANING OF EXCEPT He gave me a pen besides a pencil, Besides books he has few bats.

BY IN MEANING OF LIVING THING Malhaar was killed by a lion. He was helped by me.

IN MEANING OF NON LIVING THINGS By bus ,By car

WITH

WITH NON LIVING THINGS He killed a snake with this stick She cut apples with this knife.

FOR

TO SHOW TIME For two years, For Two hours

SINCE TO SHOW EXACT TIME Since morning , since last Monday

Prepositions

A preposition is a word that shows the spatial (space), temporal (time), or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. The words above, near, at, by, after, with and from are prepositions.

aboveAbove means over or higher. The cloud is above the mountain.

aroundWhen something is around something, it is near or close to it.

behindWhen you are behind something, you are to the back of it.

betweenWhen something is between, it is located in a position separating two other items.

inThe bird is in the cage.

in front ofThe girl on the right is in front of the bricks.

insideThe bird is inside the cage.

onThe vase is on the table.

outHe is going out the door.

outsideWhen you are outside, you are not in a building or other structure.

overThe cloud is over the mountain.

underThe cat is under the table.

withWith means.in the company of or having. The children above are with each other.