PREPARING AND SUBMITTING YOUR PAPER Ian W Jones MPAS, PA-C, CCPA, Managing Editor JCANPA Rebecca Mueller, MSc, PA-C Editor JCANPA

This Scholar and Communicator session is to aide participants in preparing submissions and achieving publication. Specific objectives include:

Recalling where and how to share knowledge in the PA world; Describe the editorial process in JCANPA; and Develop an appreciation for the provided guide to authors.

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CONFLICT STATEMENT

Employee of the University of Manitoba (Journal Sponsor). Assistant Professor, Program Director Master of Physician Assistant Studies and Managing Editor Journal of Canada’s Physician Assistants No commercial interests

@ianjonesMPAS Let me tell you a little story

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Do you think what you do makes a difference?

Physician assistants in Canada: Update on health policy initiatives

Ian W. Jones, MPAS, PA-C, CCPA

Roderick S. Hooker, PhD, PA

Can Fam Physician. 2011 Mar; 57(3): e83–e88

• Cited by at least 23 Articles

• Eliseo Orrantia, Stephanie St Amand: Establishing and growing the scope of practice of physician assistants

• Sarah Bowen, Ingrid Botting, et al Potential of physician assistants to support primary care: Evaluating their introduction at 6 primary care and family medicine sites.

• Maureen T. Taylor, D. Wayne Taylor, Kristen Burrows, et al: Qualitative study of employment of physician assistants by physicians: Benefits and barriers in the Ontario health care system

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What is a medical journal good for? Canadian Family Physician September 2017, 63 (9) 662

“We must dare to think about unthinkable things because when things become unthinkable, thinking

stops and action becomes mindless.

"James William Fulbright"

It may surprise you that in general Medical Journals are less effective at changing medical practices as they are at generating thoughts around our society

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Former editor of the BMJ, Richard Smith

Rated medical journals highly (9/10) for the very thing we least expect them to do: putting issues on the agenda—for example, the social determinants of health, climate change, and the effects of colonization on the health of Indigenous people.

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Why do we write? To Share Knowledge

• Multidisciplinary Cancer Care: Development of an Infectious Diseases Physician Assistant Workforce at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

• Candice N. White, MPAS, PA-C, Roy A. Borchardt, PhD, PA-C, Mary L. Mabry, PA-C, Kathleen M. Smith, MPAS, PA-C, Victor E. Mulanovich, MD, and Kenneth V. Rolston, MD

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The PA Journey - A Canadian Perspective. A Blog is not peer review but opinion

• Total Page views 116,033

http://eden-pa.blogspot.ca/2017/10/what-makes-great-supervising-physician.html

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Canadian Physician Assistant No matter how well informed

YOUR GUIDE TO PA PRACTICE IN CANADA Learn about the Physician Assistant profession in Canada. Launch your PA career with our free resources!

Take Home Message

Canadian PAs need to perform research and write about what we do and the difference it makes, because no one else will.

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Open Access Medical Journals

• “scholarly journals that are available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.“

• Suber, Peter. "Open Access Overview". Retrieved 29 November 2014

https://benthamopen.com/MEDJ/home/

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Journal of Canada’s Physician Assistants JCANPA.ca

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Open Access http://bmjopen.bmj.com/

Marijke J C Timmermans, Geert T van den Brink, Anneke J A H van Vught, Eddy Adang, et al

Wrote:

The involvement of physician assistants in inpatient care in hospitals in the Netherlands: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Conclusions: This study suggests that the cost-effectiveness on wards managed by PAs, in collaboration with MDs, is similar to the care on wards with traditional house staffing. The involvement of PAs may reduce personnel costs, but not overall healthcare costs. Trial registration number NCT01835444.

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• Original research

• Review Articles

• Clinical Case Studies

• Perspective

• Book Reviews

• Lay Summaries

• Creative Work

• Vol 1 Edition 1 July 1, 2018

• Hosted by Neil John McLean Health Sciences Library and the Max Rady College of Medicine Open Access Journal Service

• Peer Reviewed

• Open Submission Policy

• First Month over 1,000 downloads of articles

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JCANPA’s General Principals

• Research Format and a structured abstracts required

• Different sections with different rules

• Authors need to prepare their papers and abstracts in the format specified

• Authors and editors will work revisions and reviews to ensure that information is consistent in both places, however the Managing Editor has final call and takes responsibility

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General Principals reporting original research

• Papers need to follow “IMRAD” structure

• Research divided into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections

• Not an arbitrary format but a reflection of the process of scientific discovery

• Formatting allows subheadings within sections to further organize content

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Stick to the context-content-conclusion (C-C-C) scheme • Memorable stories have a structure with a discernible beginning, a

well-defined body, and an end.

• The beginning sets up the context for the story,

• The body (content) advances the story towards an ending in which the problems find their conclusions.

• This structure reduces the chance ““So what?” and ends with a conclusion

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• When reviewing prior to saying done, ask:

Is there a hypothesis?

Are the methods used the best ones to answer the hypothesis?

Are the data clearly presented and analyzed correctly?

Does a statistician need to review this manuscript?

Are the conclusions supported by the results?

Is the discussion succinct?

Does it add to the body of knowledge?

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Abstract

• Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses require structured abstracts.

• Provide context or background, the study's purpose, basic procedures, main findings, and principal conclusions.

• Often the only substantive portion of the article indexed

• (Perhaps) Most people read only the abstract and judge your work

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Tell a complete story in the abstract

• Abstracts for most readers are the only part of the paper that will be read.

• First sentence orients the reader by introducing the broader field in which the particular research is situated

• Successful context section sets the stage for distinguishing the paper’s contributions from the current state of the art by communicating what is missing in the literature (i.e., the specific gap) and why that matters

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Ethics

• Methods must include a statement that the research was approved or exempted from an Ethics Review

• If no ethics committee, a statement indicating research conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki needs to be included.

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Selection and Description of Participants

• Describe the selection of participants

• Eligibility and exclusion criteria

• Describe the source population (age, sex, or ethnicity)

• If exclusive population, e.g. only one sex, justify why,

• Authors should define how they measured race or ethnicity and justify their relevance

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Results

• Present your results in logical sequence

• Do not repeat all the data in the tables or figures in the text;

• Only the most important observations.

• Provide data on all primary and secondary outcomes identified in the Methods Section.

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Unless math paper – Avoid

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Reference Style and Format

JCANPA uses Vancouver style which is a brief name for the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals and which works on the same principles as the National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation Citation information must appear in two places. • First, it must appear in the text of your paper at the point

where the borrowed fact or idea appears. • Secondly, you are required to include a complete list of sources

at the end of the paper.

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https://www.bcit.ca/files/library/pdf/bcit-vancouverstyle.pdf GENERAL CITATION IN TEXT

Smaller pediatric blood collection tubes can be used to minimize blood loss. (1)

In the end note of citation for a Single author

• Laudicina RJ. Searching for hereditary hemochromatosis. Clin Lab Sci. 2006 Summer; 19(3):174–183.

• Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Abbreviated Title of Journal. Date of Publication; Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers

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• Does it explain the results in relationship to the current literature?

• Are all the tables and figures useful and understandable?

• Does the abstract reflect the manuscript correctly?

• Does the information in the What’s known/What’s new section reflect the manuscript correctly?

• Can you see yourself or your colleagues citing this article in your own writing on a similar subject?

When Reviewing Your Paper, ask:

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Submission

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Initial Review

• Once a manuscript is submitted, the journal’s editorial staff does a preliminary review and decides whether to send the manuscript to external peer reviewers.

• If an article is rejected without review, the authors should identify a different journal that might be a better fit, update the manuscript to match the writing style and formatting requirements of the new target journal, and submit to the new journal as soon as possible.

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External Review Results

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Seven Tips http://www.scientifica.uk.com/neurowire/7-tips-to-get-your-first-paper-published-in-a-journal

1. Tell a Story

2. Write first, edit later

3. Choose the Right Journal

4. Explain why your work is important

5. A Picture is worth a Thousand Words

6. Read, Read, Read and then Read more

7. If at first your don’t succeed . . .

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In Conclusion

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Any Clarity or Suggestions requested?

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