Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello,...
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![Page 1: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi
Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng
March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi
Aflatoxin Outlook in Mozambique
![Page 2: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
![Page 3: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Late 1970’s – Intake of aflatoxin contaminated food, especially from groundnut, linked to high prevalence of liver cancer in Southern Mozambique
Late 1990’s to date – Rejection of groundnut and groundnut products by the EU for exceeding aflatoxin legal limits
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Background Information about aflatoxins in MozambiqueNotifications of Mozambican groundnut products by EU market:
Date Product type Notification type Subject
5/2/2007 food alert aflatoxins (B1 = 12; Tot. = 14.2 µg/kg - ppb) in peanut kernels from Mozambique
3/19/2007 food information aflatoxins (B1 = 44.6; Tot. = 57.0 µg/kg - ppb) in groundnuts from Mozambique
6/11/2007 food information aflatoxins (B1 = 4.8; Tot. = 7.5 µg/kg - ppb) in groundnut kernels from Mozambique via the United Kingdom and via the Netherlands
4/7/2009 food border rejection aflatoxins (B1 = 34.5; Tot. = 52.2 / B1 = 3.1; Tot. = 3.6 µg/kg - ppb) in peanuts from Mozambique
4/7/2009 food border rejection aflatoxins (B1 = 6.7; Tot. = 18.9 / B1 = 0.9; Tot. = 4.6 / B1 = 1.9; Tot. = 4.4 µg/kg - ppb) in peanuts from Mozambique
12/30/2009 feed information aflatoxins (B1 = 120 mg/kg - ppm) in groundnuts for birdseed from Mozambique
Source: RASFF portal, 2011
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Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Late 1970’s – Intake of aflatoxin contaminated food, especially from groundnut, linked to high prevalence of liver cancer in Southern Mozambique
Late 1990’s to date – Rejection of groundnut and groundnut products by the EU for exceeding aflatoxin legal limits
Survey in 2013 – identification of aflatoxin hot-spot areas for maize and groundnut in central and northern Mozambique (USAID-Moz grant)
![Page 6: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
![Page 7: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in MozambiqueAccording to FAO (1994) – There are aflatoxin
regulations in Mozambique (but not enforced)
Universidade Lurio (UniLurio) in northern Mozambique – Aflatoxin testing and monitoring for different crops (but the lab is not accredited)
Madal Ltd in central Mozambique – private company working with some 3,000 groundnut farmers (sorting and aflatoxin testing for the farmers)
![Page 8: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
![Page 9: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Aflatoxin surveillance in Mozambique Conducted at harvest, May-June, 2013
In Northern and Central regions, but with emphasis to Nacala Corridor
Selection criteria for the locations: (a) maize and groundnut in the same area (but sampling will be as far as possible from each sampling point); (b) number of districts in each province; (c) distribution in altitude; (d) cropping systems; and (e) accessibility
Materials: “Sampling procedures” for survey, “Sampling questionnaires” for each survey group, colored-printed and laminated mycotoxin factsheets in Portuguese, GPS handsets, etc
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Objectives of the surveillance
Estimate magnitude of aflatoxins
Determine geographic distribution of aflatoxins
Facilitate planning
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Determine magnitude of aflatoxins
n=283
n=307
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Determine magnitude of aflatoxins
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Distribution of aflatoxins: by region
Crop RegionFrequency of aflatoxin negatives
(%)
Frequency of aflatoxin
positives
(%)
Aflatoxin concentration
range
(ppb)
Groundnut NORTHERN 40.7
(n=110)59.3
(n=137)
0.0 – 5,673.5
CENTRAL 33.3
(n=12)
66.7
(n=24)
0.0 – 710.7
Maize NORTHERN 47.1
(n=111)52.9
(n=92)
0.0 – 687.1
CENTRAL 40.0
(n=45)
60.0
(n=62)
0.0 – 160.1
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Distribution of aflatoxins: by province
Crop Province
Freq. aflatoxin negatives
(%)
Freq. aflatoxin positives
(%)
Aflatoxin concentration range
(ppb)
Groundnut
NIASSA 53.8 (n=14) 46.2 (n=12) 0.0 – 5,673.5NAMPULA 45.7 (n=91) 54.3 (n=108) 0.0 – 3,121.2ZAMBEZIA 46.2 (n=6) 53.8 (n=7) 0.0 – 710.7CABO DELGADO 22.7 (n=5) 77.3 (n=17) 0.0 – 83.4MANICA 28.6 (n=2) 71.4 (n=5) 0.0 – 9.0TETE 25.0 (n=4) 75.0 (n=12) 0.0 – 6.0
Maize
NAMPULA 58.0 (n=69) 42.0 (n=50) 0.0 – 687.1ZAMBEZIA 52.8 (n=19) 47.2 (n=17) 0.0 – 160.1CABO DELGADO 26.3 (n=5) 73.7 (n=14) 0.0 – 133.5NIASSA 56.9 (n=37) 43.1 (n=28) 0.0 – 117.0TETE 34.0 (n=18) 66.0 (n=35) 0.0 – 46.8MANICA 33.3 (n=5) 66.7 (n=10) 0.0 – 27.0
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Distribution of aflatoxins: by levels% g’dnut samples at harvest (n=283) % maize samples at harvest (n=307)
crop Frequency aflatoxin at harvest in Northern region (%)
Frequency aflatoxin at harvest in Central region (%)
4 ppb 20 ppb 20 ppb 4 ppb 20 ppb 20 ppb
G’dnut 63.2 (n=156)
75.7 (n=187)
24.3 (n=60)
66.7 (n=24)
94.4 (n=34)
5.6 (n=2)
Maize 69.5 (n=141)
96.6 (n=196)
3.4 (n=7)
51.9 (n=54)
91.3 (n=95)
8.7 (n=9)
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Awareness raising about aflatoxins
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Outline
Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
![Page 18: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Identifying, selecting atoxigenic strains for aflatoxin biocontrol More than 400 atoxigenic L-strains of Aspergillus
flavus identified from maize and groundnut
Most competitive and widely distributed atoxigenic strains, with no toxigenic member in their VCG groups, will be selected
Selected 8-12 VCG strains to be formulated in aflasafe-Moz biocontrol products for testing in farmers’ fields in 2014 crop growing season
![Page 19: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
![Page 20: Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi Aflatoxin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b64f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gaps to be addressed
Infrastructure and human capacity building, polices
Equipping and certifying laboratories
Recruiting and training Mozambican technicians and students
Awareness raising
Advocacy, regulations and enforcement
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Donors & Partners
Dr. Peter Cotty – USDA-FAS at University of Arizona-Tucson