Prepared by : Zainab Hmito Fatima Akouaou

Introduction Traditional grammar Linguistics

The differences: Schools of linguistics

The characteristics: Weaknesses Strengths

Conclusion

Introduction

Traditional grammar The approach to language which was

developed through: Greeks Roman Arabo-Islamic scholarshipThe Middle Agesthe Renaissance…

Linguistics:

The scientific study of language. According to Fatima Sadiqi and Moha Ennaji (1999):

“linguistics has two major goals :

1)-bringing our unconscious knowledge of language to the level of consciousness by familiarizing us with this linguistic knowledge.

2)-studying how the different units of language are combined and how they operate in the human brain.”

Components of linguistics:It can be subdivided into five major

components : Phonetics: The study of the characteristics of speech

sounds. Phonology: The study of speech sounds of a

language and the way they are combined to form words.

Morphology: The study of the structure ,forms and classes of words .

Syntax: The study of sentence structure. Semantics:

Schools of linguisticsThe structuralist school

Ferdinand de Saussure, Leonard Bloomfield. language is a structure that can be studied independently

from other aspects of human behavior.The functionalist school

M.A.K Halliday,John Searl Both structure and function must be taken into account to

understand the nature of language.The mentalist school

Noam Chomsky “Primarily ,I am intrigued by the possibility of learning

somethingFrom the study of language ,that will bring to light

inherentproperties of the human mind”.

Noam Chomsky.

Differences

Differences Between Traditional Grammar and Linguistics Traditional grammar LinguisticsT.G study language in

relation to other disciplines.

study is not an autonomous subject.

T.G explains how features of

language are related to the human beings.

Linguistics study language as a complex and organized system of communication.

Language study is an autonomous subject.

Linguistics explains how features of language are related to each other.

Traditional grammar linguisticsT.G pays more attention

to the written form of the

language

T.G is prescriptive.

T.G is interested more in syntax.

Linguistics puts emphasis on the spoken medium.

Linguistics is descriptive.

Linguistics has a brooder scope for research.

TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR

LINGUISTICST.G puts emphasis on

grammar than on any other aspect of the language.

T.G deals with language mostly from the diachronic point of view.

No notational conventions were used.

Linguistics analyses all the aspects of language.

Linguistics assumes that synchronic study has a priority over diachronic study.

Specific notational conventions used to refer to the data of language .

Characteristics

Strengths & Weaknesses

Strengths: Traditional grammarDistinctions: It distinguishes rational, emotional,

and conventional types of discourse in theory, if not in grammatical practice.

Through It, ordinary students and scholars have mastered many languages successfully for centuries.

Strengths: Traditional grammar

It is well understood, and applied by most of those who teach it and have studied it.

Strengths: LinguisticsEmpirical: A study that examines speech and writing forms

through a justifiable operation.

Objectivity: All the languages are equal.

Universality: All the languages share aspects beside their

uniqueness.

Weaknesses: Traditional grammarInconsistency : Its rules are based frequently on illogical

ground.Exclusion : It excludes usages which are not applicable to

it rules by referring to it as : “ungrammatical”, “exceptions”, “idioms”,…

Subjectivity : Some languages are more sophisticated and

cultured than other.

Weaknesses: Linguistics

It has produced no complete grammars comparing to the exhaustive treatments by the traditional methods. Concentrating on critical studies of how grammars should be written.

Only description of language was the concern of linguistics, however, this situation has changed in recent years.

Conclusion

References:Newmeyer, FJ. (ed.) (1988) Linguistics: The

Cambridge Survey. Cambridge: C.U.P.Robins, R.H.(1967). A short History of

Linguistics. London: Longmans.Fatima Sadiqi, Moha Ennaji.(1999).Introduction

To Modern Linguistics. Afrique-Orient.

Thank you!!