Preparations for War
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Transcript of Preparations for War
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PREPARATIONS FOR WAR
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FOCUS QUESTION:Explain the best way to handle bullies.
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TOTALITARIAN STATESSoviet Union (Stalin)
• Dominated by the CommunistsItaly (Mussolini)
• Dominated by the FascistsGermany (Hitler)
• Dominated by the Nazi PartyJapan (Military Leaders)
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RISE OF NAZI GERMANYNazism built on a strong sense of German destiny
• All Germans should live in one country• Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer • One People, One Country, One Leader
• Germans (Aryans) a “Master Race”, destined to rule
• To thrive, Germans needed living space (Lebensraum)
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NAZI RISE TO POWERAttempted abortive putsch in 1923
• Armed revolt did not work• Ideas outlined in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• Use democratic means to suborn democracy
Played on desperation of the German people• “stabbed In the back by traitors”• Promised economic stability• Promised greatness
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GAINED POPULARITYUse of simple arguments and nationalist imagery
• Continued to gain seats in the Reichstag• By 1932, the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag
Nazis demanded Hitler be appointed Chancellor (Head of Government)
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SEIZED CONTROLReichstag fire, February 1933
• Used as an excuse to take power• Banned left-wing political parties• Passed the Enabling Act, giving
the cabinet legislative powerAssumed control
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EXPANSIONSlowly overturned Versailles• Reoccupied the Rhineland (1936)• Rebuilt German army• Anschluss (unification) of Austria (1938)• Turned sights of the Sudetenland
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APPEASEMENTLargely German district in Czechoslovakia
• Germany demanded the region• Czechoslovakia refused
Conference held in Munich in 1938• Britain and France agreed to the transfer• “Peace in our time”
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PROMISE BROKENMarch 1939: Germany annexed the rest of the countryAugust 1939: Nonaggression Pact with USSR
• Secret agreement to divide Poland• Shocked the world
September 1, 1939: Germany invasion of Poland
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SPLENDID ISOLATIONU.S. retreated to isolationism after WWI
• U.S. disgust with the war• Strong sense of anti-military fervor• Perception that U.S. interest weren’t at risk
U.S. refused to take role in League of Nations
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RISE OF BELLIGERENT POWERSAs war threatened, many became concernedFear of U.S. involvementSenate hearings on World War I
• War blamed on arms manufacturersTook steps to prevent
the U.S. involvement
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NEUTRALITY ACTSDesigned to keep U.S. from war
1935: No arms sales to belligerent nations1936: No loans or credit to belligerent nations1937: U.S. could not ship goods to belligerents
Tied the hands of the U.S.
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FDR’S EFFORTSFDR and his cabinet recognized the threatPrepare the U.S. for involvement
• Quarantine Speech 1937• Cash-and-Carry 1939• Lend-Lease 1940
Atlantic Charter August 1941
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PEARL HARBORJapanese attack brings U.S. into the warU.S. sets strategy in motion
• Initial outrage against Japan• Determined to defeat Germany first