Preparation Course for the TOEFL* Test - Willkommen Course for the TOEFL* Test ... Longman TOEFL®...
Transcript of Preparation Course for the TOEFL* Test - Willkommen Course for the TOEFL* Test ... Longman TOEFL®...
SecondEdition
Preparation Coursefor the
TOEFL* Test
DEBORAH PHILLIPSULB Darmstadt
Illlllllllllllllllllllll16875325
PEARSON
Longman
TOEFL® is the registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This publication is not endorsedor approved by ETS. No endorsement of this publication by Educational Testing Service should be inferred.
CONTENTSINTRODUCTION xv
SECTION ONE: READING 1READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST: 2
Aggression 3
READING OVERVIEW 8
READING SKILLS 10
VOCABULARY AND REFERENCE 10SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT 10
Reading Exercise 1 13Smog 13Autism 14Parasitic Plants 15Edna Ferber 16
SKILL 2 RECOGNIZE REFERENTS 17Reading Exercise 2 19
Animal Congregation 19Chromium Compounds 20New World Epidemics 21Horatio Alger, Jr. 22
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 23Coral Colonies 23
SENTENCES 26
SKILL 3 SIMPLIFY MEANINGS OF SENTENCES 26Reading Exercise 3 28
Camouflage 28Post-it® Notes 29The Pulitzer Prize 31Competition and Cooperation 33
SKILL 4 INSERT SENTENCES INTO THE PASSAGE 35Reading Exercise 4 37
Popcorn 37Lions 38Accidental Inventions 39Uranium 40
Reading Exercise (Skills 3-4) 41Theodore Dreiser 41
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-4) 45Pulsars 45
in
DETAILS 49
SKILL 5 FIND FACTUAL INFORMATION 49Reading Exercise 5 51
Lake Baikal 51The Postage Stamp 52The Clovis Culture 53Brown Dwarfs 54
SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND NEGATIVE FACTS 56Reading Exercise 6 59
Flatfish 59Limestone Caves 60Wrigley's Chewing Gum 61Dissociative Identity Disorder 62
Reading Exercise (Skills 5-6) 63John Muir 63
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-6) 66Caretaker Speech 66
INFERENCES 70
SKILL 7 MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS 70Reading Exercise 7 72
Tiger Moths 72The Cambrian Explosion 73The Golden Age of Comics 74The Filibuster 75
SKILL 8 INFER RHETORICAL PURPOSE 76Reading Exercise 8 78
Xerography 78Demographic Change 79The Hubble Telescope 80Territoriality 82
Reading Exercise (Skills 7-8) 83Ella Deloria 83
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) 87Early Autos 87
READING TO LEARN 91
SKILL 9 SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATION 91Reading Exercise 9 94
Island Plant Life 94Ben and Jerry 95The Bald Eagle 96Modernism in Art 97
SKILL 10 COMPLETE SCHEMATIC TABLES 98Reading Exercise 10 101
Sand Dunes 101A Surprising Connection 102Carnivorous Plants 103William Faulkner 104
iv CONTENTS
Reading Exercise (Skills 9-10) 105Species 105
Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-10) 107Decisions 107
READING POST-TEST 111Aquatic Schools 112
SECTION TWO: LISTENING 117
LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 118A Problem with a Class 119Sleep 121
LISTENING OVERVIEW 123
LISTENING SKILLS 125
BASIC COMPREHENSION 125
SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND THE GIST 125Listening Exercise 1 128
An Engineering Course 128The Grade Report 128Lakes 129Meteorology 129
SKILL 2 UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS 130Listening Exercise 2 133
A Parking Sticker 133A Drama Class 134Early Teachers 135Iron Pyrite 136
Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 137An Anthropology Paper 137
PRAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING 139
SKILL 3 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION 139Listening Exercise 3 143
• ' The Library 143The Transcript 144The Opossum 145Venus 146
SKILL 4 UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKER'S STANCE 148Listening Exercise 4 152
Course Load 152A Questionnaire 153Iroquois Houses 154Hail 155
Listening Exercise (Skills 3-4) 156The Fugio Coin 156
Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-4) 158Hibernation 158
CONTENTS
CONNECTING INFORMATION 160
SKILL 5 UNDERSTAND THE ORGANIZATION 160Listening Exercise 5 164
Tropism 164Fossils 165Clarence Darrow 166Fractures 167
SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS 168Listening Exercise 6 170
A Placement Test 170A Term Paper 170Conifers 171Presentation 172
Listening Exercise (Skills 5-6) 173The Outer Banks 173
Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-6) 175Leaf Arrangements 175
LISTENING POST-TEST 177The Music Project 178The Great Lakes 180
SECTION THREE: SPEAKING i83SPEAKING DIAGNOSTIC PRETEST 184
A Good Teacher 185Vacation Preferences 185Registering for Classes 186Nonverbal Communication 187A Problem in French Class 188Echolocation 188
SPEAKING OVERVIEW 189
SPEAKING SKILLS 192
INDEPENDENT TASKS 192
° SKILL 1 PLAN THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 192Speaking Exercise 1 193
Characteristics of a Good Neighbor 193Your Favorite Holiday 193Which Person Helped the Most 194Ten Million Dollars 194Your Dream House 194Your Favorite Food 194Characteristics of a Good Parent 195Where You Want to Live 195The Person You Want to Meet 195Where You Will Take the TOEFL Test 195
vi CONTENTS
SKILL 2 MAKE THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 196Speaking Exercise 2 197Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 197
Your Job 197Driver Age 197Student Excuses 197Your Favorite Day 197Government Changes 197
SKILL 3 PLAN THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 197Speaking Exercise 3 199
Large or Small Class 199Dinner at Home or Dinner Out 199Marriage Before or After Age Thirty 199Preferred Type of Exams 200Trip by Plane or Train 200Big City or Small Town 200Study Alone or with Friends 200Play or Watch Sports 201Opera or a Football Game 201TOEFL Test or a Math Test 201
SKILL 4 MAKE THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 202Speaking Exercise 4 203Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 3-4) 203
Teacher Mistakes 203Taking Chances or Playing It Safe 203Career Choices 203Decision Making 203Obeying Parents 203
INTEGRATED TASKS (READING AND LISTENING) 204
SKILL 5 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 204Speaking Exercise 5 205
Bicycle Parking on Campus 205A Professor's Retirement 205Part of a Class Syllabus 206
SKILL 6 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 206Speaking Exercise 6 208
Bicycle Parking on Campus 208A Professor's Retirement 208Part of a Class Syllabus 209
SKILL 7 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 209Speaking Exercise 7 211
SKILL 8 MAKE THE RESPONSE 212Speaking Exercise 8 213Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 5-8) 213
History Syllabus 213
CONTENTS Vii
SKILL 9 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 214Speaking Exercise 9 215
The Dead Sea 215Polling 215The Polynesian Migration 216
SKILL 10 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 216Speaking Exercise 10 217
The Dead Sea 217Polling 218The Polynesian Migration 218
SKILL 11 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 219Speaking Exercise 11 220
SKILL 12 MAKE THE RESPONSE 221Speaking Exercise 12 222Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 9-12) 222
The Equity Theory 222
INTEGRATED TASKS (LISTENING) 223
SKILL 13 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 223Speaking Exercise 13 225
Choosing a Professor 225Study Habits 225An Independent Study Project 226
SKILL 14 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 227Speaking Exercise 14 228
SKILL 15 MAKE THE RESPONSE 229Speaking Exercise 15 230Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 13-15) 230
Bored in Class 230
SKILL 16 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 231Speaking Exercise 16 232
The Bank Holiday of 1933 232Creativity 233The Amazon River 233
SKILL 17 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 234Speaking Exercise 17 235
SKILL 18 MAKE THE RESPONSE 236Speaking Exercise 18 237Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 16-18) 237
SAD 237
SPEAKING POST-TEST 238An Admirable Person 239Getting News 239A Cafeteria Problem 240Social Environments 241A Class Schedule Problem 242Life on Mars 242
viii CONTENTS
SECTION FOUR: WRITING 243WRITING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 244
Human Memory 245A News Story 246
WRITING OVERVIEW 247
WRITING SKILLS 249
INTEGRATED TASK 249
SKILL 1 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 249Writing Exercise 1 251
Homeschooling 251Polysemy 251Margaret Mead's Research 252
SKILL 2 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 253Writing Exercise 2 255
Homeschooling 255Polysemy 256Margaret Mead's Research 256
SKILL 3 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 257Writing Exercise 3 259
SKILL 4 WRITE A TOPIC STATEMENT 260Writing Exercise 4 262
SKILL 5 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON READING PASSAGES 263Writing Exercise 5 264
SKILL 6 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON LISTENING PASSAGES 265Writing Exercise 6 267
SKILL 7 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 268Writing Exercise 7 269
Management Styles 269Earthquake Waves 269
SKILL 8 REVIEW GRAMMAR 270• , Writing Exercise 8 270
American English Spelling 270Aversive Conditioning 271
Writing Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) 272Stonehenge 272
CONTENTS IX
INDEPENDENT TASK 273
SKILL 9 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 273Writing Exercise 9 274
Relieving Stress 274A Famous Place to Visit 274Actions or Words 275Yourself Today and Five Years Ago 275Team or Individual Sports 275The Best Age to Marry 275Characteristics of a Good Teacher 276Haste Makes Waste 276Learning a New Language 276The TOEFL Test 276
SKILL 10 WRITE THE INTRODUCTION 277Writing Exercise 10 278
SKILL 11 WRITE UNIFIED SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 281Writing Exercise 11 283
SKILL 12 CONNECT THE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 284Writing Exercise 12 285
SKILL 13 WRITE THE CONCLUSION 287Writing Exercise 13 288
SKILL 14 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 290Writing Exercise 14 291
Team Sports 291
SKILL 15 REVIEW GRAMMAR 292Writing Exercise 15 293
University and High School Studies 293Writing Review Exercise (Skills 9-15) 293
Emotions 293
WRITING POST-TEST 294Unintended Consequences 295Safe or Sorry 296
MINI-TESTS 297
MINI-TEST 1 297ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
Migration 298Science Lab 303The Little House Books 305Leader of the Country 308History Films 308Formation of Glaciers 309Garlic 311
CONTENTS
MINI-TEST 2 313ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
MINI-TEST 3 329ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
MINI-TEST 4 345ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
MINI-TEST 5 361ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
MINI-TEST 6 377ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
Birth Order 314Confused Assignment 319Cross-Dating 321Getting Up Early 324Leadership Roles 324Meeting on Exam Schedule 325Historical Event 327
Ketchup 330Biology Class 335Gem Cuts 337Hometown 341Library Rules 341Split Infinitives 342Scientific Management 344
Estuaries 346Cumulative Exam 351Mountains 353Kinds of Exams 356Nullification 356Psychology Class 357Working for Others 359
Schizophrenia 362Scholarship 367Ato/is 369
A Good Frieraf 372Student Assistant Positions 372Zero-Sum Economies 373Catch-22 375
Exxon Valdez 378Schedule Plan 383Animal Hearing 385MiZZzon DoZZars 388Formation of the Solar SystemRescheduled Speaker 389Visitors to Your Country 391
388
CONTENTS XI
MINI-TEST 7 393ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
MINI-TEST 8 409ReadingListening
Speaking
Writing
Plate Tectonics 394
Group Project 399The Trumpet 401
Studying English 404Discussion Class 404NIMBY 405
Supernovas 407
Limners 410
General Studies 415Carbon 417
Big Party 420Somnambulism 420Questioning the Professor 421
Violence in Movies 423
COMPLETE TESTS 425
COMPLETE TEST 1ReadingReadingReading
123
Listening
Speaking
Writing
COMPLETE TEST 2ReadingReadingReading
123
425Prehistoric Astronomers A.Truman and the RailroadsMathematical Bases 435
Student Newspaper 441The Great Salt Lake 443Kleenex 445Exam Grade 448Hawaii 450Three-Mile Island 452
Dream Job 455Group Paper 455Spring Show 456Great Ape CommunicationDreaded Science Class 458Mercantilism 458
Venus 460Family Traditions 461
463
Navigational Devices 464T/te Neanderthals 46927ze SiZertf £ r a 473
431
457
XII CONTENTS
Listening Grade Report 478Washington, D.C. 480The Letter C 482The Space Shuttle 485Caves 487The Compound Eye 489
Speaking Favorite Movie 492Telling a Lie 492Business Internships 493Supersonic Speed 494Project Done Bit by Bit 495Multiple Personality Disorder 495
Writing Social Promotion 497Good Leader 498
APPENDIXES 499APPENDIX AAPPENDIX BAPPENDIX C
Cohesion 499Sentence Structure 507Error Correction (Grammar) 514
DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND SCORINGOverall Scores 553Reading Diagnosis and Scoring 554Listening Diagnosis and Scoring 558Speaking Assessment and Scoring 562Writing Assessment and Scoring 573
551
RECORDING SCRIPT 580
ANSWER KEY 647
CONTENTS Xlll