Prep for Africa TestPrep for Africa Test1.1. Relative Location for the Nile RiverRelative Location for the Nile River

2.2. Applying Population Density to EgyptApplying Population Density to Egypt

3.3. The Great Rift ValleyThe Great Rift Valley

4.4. Impact of Transportation Barriers and Impact of Transportation Barriers and CataractsCataracts

5.5. Challenges for a developing AfricaChallenges for a developing Africa

6.6. All about ApartheidAll about Apartheid

Nile River: Relative LocationNile River: Relative Location Blue Nile- Begins in Blue Nile- Begins in

Ethiopia and flows Ethiopia and flows northwest into the northwest into the SudanSudan

White Nile- Begins White Nile- Begins from Lake Victoria and from Lake Victoria and flows north through flows north through Uganda, meets the Uganda, meets the Blue Nile in the SudanBlue Nile in the Sudan

Nile River continues Nile River continues from the meeting point from the meeting point of the Blue and While of the Blue and While Nile, flows north Nile, flows north through Egypt and through Egypt and empties into the empties into the Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea

Egypt: Population DensityEgypt: Population Density

Two Key PercentsTwo Key Percents** 96% of people live on 4% of the land** 96% of people live on 4% of the land(4%- Nile River Valley/Delta)(4%- Nile River Valley/Delta)

Why?Why?1.1. Abundant resources (fertile soil and water)Abundant resources (fertile soil and water)2.2. Economic Opportunity- high level of Economic Opportunity- high level of

industrialization (Cairo Egypt- 12 million industrialization (Cairo Egypt- 12 million people)people)

3.3. Suitable Climate- long growing season Suitable Climate- long growing season (other 96% of Egypt’s land is DESERT!!)(other 96% of Egypt’s land is DESERT!!)

The Great Rift ValleyThe Great Rift ValleyLocated in Eastern AfricaLocated in Eastern Africa

Formation: Formation: Great Rift ValleyGreat Rift Valley

Formed by millions of years of Plate Formed by millions of years of Plate Tectonics moving AWAY from each Tectonics moving AWAY from each otherother

If this continues…If this continues…

1.1. Eastern Africa will split apart Eastern Africa will split apart

(like Madagascar)(like Madagascar)

** this will take millions of years** this will take millions of years

Transportation Barriers and Transportation Barriers and CataractsCataracts

Transportation Barriers-Transportation Barriers- any sudden any sudden change in elevation or physical change in elevation or physical feature that makes navigation feature that makes navigation difficultdifficult

1.1. Most common type- water fallsMost common type- water falls

Cataracts- rock filled rapidsCataracts- rock filled rapids

1.1. Shallow water makes navigation for Shallow water makes navigation for large ships impossiblelarge ships impossible

Impact on Africa’s EconomyImpact on Africa’s Economy

Challenges in river transportation Challenges in river transportation make trading/shipping in to Africa’s make trading/shipping in to Africa’s interior very difficultinterior very difficult

Central AfricaCentral Africa

1.1. Little IndustrializationLittle Industrialization

2.2. Fewer Resources/TradeFewer Resources/Trade

3.3. Few “Big” and Developed citiesFew “Big” and Developed cities

Challenges for a Developing Challenges for a Developing AfricaAfrica

Why is the majority of Africa Why is the majority of Africa DevelopDevelopINGING??

1.1. Few Resources (Fertile Soil and Few Resources (Fertile Soil and Fresh WaterFresh Water

2.2. Many rivers that are NOT NavigableMany rivers that are NOT Navigable

3.3. Reliance on Subsistence FarmingReliance on Subsistence Farming

4.4. Industrialization- Extremely $$$$$$Industrialization- Extremely $$$$$$

How to Solve the Problem???How to Solve the Problem??? DIVERSIFICATION- adding variety to DIVERSIFICATION- adding variety to

Africa’s economyAfrica’s economy

What does this look like?What does this look like?1.1. More diverse cash cropsMore diverse cash crops2.2. Less Importing, More ExportingLess Importing, More Exporting3.3. Bringing in newer industriesBringing in newer industries

** Slow process but Africa is making ** Slow process but Africa is making progress in certain regions…progress in certain regions…

ApartheidApartheidApartheid- system of racist laws that Apartheid- system of racist laws that

allowed for LEGAL discrimination allowed for LEGAL discrimination under the law in South Africaunder the law in South Africa

• Segregation in South Africa- 1948-Segregation in South Africa- 1948-19941994

What does this mean for the individual What does this mean for the individual ethnic groups of South Africa??ethnic groups of South Africa??

Impact of Apartheid on South Impact of Apartheid on South AfricaAfrica

The BritishThe British

1.1. Favored in societyFavored in society

2.2. Reserved best Reserved best jobs and jobs and opportunitiesopportunities

3.3. Elevated their Elevated their social statussocial status

4.4. Kept POWER in Kept POWER in the hands of the the hands of the whites whites

All other All other MinoritiesMinorities

1.1. Kept to a lower Kept to a lower social statussocial status

2.2. No opportunityNo opportunity

3.3. Forced to live on Forced to live on “Homelands”“Homelands”

4.4. Given no power Given no power politicallypolitically

End of ApartheidEnd of Apartheid

Apartheid ends in 1994Apartheid ends in 1994

All PEOPLE in South Africa are equal under All PEOPLE in South Africa are equal under the law- no discriminationthe law- no discrimination

Nelson Mandela- First Black President in Nelson Mandela- First Black President in South Africa’s history (Significance?)South Africa’s history (Significance?)

Progress is being made to close to social Progress is being made to close to social status gap between rich and poorstatus gap between rich and poor