PrEN 14227-05 - Granular Materials Bound With Hydraulic Road

8/12/2019 PrEN 14227-05 - Granular Materials Bound With Hydraulic Road

1/34

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPENNE

EUROPISCHE NORM

DRAFTprEN 14227-5

March 2002

ICS

English version

Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Specifications -Part 5: Granular materials bound with hydraulic road binders -

Definitions, composition, classification

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 227.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other languagemade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the samestatus as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Warning: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice andshall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMIT E UROP E N DE NORMAL ISAT ION

EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. prEN 14227-5:2002 E


2/34


3/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

3

Foreword

This document (prEN 14227-5) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227, "Road materials", thesecretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:

prEN 14227-1, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Specifications Part 1: Cement bound mixtures forroad bases and sub-bases

prEN 14227-2, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Specifications Part 2: Slag bound mixtures

Definitions, composition, classification

prEN 14227-3, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Specifications Part 3: Fly ash bound mixtures Definitions, composition, classification

prEN 14227-4, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Specifications Part 4: Fly ash for hydraulically

mixtures Definitions, composition, classification

prEN 14227-5, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Specifications Part 5: Granular materials bound

with hydraulic road binders Definitions, composition, classification

1 Scope

The European Standard defines granular materials bound with Hydraulic road binders (HRBGM) for road structuresand similar works and specifies the requirements for their constituents, composition and laboratory performanceclassification.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European

Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies.

EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particle densityand water absorption.

prENV 13282, Hydraulic Road binders Composition, specifications and conformity criteria.

prEN 13242, Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and roadconstruction.

prEN 13286-1, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 1: Test methods for laboratory dry density and

moisture content introduction, general requirements and sampling.


moisture content Proctor compaction.


moisture content Vibrocompression with controlled parameters.


4/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

4


moisture content Vibrating hammer.


moisture content Vibrating table.

prEN 13286-40, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 40: Test method for determination of the directtensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.

prEN 13286-41, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 41: Test method for determination of thecompressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.

prEN 13286-42, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 42: Test method for determination of theindirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.

prEN 13286-43, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 43: Test method for determination of themodulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures.

prEN 13286-45, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 45: Test method for determination of theworkability period of hydraulically bound mixtures.

prEN 13286-47, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Part 47: Test method for the bearing capacity,California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Immediate Bearing Index (IBI) and linear swelling.

prEN 13286-50, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Methods for making test specimens Part 50:Making specimens using proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction.

prEN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Methods for making test specimens Part 51:Making specimens by vibrating hammer compaction.

prEN 13286-52, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures

Methods for making test specimens

Part 52:Making specimens by vibro-compression.

prEN 13286-53, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures Methods for making test specimens Part 53:Making specimens by axial compression.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1

granular material bound with hydraulic road binder (HRBGM)mixture of a hydraulic road binder, granular material and water that sets and hardens by hydraulic reaction

3.2compacityratio of the volume of the solid to the apparent volume of the mixture

4 Symbols and abbreviations

HRBGM granular material bound with hydraulic road binder;

Wt workability period;

Rc1 compressive strength obtained with cube or cylinder test specimens with a slenderness ratio equalto 1, in Megapascal (MPa);

Rc2 compressive strength obtained with cylinder test specimens with a slenderness ratio equal to 2, inMegapascal (MPa);


5/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

5

Rt direct tensile strength, in Megapascal (MPa);

Rit indirect tensile strength, in Megapascal (MPa);

E modulus of elasticity, in Megapascal (MPa);

Ec modulus of elasticity determined in compression, in Megapascal (MPa);

Et modulus of elasticity determined in direct tension, in Megapascal (MPa);

Eit modulus of elasticity determined in indirect tension, in Megapascal (MPa);

IPI is the immediate bearing index.

5 Constituents

5.1 Hydraulic road binder shall comply with prEN 13282.

5.2 The granular material shall comply with prEN 13242.

5.3 Water shall not contain components which adversely affect the hardening and the performance of themixtures.

5.4 Retarders shall be used in accordance with national practice.

NOTE Generally retarders are not necessary.

6 Types of mixtures

6.1 General

The types of HRBGM are shown in Table 1 and described as specified below.

Table 1 Types of HRBGM

Type General description

HRBGM 1 31,5 mm mixture without compacity requirement

HRBGM 2 20 mm or 14 mm mixture with compacity requirement

HRBGM 3 6,3 mixture with IPI requirement

The content of each constituent is defined as its percentage by dry to the total dry mass of the mixture.

6.1.1 Binder content

The binder content shall be based on the laboratory mixture design and/or practical experiences with mixturesproduced with the same constituents and under the same conditions in a way that the mixture complies with therequirements of the standard.

NOTE Irrespective of the binder content necessary to fulfil the strength requirements for HRBGM of this standard, for road

bases and sub bases, the binder content should normally not be less than 3 % to insure adequate distribution of the binderthrough out the mixture


6/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

6

6.1.2 Water content

The water content shall be selected to permit compaction on site by rolling and to optimise the laboratoryperformance of the mixture. It shall be determined by Proctor test or other method in accordance with prEN 13286and limits set to give a range of water content on site compatible with the desired mechanical performance of the

mixture.

6.1.3 Laboratory performance characterisation and classification

The laboratory performance characterisation and classification shall be selected from section 7.

6.2 HRBGM 1

The particle size distribution of the mixture shall comply with the figure 1.

The characteristics of the granular material, resistance to fragmentation, fines, harmful constituents and percentageof crushed particles, shall be specified according to the use of the mixture.

Note: this mixture is prone to segregation, care should be taken to minimise this.

6.3 HRBGM 2

The particle size distribution shall comply with either figure 2 for 20 mm mixture or figure 3 for 14 mm mixture.

According to the application, zone A or B of the particle size envelope shall be specified.

The characteristics of the granular material, resistance to fragmentation, fines, harmful constituents and percentageof crushed particles, shall be specified according to the use of the mixture.

The mixture shall have a compacity determined in accordance with Annex A greater than 0,80 at Optimum modifiedProctor density.

6.4 HRBGM 3

The particle size of the mixture shall comply with Table 2.

Table 2 Particle size of HRBGM 3

Sieve mm 12,5 6,3 0,063

passing 100 % >85 %


7/34

Passing (%)Sieve

mm minimum maximumzone A

maximumzone B

40 100

31,5 86 100 100

25 75 93 100

20 65 86 94

10 44 66 78

4 26 48 61

2 18 38 50

0,5 8 24 30

0,2 5 16 21

0,08 3 9 12

Figure 1 Grading curve for HRBGM 1


8/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

8

Passing (%)Sieve


maximumzone B

31,5 100

20 85 100 100

10 55 80 88

6,3 42 66 94

4 32 56 66

2 23 43 54

0,5 11 26 31

0,2 7 17 21

0,08 4 10 12

Figure 2 Grading curve for HRBGM 2, 0/20 mm

7


9/34

Passing (%)Sieve


maximumzone B

25 100

14 85 100 100

10 68 90 97

6,3 50 72 84

4 38 60 71

2 26 46 56

0,5 13 27 32

0,2 9 19 21

0,08 5 11 12

Figure 3 Grading curve for HRBGM 2, 0/14 mm

9


10/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

10

7 Laboratory performance classification

There are two methods of characterising and classifying the laboratory performance of HRGBM:

by compressive strengthRc

by the combinationRt,Eof tensile strengthRtand modulus of elasticityE.

No correlation is intended nor shall be assumed between the 2 methods of characterisation. The pavementdesigner shall select the method.

NOTE The choice of method depends on design philosophy, utilisation and experience. The Rt,Emethod is particularlyapplicable when pavement design is formulated using analytical methods.

7.1 Classification by RC

HRBGM is classified by compressive strength RC determined in accordance with prEN 13286-41 carried out onspecimens manufactured in accordance with prEN 13286-50 to 54 (Proctor, vibrating hammer, vibrocompression,vibrating table or axial compression) and cured at 20 C without evaporation resulting in a loss of bulk density ofmore than 2 % (deemed normal curing).

Ten classes ofRCare covered and are shown below and in Table 2:

C 2/1,5; C 4/3; C 8/6; C 12/9; C 16/12; C 20/15; C 24/18; C 28/21; C 32/24 C 36/27

C designates compressive strength and the first number after C designates the minimum standard strength in MPaof the class determined on cylinders with a slenderness ratio of 1 or cubes, and the second number relating tostrength determined on cylinders with a slenderness ratio of 2.

The age of classification shall be 360 days or earlier.

NOTE The 360 days value may be established from early age results: 7, 28 or 90 days, employing normal curing at 20Cor curing at 40 C. In these cases, the producer shall provide evidence of the strength development over 360 days and report inthe labelling.

Table 3 RCclassification

RCclass RC1MPa

RC2MPa

C 2/1,5 2 1,5

C 4/3 4 3C 8/6 8 6

C 12/9 12 9

C 16/12 16 12

C 20/15 20 15

C 24/18 24 19

C 28/21 28 21

C 32/24 32 24

C 36/27 36 27

NOTE If cylinders with slenderness ratios other than 1 and 2 are used, the correlation with cylinders of either slendernessratio 1 and 2 shall be established before use.


11/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

11

For characterisation or mix design testing in the laboratory, RC shall be the average of the results from threespecimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and RCbe taken as theaverage of the two other values.

The pavement designer shall select the required RCclass from table 2 and the method of specimen manufacture

from prEN 13286-50 to 53. HRBGM shall comply with the minimum strength of that class.

NOTE The pavement designer should be aware that the permitted methods of specimen manufacture realise differentspecimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture different strengths. It is important that the pavement designer, onthe basis of experience and utilisation, specifies both the strength class and the method of specimen manufacture.

7.2 Classification by RtE

HRBGM is classified by tensile strength Rtand modulus of elasticityE, designated RtE, determined on specimenscured at 20 C without evaporation resulting in a loss of bulk density of more than 2 % (deemed normal curing).

HRBGM shall be classified in six classes according to the position of the couple RtandEon Figure 4. The classesare designated as follows:

T > 47; T 34/47; T 25/34; T 20/25; T 15/20; T < 15

T designates classification by tensile testing and the numbers after T represent the theoretical range of thickness oflayer required by a HRBGM falling in this class when analysed in accordance with Annex B.

RtandEshall be established using one of the following methods.

7.2.1 By direct tensile testing

Rt determined in accordance with EN 13286-40 and E determined in direct tensile test (E t) in accordance withEN 13286-43.

7.2.2 By indirect tensile testing

Rtderived from Ritdetermined in accordance with EN 13286-42 using the relationshipRt= 0,8Rit, andEdeterminedin indirect tensionEitin accordance with EN 13286-43.

Rit andEit shall be determined on specimens manufactured using one of the method in accordance withEN 13286-50 to 54.

7.2.3 Method RtECby indirect tensile and compression testing

Rt derived from Rit in accordance with prEN 13286-42 using the relationship Rt= 0,8Rit, andE determined in

compression (EC) in accordance with prEN 13286-43.

Rit andEC shall be determined on specimens manufactured using one of the method in accordance withprEN 13286-50 to 54.

The age of the classification shall be 360 days.

NOTE The 360 days value may be estimated from early age results; e. g. 3, 7, 28, or 90 days, employing normal curing at20 C or curing at 40 C. In this case, the producer shall provide evidence of the strength development over 360 days, and itshall be reported in the labelling.

For characterisation or mix design testing in the laboratory, Rt andE shall be the average result from threespecimens. If one value varies by more than 20 % of the average, it shall be discarded and RtorE taken as the

average of the other values.

The pavement designer shall select the method of specimen manufacture from prEN 13286-50 to 54 and the classfrom figure 4. The HRBGM shall comply with the lower boundary of the class selected.


12/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

12

NOTE The pavement designer should be aware that the permitted methods of specimen manufacture realise differentspecimen shapes and density, and thus for the same mixture different strengths. It is important that the pavement designer, onthe basis of experience and utilisation, specifies both the strength class and method of specimen manufacture.

Figure 4 Classification by RtE

8 Other characteristics

Particular properties relevant to the intended use of HRGBM are not included in this standard, they can be declaredin the designation, description and labelling and if required may need laboratory verification (e. g. workability time

according determined in accordance with prEN 13286-45).

9 Production control

The producer should have in place a system of Production Control in accordance with annex C.


13/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

13

10 Evaluation of conformity

The evaluation of conformity shall comply with annex E and annex F.

11 Marking and labelling

The product shall be identified by:

the type of HRBGM;

the type of hydraulic road binder;

the constituents, their characteristics and their properties;

the method of manufacture of the laboratory specimens for performance test;

the density and water content of specimens;

the type of laboratory performance characterisation and its class;

the others characteristics of the mixture;

name of producer/supplier.


14/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

14

Annex A(normative)

Compacity of HRBGM 2

The compacity before setting of a HRGBM 2 is defined as the value of the ratio:

absolute volume of solid/apparent volume of the mixture

This can be calculated by the following formula:

....

dbaC

DBA

m

100

where

C is the compacity;

m is the apparent volumetric mass of the dry mixture, in Megagrams per cubic metre (MG/m);

A is the particle density mass of the constituent A, in Megagrams per cubic metre (MG/m);

B is the particle density mass of the constituent B, in Megagrams per cubic metre (MG/m);

D is the particle density mass of the constituent D, in Megagrams per cubic metre (MG/m);

a is the constituent A content in mass related to the mixture, in percent (%);

b is the constituent B content in mass related to the mixture, in percent (%);

d is the constituent D content in mass related to the mixture, in percent (%).

The particle density of each constituent is determined according to EN 1097-6.

solid

Air +water


15/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

15

Annex B(informative)

Laboratory performance classification byRtE

A pavement layer works in flexion. Under a specified condition, the stress of the layer depends on the modulus of

elasticity Eof the materials and the layer fails when the flexural stress at the bottom of the layer exceeds theflexural strength of the material. The essential mechanical characteristic of the materials are then the modulus ofelasticityEand the flexural strength that can be estimated by means of its direct tensile strength Rt.

In order to facilitate the comparison of the mechanical performance between two materials, it is necessary to puttogether the two valuesEandRt, into one value that is realised by the following method.

On the basis of Figure B.1 let's consider a one layer pavement made with a material with a modulus of elasticity E

and a tensile strengthRt. That layer lays on a subgrade with a modulus of elasticity of 100 MPa and is submitted toa load represented by two circular surfaces with a radius of 12,5 cm and a pressure q0of 0,65 MPa.

Figure B.1

According to the value ofEandRtof the material a theoretical calculation gives the thickness of the layer. The linesthat limit the classifications shown in Figure 4 give the equithicknesses of the layers according to the material used.

The classification is made according to six classes which is limited by the thickness of 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 34 cm,47 cm. The class T 20/25 for example corresponds to a theoretical thickness less than 25 cm but higher than20 cm. The class T < 15 means that the thickness is less than 15 cm and the class T > 47 means that the thicknessmust be greater than 47 cm.

h E,Rt

= 0,25

E2= 100 MPa


16/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

16

Annex C(informative)

Production Control

C.1 General

This Production Control has been written to meet the particular needs of the Construction Products Directiveregarding systems for attestation of conformity of hydraulically treated mixtures. This annex is based on standard ofEN 29000 series but stands alone and does not require reference to EN 29000 for its application.

This annex specifies production control requirements for use by the manufacturers of hydraulically treated mixtures(e. g. slag bound mixtures, fly ash bound mixtures, pozzolana bound mixtures, lime treated mixtures, hydraulic road

binder bound mixtures).

The production control has the quality aim to give adequate assurance that the hydraulically treated mixturesconform with the relevant technical specifications.

The production control is required to be applied to all European Standards and European Technical Approvals forhydraulically treated mixtures.

The document can be applied to the control of hydraulically treated mixtures where the constituents andcomposition are known, having been derived from a prescriptive specification.

The production control requirements should be considered taking account of the size of the production or of thework and of the particular equipment, constituents, mixture, procedures and rules in use at the site of productionmixture. Additional requirements may be necessary depending on the special situation of the production place andthe specific requirements for certain constructions or structural elements which are defined at the contract.

Production control should be carried out in all cases by all producers.

This annex applies both to situations where the producer is responsible for delivery by vehicle to a contractor's siteand to those where the contractor collects from the producer's plant in his own vehicle. The producer's QualityManual should make clear the point to which his responsibility for handling storage and delivery extends.

C.2 Definitions

C.2.1 Plant

Equipment for the production of hydraulically bound mixture.

Where appropriate, it consists of :

hoppers, silos, tanks to store each constituent just before feeding dispensers;

dispensers to control flow of constituents (continuous system) or weigh each of them in a batch (discontinuoussystem);

mixer to provide suitable mixture homogeneity;

delivery devices to the storage or the transport equipment;

monitoring system to manage and control either manually, or semi-automatically or automatically, the proces-sing equipment, in association, if relevant, with automatic controllers and automated surveillance and datacollection system.


17/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

17

C.2.2 Production Control

Production control is the permanent system of control of production which comprises the operational proceduresand practices that are adopted to regulate the quality of a mixture. It includes the inspections and tests used tomonitor the equipment, constituents, manufacturing process and the mixture as produced or delivered if

appropriate, the control of non conforming mixture and the traceability of production.

C.2.3 Technical specifications

Technical Specifications are based on European Standards and European Technical Approvals for hydraulicallytreated mixtures.

Where none of them exist they will be based on a relevant national standard or provisions valid in the place of use

C.2.4 Organoleptic check

An organoleptic check is an evaluation made with the senses: sight, touch, smell, hearing, etc. It is a broader

concept than the more commonly used term of a visual inspection.

For example, a check on hydraulic binder or constituent delivery might involve visual (colour and texture), smell(odour) and touch. This would detect whether the constituent conformed with the expectations of the tester andwould be the quickest way to detect a defective load.

C.2.5 Records

Evidence of production and production control.

C.2.6 Contract with client

A document established between producer and client to identify the contracting parties, the objectives of thecontract, contract period, the point of delivery (contract boundary), guarantee and annulment clauses, technicalspecifications and costs.

C.2.7 Contract review

Systematic procedure carried out by the producer before acceptance of the contract to ensure the qualityrequirements are defined clearly in the contract.

C.2.8 Lot

A quantity of constituents or mixtures, produced or delivered in a uniform way which is identifiable and can be used

for purpose of inspection, sampling and testing.

C.3 Recommendations

The producer should operate a production control system complying with the requirements of this standard, theappropriate mixture standard and the term of the contract with the client.

C.3.1 Quality Manual

The producer should establish and maintain his policy and procedures for production control in a Quality Manual.

The Quality Manual should particularly include means for identifying and detailing the specific processes, whichdirectly affect mixture quality.


18/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

18

The Quality Manual should particularly include:

the producer's organisational structure relating to quality;

control procedures for constituents and mixtures;

process control, calibration and maintenance;

requirements for the handling and storage of the mixture when appropriate;

requirements for inspection, calibration and control of the measuring equipment in the process, and laboratorytesting equipment for the mixture;

procedures for handling non-conforming mixture.

The Quality manual should also include frequencies of inspection and testing, according to Chapter 5 and annexes.

NOTE The detail of the Quality manual and of the production control procedures will be plant and process dependent.

C.3.2 Organisation

C.3.2.1 Responsibility and authority

The responsibility, authority and inter-relation of all personnel who manage, perform and verify work affectingquality should be defined in the Quality Manual, particularly for personnel who have authority to :

initiate action to prevent the occurrence of product non-conformity;

identify and record any mixture quality problems.

C.3.2.2 Management representative

The producer should appoint a person with appropriate authority, knowledge and experience of Production Controland to ensure that the requirements of the Quality Manual are implemented and maintained.

C.3.2.3 Internal audits

The producer should carry out internal quality audits to verify compliance with the planned arrangements and theeffectiveness of the quality system. Audits should be scheduled on the basis of the status and importance of theactivity. The audits and follow up action should be carried out in accordance with documented procedures. Theresults of the audits should be documented and brought to the attention of the personnel having responsibility inthe area audited. The management personnel responsible for the area should take timely corrective action on thedeficiencies found by the audit and should keep a record of the action taken.

C.3.2.3 Management review

The production control system should be reviewed at appropriate intervals by management to ensure its continuingsuitability and effectiveness. Records of such reviews should be maintained.

C.3.2.4 Sub-contract services

Where any sub-contracted services are supplied from outside the producer's resources, means of control should beestablished.

C.3.2.5 Records

The production control system should contain adequately documented procedures and instructions. The intendedfrequencies of tests and inspections by the producer should be documented. The results of tests and inspectionswill be recorded. (Table C.1).


19/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

19

Sampling location, date and time, as well as details of the mixture or constituents tested, should be recordedtogether with any other relevant information.

Where the constituent or mixture examined does not satisfy the requirements of the appropriate specification andthis standard, records should be kept of corrective actions taken to ensure the quality of the mixture is maintained.

Records should be kept in such a way that they are retrievable and be retained for the period stated in the QualityManual, usually a minimum of 3 years or longer if legally required.

C.3.2.6 Training

The producer should establish and maintain procedures for the training of all personnel involved in activitiesaffecting quality. Personnel performing specific assigned tasks should be suitably qualified on the basis ofappropriate education, training or experience, as required. Training records should be kept.

C.4 Composition of the mixture

The composition of the mixtures will be established from a mixture design procedure intended to confirm themixture has properties conforming to relevant standard and the contract.

The composition of regularly produced mixtures will be included in a catalogue of mixtures compositions andconsidered as mixture base line or target composition.

The compositions should be re-established in case of significant change in constituents.

The composition should be reviewed periodically to ensure design is conforming to actual requirement takingaccount of the change in properties of materials.

C.5 Control procedures

C.5.1 Production management (see Table C.2)

The factory production control system should contain the following:

a) The composition of the mixture to be produced;

b) procedures to adjust mixture composition to take account of variation in raw materials;

c) procedures to ensure that constituents comply with requirements;

d) procedures to ensure the production equipment maintains the composition, homogeneity, and consistency ofthe mixture;

e) Procedures for

calibrating, maintaining and adjusting equipment,

sampling material,

data recording during processing,

adjusting the process according to weather conditions;

f) procedures to identify the type of mixture and to control the consistency and, if required, the conformity of eachmixture being produced during a fixed period of production (i. e. sampling frequency and relation of the sampleto either production quantity or production period);


20/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

20

g) procedures to ensure that each mixture is put to storage (if relevant) in a controlled manner, and that storagelocations and their contents are identified;

h) procedures to ensure that mixture taken from storage should not have deteriorated in such a way that confor-mity is compromised;

i) instruction that the mixture should be identifiable up to the point of delivery as regards source and type.

C.5.2 Constituents (see Table C.3)

Documentation should detail the source and type of each constituent of the mixture for use at the productionlocation.

Adequate supplies of constituent should be available to ensure that the planned rates of production and deliverycan be maintained.

The specifications for incoming constituents should be established and communicated to suppliers by means of

written orders.

The control procedures should check that constituents are capable of providing the required quality.

Constituents should be transported and stored in such a manner as to avoid intermingling, contamination ordeterioration which may affect the quality of the product.

This clause also applies to constituents supplied by the client.

NOTE The general requirements may need to be translated into more detailed specific requirements which may includecontrol requirements for additives or admixtures or reclaimed material as well as special instruction from the suppliers.

C.5.3 Process Control

The Quality Manual should include the following items of process control:

a description of equipment and installation;

a description of the flow of constituents and the processes carried out on them. This should incorporate a flowdiagram;

a statement of conformity with standard. This should include the procedures for control of mixing;

a schedule for monitoring the performance of the process, (manual or automatic system) including a record ofequipment performance against the stated tolerances especially with a permanent automated surveillance and

data collection system.

NOTE Different process control elements will apply to different production processes so it is not possible to give acomprehensive list for all applications.

Guidance on an inspection schedule is given in Table C.4.

C.5.4 Inspection, calibration and control of equipment

The Quality Manual should identify those items of measuring devices which require calibration and the frequency ofsuch calibration which should comply with the requirements of Table C.4 and Annex D.

Calibration procedures should be provided, including the permitted tolerances for the devices to remain in service.

The Quality Manual should state the required accuracy of all calibrations.

The equipment should be adequately maintained to ensure that it continues to be capable of producing mixture tothe required specifications and tolerances.


21/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

21

C.5.5 Inspection and testing of finished mixtures

The Quality Manual should specify the frequency and nature of inspections, and the frequency and type ofsampling and tests which should be carried out. The producer should prepare a schedule of test frequencies. Itshould comply with the table C.5 and annex E

The following items should be considered:

specified properties of mixtures and relevant tests;

test frequencies in relation to periods of actual production of each mixture;

test frequency where automated surveillance and monitoring of the production process exist;

statistical approach for testing.

Reasons for changing the test frequencies should be stated in the Quality Manual.

NOTE Long term experience of the consistency of a particular property as well as mixtures with an established record forconformity should be taken into account.

C.5.6 Handling and delivery

The Quality Manual should contain procedures to ensure that the mixture is handled and (where appropriate)delivered with the minimum of segregation or degradation and within the permitted water content and time limit (seeTable C.6).

At the point of delivery, the mixture should be identifiable and traceable with regard to its production data. Theproducer should maintain records of relevant data of production, which can be referenced from information whenappropriate on the delivery ticket.

NOTE The producer's Quality Manual should describe the characteristics of any mixture storage system and define itsmode of operation. The producer should ensure through checks, inspections and records that such systems are used correctlyand that mixtures maintain their suitability for use.

C.6 Inspection measuring and testing equipment

C.6.1 General

All necessary facilities, equipment and personnel should be available to carry out the required inspections andtests.

Normally the testing has to be performed according to the specified test methods given in the relevant standard.

Other test methods may be used, if correlations or safe relationships between the results of these test methods andthe reference methods have been established. The correctness of the relationship or correlation should beexamined at appropriate intervals. The examination has to be carried out separately for each place of productionwhich operates under different conditions.

Inspection and testing should be carried out at least as frequently as indicated in Tables C.3 and C.5.

C.6.2 Measuring and testing equipment

The producer should be responsible for the control, calibration and maintenance of his inspection, measuring andtesting equipment.


22/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

22

C.6.2.1 Measuring and testing equipment in the process

The points in the process where measuring equipment needs to be deployed should be stated in the QualityManual.

The Quality Manual should indicate when control is carried out automatically or manually. There must be adescription of how equipment is maintained and calibrated. A calibration schedule should be available. (i. e.elements included in the permanent automated surveillance and data collection system).

C.6.2.2 Measuring and testing equipment in laboratory

In order to ensure that the testing of constituents and mixtures in the laboratory conform to the relevantspecifications, the testing equipment is required to be in a known state of calibration and accuracy, consistent withthe required measurement capability.

The following points should be addressed:

accuracy and frequency of calibration, which should be in accordance with the relevant tests standard;

equipment to be used in accordance with documented procedures;

equipment to be uniquely identified and calibration records should be retained;

keeping of calibration record.

C.7 Non-conformity

C.7.1 General

Non-conformity can arise at the following stages:

incoming constituent;

constituent in storage;

mixing;

handling, storage and delivery of the mixture when appropriate.

In the event that a non-conforming constituent, process or mixture is identified, investigations should be initiated todetermine the reasons for non-conformity and effective corrective action should be implemented to preventrecurrence in accordance with procedures documented in the quality Manual.

C.7.2 Non-conformity of constituents

In the case of non-conforming constituents, corrective action may involve:

reclassifying the constituent;

reprocessing;

adjusting process control to allow for constituent non-conformity;

rejection and disposal of the non-conforming constituent.


23/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

23

C.7.3 Non-conformity of the mixture

Non-conforming mixture should be evaluated and procedures for taking action should be followed.

The Quality Manual should identify the action to be taken when a non-conforming product is identified and should

state the circumstances under which the customer will be notified of non-conforming results.

NOTE Such action may involve: corrective action (for example modification of the mixture and or adjustment of equipment); acceptance of the mixture following the agreement of the customer to accept a non-conforming mixture; if the mixture produced is incorrect it can be redirect to an alternative customer if appropriate; rejection of the mixture.

Table C.1 Records

No Subject Recorded data and other documents

1 Specified requirements

contract review

Contract specifications or summary of

requirements

2 Binder, aggregates, retarders - name of producers and sources

- numbers and dates of delivery tickets

- date and place of sampling

- test results

3 Mixing water - date and place of sampling

- test results

4 Composition of hydraulically treatedmixture

- designed or prescribed

5 Production control

(if applicable)

- volume of produced mixture

- production records

- automated data collection system records

(if applicable)

6 Fresh hydraulically treated mixture control

(if relevant)

- date and place of sampling

- date and tests results

(e. g.) water content

grading

binder content

retarder content

7 Hardened mixture

(if relevant)

- number and reference of specimens

- date and test results


24/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

24

Table C.2 Production management schedule

No Production stage Control

1 Mixture design Regular production

Specific production

Catalogue of standardmixture conforming with

relevant standards

Specific mixture designconforming with the contractrequirements

2 Delivery of constituents Attestation of conformity orrelevant documentation, withdelivery ticket

3 Storage of constituents on ground

in silos

in tanks

Maintain regularity anduniformity against thenecessary requirements

4 Final adjustment of composition After inspection of constituents, and theirwater content

Composition of the mixture toproduce: target composition

5 Mixing plant

Equipment design

Processing

- feeders and dispensers of constituents:

volumetric system

weighing system

liquid metering system

- mixing system :

continuous

or batching

- storage of mixture

Equipment design,calibration measuring,maintenance, inspection andtesting

Automated or manualmonitoring

Automated surveillance anddata collection

and/orMixture inspection andtesting

6 Mixture(if appropriate)

Delivery ticket

Table C.3 Inspection of the constituents

No Type of inspection Purpose Frequency

1 Source approval To confirm characteristics and homoge-

neity of constituent and check compliancewith EN Standard specifications

Before initial use

2 Inspection of delivery ticketwhere appropriate

To check consignment is as ordered andfrom correct source

Each delivery

3 Sampling and testing at deliverywhere appropriate

To verify conformity In accordance with QualityManual

4 Organoleptic check duringstorage

For comparison with normal appearancewith respect to source grading, shape andimpurities

Daily

5 Water content of constituents To determine the moisture content in order

to determine the water addition

Daily

orin accordance with QualityManual


25/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

25

Table C.4 Inspection, calibration and control of equipment

No Equipment Inspection test Minimum Frequency

1 Means of storage for

constituents and mixture

Organoleptic inspection daily

Feeders

and dispensers

Organoleptic inspection at the start of each mixtureproduction and daily

2 for constituents andadmixtures

Test for accuracy on installationa for a new mixture,b periodically,in case of doubt

3

Weighing equipment

associated to dispensers,proportioning or batching

system

Organoleptic inspection daily

if existing Test for accuracy on installationa

for a new mixture,b

periodically,in case of doubt

4 Moisture measuring

if existing

on installationa

for a new mixture,b

5 Water metering

if existing

Test of accuracy


6 Batching system

(on batch plant)

Comparison of actual mass ofeach constituent in the batchwith the intended mass usingthe method prescribed in thequality manual

on installation *for a new mixture,b


7 Proportioning system

(on continuous plant)

Comparison of actual mass ofeach constituent in ameasured period of time withthe intended mass using themethod prescribed in thequality manual

on installationa

for a new mixture,b


8 Mixer Visual inspection to check the

wear, the cleanliness and theoperating conditions of themixer

every week

in case of doubt

9 Monitoring of the process Manual or automatic

Test of accuracy

on installationa

for a new mixtureb


10 Automated surveillanceand data collection systemif existing

Calibration measuring withactual mass of eachconstituent, in the batch or ina measured period of time forproportioning system

on installationa

for a new mixture,b


a or after comprehensive repair or following a shut down of one month

b if relevant


26/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

26

Table C.5 Inspection of the mixture by the producera

No Type of Inspection Purpose Frequency

1 Organoleptic check of the mixture For comparison with normalappearance with respect tograding, water content andeveness of mixing

Continuously

2 Appropriate checks to determine relevantcharacteristics and properties

2.1 Tests or inspections on the fresh mixturee. g

grading b

water content b

constituent proportioning b

compactibility density

2.2 Tests on the hardened mixtures e. g

density

CBR

stiffness strength

To ensure the conformity ofdelivered mixture

As required by theQuality Manual and thecontract

Annex E

if relevant

if relevant

when appropriate

a Inspections should be performed during production or at the point of delivery as stated in the contract.

b Information can be obtained from the permanent data collection system if existing and accepted

Table C.6 Inspection of temporary storage and delivery vehicles

No Type of Inspection Purpose Frequency

1 Temporary storage To provide protection, avoidcontamination and avoid segregation

continuously

2

3

Suitability of delivery transportequipment if appropriate

Cleanliness of delivery transportequipment if appropriate

To check adequacy of weather protectionand minimize segregation

To minimize contamination

at the first load

every load prior loading


27/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

27

Annex D(informative)

Description of a production plant and appreciation of capability to produce(included in the Quality Manual)

Description of a production plant and appreciation of capability to produce (included in the Quality Manual)

D.1 Storage of constituents

The following constituents are stored as described below:

a) Constituents other than dry powder (e. g aggregates, granulated blast furnace slags, wet (conditionned) flyashes) are stored in hoppers, bins. Each of them is stored separately to minimize any risk of mixing orminimize contamination and designed to maintain a regular flow of constituent (e. g. through the use ofvibrator, air inflation,).

b) Dry powder (e. g cement, lime, dry fly ash, dry admixture, activator) are stored in silo. Each of them is storedwithout external air contact. Silos are equipped with upper level detectors and devices to maintain regular flowof the constituent during emptying. In the case of pneumatic filling system it will be necessary to introduce arest period before delivering the constituent.

c) Liquid admixture are stored in tanks with permanent stirring if necessary.

d) Water is stored in a pond or a tank without risk of contamination.

D.2 Proportioning the constituents

The production can be either continuous or discontinuous (batch system).

With continuous production the constituents are calibrated by continuous volumetric dispensers in association/ornot with continuous flow weighing system.

With discontinuous production, (batch system), each constituent is weighed on a scale in a cumulative way foraggregates, and on a separate scale for dry powders (cement, lime, fly ash).

Water and liquid admixture can be dosed either by volume or by mass.

D.3 Mixing the constituents

The mixer gives the appropriate homogeneity and regularity to the mixture either on a continuous or discontinuousway.

The wearing and direction of paddles, the cleanliness of the mixer, the level of load in the mixer, the flow of

constituents and the mixing time can influence the efficiency of the mixer.

D.4 Operation of the equipment

The operationof the production plant can be manual, semi-automatic or automatic.


28/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

28

D.5 Automatic surveillance system (when existing)

These can include:

start of production cannot occur without constituent in the dispensers;

system to maintain a steady and consistent flow as indicated (fixed order and tolerances) through eachdispenser;

warning device when the flow of aggregate fluctuates by more than a specified amount, which stops the plant ifdefault continues for more than a specified time;

warning device when the flow of powder fluctuates by more than a specified amount, which stops the plant ifdefault continues more than a specified time;

equipment starting and stopping controlled in a sequential way;

system to automatically maintain the recipe when the flow varies (deliberately or otherwise).

D.6 Continuous production information (process records)

In the case of manual or semi-automatic monitoring, information about actual operating parameters necessary toensure consistent and accurate production can be visual to help operators control and provide data for recording.

In the case of automatic monitoring all the operating parameters necessary to maintain suitable production can bepermanently recorded and, with appropriate computerization, can be used as an automated surveillance and datacollector system.

At the start of production the automated surveillance and data collector (where existing) should be calibrated in thesame way as the automatic monitoring system of the plant.

The automated surveillance and data collector can be either integrated into the general monitoring panel of theplant or added into an existing automatic monitoring system after installation of an appropriate connecting plugassembly.

The continuous automated surveillance and data collection may include:

timetable record of the plant operations;

records of weight or proportion of different constituents;

average composition of the mixture during a set period of time

aggregates

binder content

additive content (if relevant)

water content;

detection of non conforming production;

storage of the data.

D.7 Types of production plants stating minimum requirement

Different types of production plants are given in table D.1.


29/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

29

Table E.1 Types of production plants

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

Proportioning of aggregates,GBS, wet fly ash

Continuous or batchautomatic weighing

volumetricdispensers

no requirement

Proportioning of powders(cement, lime, dry fly ash)

.. .. no requirement

Moisture measuring of constituentsor mixture

yes no no requirement

Water and liquid admixture metering automatic manual no requirement

Production information automatedsurveillance and data

collector system

manual datacollection

no requirement

Automatic surveillance systemwhen existing

as described in 5 flow detection no requirement

D.8 Initial inspection, evaluation of plants capability to produce

Initial inspection, evaluation and calibration procedures should assess the ability of the plant to produce a regularand homogeneous mixture in accordance with relevant requirements.

Initial inspection, evaluation and calibration are carried out at the start up of a new plant or after following a shutdown or every year or at the start of a new mixture production or a mixture production with new components.

In assessing the plant, a satisfactory calibration must be obtained conforming to the requirements of this standard.The production data should be used to confirm correct proportioning. The results of tests on the mixture may beused to support the acceptance.

Inspections can consist of several investigations including :

a review and identificationof equipment to produce relevant compositions according to production plants type(refer Table D.1);

calibration and verification of each dispenser accepting a maximum deviation from referenced quantity(including weighing and data collector system device if appropriate) as follows:

aggregate dispenser + 5 %,

powder dispenser + 3 %,

water meter + 3 %

an evaluation of the regularity and homogeneity of the finished mixture and verification of data collectionsystem efficiency.

After calibration of each dispenser and during initial inspection, the regularity and homogeneity of the mixtureproduced by the plant may be considered according to the production of specified quantity: 50 T for a continuousplant or 10 batches for batching plant. It will include sampling and analysis of samples, and comparison of theresults (for a Type 1 plant) with the figures registered from the data collector system. The minimum number ofsamples analysed will be 15.

Regularity of composition should be evaluated by the tolerances on the flow of each constituent and the toleranceratio:


30/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

30

enveloppe.ionspecificattoaccording100average

deviationstandard

in accordance with Table D.2

Table E.2 Tolerances ratio (standard deviation 100/average)

Class 1a Class 2a Class 3a

Coarse aggregates 5 % 10 % no requirement

Fines (0,063 mm) 3 % 6 % no requirement

Water 3 % 6 % no requirement

a The class of production plant should be chosen according to the final performances and usage of the mixture


31/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

31

Annex E(normative)

Evaluation of conformity for the production of mixture

E.1 Introduction

This annex applies to the evaluation of conformity for the production of mixtures and does not include conformity ofhardened mixtures. It should be established:

in the case of Type 2 plants in accordance with annex D, by direct sampling and testing of the samples;

or, in the case of Type 1 plants, by the permanent automated surveillance and data collection system inassociation with a reduced frequency of sampling and testing.

At the start of the production process, the homogeneity of the mixture should be considered in accordance with therequirements of the specification, the type and quality of the production plant and the quality and homogeneity ofthe constituents. This can be appreciated either from past production experience or by making specific tests toestablish variation in constituent proportioning, grading and water content of the produced mixture.

E.2 Sample frequency

During the regular production of the mixture, the sample frequency should be as follows:

In the case of Type 2 plants, one sample should be taken every 300 tonnes or 150 m3

, with a minimum of 1sample per day or 3 per contract.

In the case of Type 1 plants with a validated and accepted automated surveillance and data collection systemgiving computerized composition for every truck or every batch, one sample should be taken every2 000 tonnes or 1 000 m

3or one par day for lesser quantities.

Alternatively and independent of the type of mixing plant, the frequency of sampling can be on a time relatedrather than a quantity related basis such as a minimum of 1 sample per week or 1 sample per day dependingon the characteristic being measured.

In the case of occasional production of a standard mixture, the production should be assessed cumulatively withprevious production with the same or similar criteria. The frequency of sampling can be adjusted on a contract-by-

contract basis according to the overall quantity of production required

E.3 Characteristics requiring conformity assessment during production of mixture

quality of the constituents (before production);

proportioning of the constituents including added water;

grading of the fresh mixture;

water content of the fresh mixture.

The above characteristics should comply with the requirements of the mixture standard.

Note that the characterisitic 'proportioning of the constituents including added water' is only appropriate for plantsequipped with automated surveillance and data collection systems (Type 1 plants).


32/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

32

E.4 Results analysis

The results should be checked for conformity assessment.

For Type 2 plants or time-related sampling:

for up to 20 samples, all the results should be judged against the specified criteria;

for 20 or more samples, each new result should be considered with the previous 19 results.

The corresponding lot should be considered as conforming or non conforming as follows:

if the conformity assessment is not obtained for a minimum of 95 % of the results, production can continue butthe frequency of sampling should be multiplied by 2;

if non-conformity continues, production should be stopped and the initial inspection, evaluation and calibrationshould be carried out again with a re-appreciation of the homogeneity and properties of the constituents.

In the case of Type 1 plants with automated surveillance and data collection, each recorded value should beconsidered with the last 19 results and validated against the grading and water content tests on the collectedspecimen (individual sample). If conformity assessment is not obtained with the mean of the last 20 results and thedirect sampling analysis, the mixture should be declared non conforming and a new inspection, evaluation andcalibration of the plant should be initiated.


33/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

33

Annex F(normative)

Conformity criteria for HRBGM

F.1 General

This annex specifies tolerances for the assessment of conformity of the production of HRBGM. The tolerances aregiven for:

the water content of the mixture;

the grading of the mixture

NOTE There is currently insufficient experience to define test methods for the determination of the hydraulic road bindercontent of the mixture and set specified tolerances which can be used in all parts of Europe for any hydraulic road binder. Therequirement may be given in the contract if a suitable test method can be used.

F.2 Water content of the mixture

The determined water content of the mixture shall not deviate more the tolerance in Table F.1 from the targetcontent specified in the contract.

Table G.1 Water content tolerances of the mixture

HRBGM 1 and 2 HRBGM 3

1 1,5

F.3 Grading of the mixture

The producer shall calculate the typical grading of the mixture from the typical grading of each constituent,including hydraulic road binder and the target composition.

A minimum of 95 % of the grading results (for type 2 plants) or all the grading results (for type 1 plants) of themixture shall be within an envelop defined by the typical grading and the tolerances in table F.2 (for HRBGM 1and 2) or Table F.3 (for HRBGM3).

Table G.2 Grading tolerances of the mixture (HRBGM 1 and 2)

Sieve sizemm

Grading tolerancein % by mass

Da

4

6,3 8

2 8

0,063 2

a Dis the upper sieve size of the HRBGM (31,5, 20 or 14 mm)


34/34

prEN 14227-5:2002 (E)

Table G.3 Grading tolerances of the mixture (HRBGM 3)

Sieve sizemm

Grading tolerancein % by mass

Da 4

D/4 b 8

0,063 2

a Dis the upper sieve size of the HRBGM (D

b When the D/4 size sieve calculated in the above is not an exactsieve size in the ISO 565/R20 series, then the nearest sieve in theseries shall be used.

NOTE The tolerances given in Tables F.1 and F.2 may be restricted to lower values if specified by the contract.

PrEN 14227-05 - Granular Materials Bound With Hydraulic Road

Documents

Transcript of PrEN 14227-05 - Granular Materials Bound With Hydraulic Road