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IM, MM & POM

Investment Management

Introduction

Meaning of Investment

Investment is the process of sacrificingsomething now for the prospect of gainingsomething later.

Investment is sacrifice of certain presentvalue for some uncertain future value

Investment is an essential requirement forfull employment and the key to prosperity in acapital economy

Characteristics of Investment1. Risk2. Return3. Safety4. Liquidity5. Convenience6. Tax implications7. Regularity and stability of income8. Stability of purchasing power9. Capital appreciation 10.Legality11.Tangibility

New Innovative financial instruments1. Commercial paper2. No voting type of equity shares3. Detachable equity coupons4. Participating preference shares5. Clip and strip bond6. Floating rate notes7. Debt instruments with warrants8. Indexed rate notes9. Stepped coupon bonds10. Extendable notes11. Industrial revenue bonds12. Dual convertible bonds13. Commodity bonds14. Participating debenture

15.Convertible debentures with options16.Third party convertible debentures17. Mortgage backed securities18.Convertible debentures redeemable at premium19.Debt for equity swap20.Zero coupon convertible notes21.Dual currency bond22.EQUIPREF23.Bunny bonds24.Secured premium note25.Pay in kind bonds26.Deep discount bonds27.Inflation adjusted bonds

MARKETING MANAGEMENT

UNIT V

MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM AND MARKETING RESEARCH

MARKETING INFORMATION

• Information means relevant data that helpsmanagers to reduce uncertainty

• Marketing information includes all the facts,opinions, estimates and other evaluated dataused in making decisions having far reachingeffect on the marketing unit

ELEMENTS OF GOOD MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. It is a unified and centralized system

2. It is a decision supporting system

3. It is compatible with the organization

4. It is economical

5. It is need based and use oriented

6. It is fast in communication

7. It is future oriented

COMPONENTS OF MIS

1. Internal marketing information system

2. Marketing intelligence system

3. Marketing research system

4. Management science system

5. Marketing decision support system

MARKETING RESEARCH

• Marketing research refers to the methodsof finding and analyzing facts to assistmanagers in making rational marketingdecisions

• Marketing research is the systemicgathering, recording and analysis of dataabout the problems relating to themarketing of goods and services

FEATURES OF MARKETING RESEARCH

1. It is a systematic study

2. It is a scientific study

3. It is a managerial tool to take decisions

OBJECTIVES OF MARKETING RESEARCH

1. To know the buyers

2. To measure the impact of promotional efforts

3. To know consumer response

4. To know market costs and profits

5. To master the external forces

6. To design and implement marketing control

MARKETING REEARCH PROCESS

1. Defining the research problem

2. Considering the possible solutions

3. Developing a research design

4. Collection of marketing data

5. Analysis and interpretation of data

6. Preparation and presentation of researchreport

7. Follow up of recommendations

UNIT II

MARKETING ENVIRONMENT

MARKETING ENVIRONMENT

DEFINITION

A company’s marketing environment consistsof the internal factors and forces which affectthe company’s ability to develop and maintainsuccessful transactions and relationships withthe company’s target customers by Kotler

The business environment is a marketing termand refers to factors and forces that affect afirm’s ability to build and maintain successfulcustomer relationships

COMPONENTS OF MARKETING ENVIRONMENTI Micro Environment• Company• Suppliers• Marketing intermediaries• Customers• Competitors• PublicII Macro Environment• Demographic Environment• Economic Environment• Physical or Natural Environment• Technological Environment• Political Environment• Legal & Regulatory Environment• Cultural & Social Environment