Prelims LAST 3 Year Papers CSAT Papers

8/13/2019 Prelims LAST 3 Year Papers CSAT Papers

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D i r ec t i o n s f o r t h e f o l l ow i n g 4 ( f ou r )

i t ems : Read th e fol l ow i n g pa ssage and

a n s w er t h e i t e m s t h a t f o l l ow . Y ou r

an sw er s to t h ese i tem s sh oul d be based

on t he pa ssage on l y .

Passage:

A country under foreign dominationseeks escape from the present indreams of a vanished age, and findsconsolation in visions of pastgreatness. That is a foolish anddangerous pastime in which many of

us indulge. An equally questionablepractice for us in I ndia is to imaginethat we are still spiritually greatthough we have come down in theworld in other respects. Spiritual orany other greatness cannot befounded on lack of freedom andopportunity, or on starvation andmisery. Many western writers haveencouraged that notion that I ndiansare other-worldly. I suppose the poorand unfortunate in every countrybecome to some extent other-worldly,unless they become revolutionaries,for this world is evidently not meantfor them. So also subject peoples.

As a man grows to maturity he is not

entirely engrossed in, or satisfiedwith, the external objective world.He seeks also some inner meaning,some psychological and physicalsatisfactions. So also with peoplesand civi lizations as they mature andgrow adult. Every civilization andevery people exhibit these parallelstreams of an external life and aninternal life. Where they meet orkeep close to each other, there is anequilibrium and stability. When they

diverge conflict arises and the crisesthat torture the mind and spir it.

1. The passage mentions that thisworld is evidently not meant forthem. I t refers to people who

2. seek fr eedom from foreigndomination.

3. live in starvation and misery.

4. become revolutionaries.

1. Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct ?

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only

2. Consider the following assumptions:

1. A country under foreign

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domination cannot indulge in

spiritual pursuit.2. Poverty is an impediment in the

spiritual pursuit.

3. Subject peoples may becomeother-worldly.

With reference to the passage,which of the above assumptionsis/are valid ?

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only

3. The passage thematically centres on

(a) the state of mind of oppressedpeople

(b) starvation and misery(c) the growth of civilization(d) body, mind and spirit of people in

general

4. According to the passage, the tortureof the mind and spirit is caused

(a) by the impact of foreigndomination.

(b) by the desire to escape fromforeign domination and find

consolation in visions of pastgreatness.

(c) due to lack of equilibrium betweenan external life and an internallife.

(d) due to ones inability to be eitherrevolutionary or other

Read the passage given below, studythe graph that follows and answerthe three items given below thefigure. During a party, a person wasexposed to contaminated water. A

few days later, he developed feverand loose motions. He suffered forsome days before going to a doctorfor treatment. On starting the

treatment, he soon became better and

recovered completely a few dayslater. The following graph showsdifferent phases of the personsdisease condition as regions A, B, C,D and E of the curve.

5. Which region/regions of the curvecorrespond/corresponds to

(a) A only(b) B only(c) B and C(d) No part of the curve indicates the

incubation phase

6. Which region of the curve indicatesthat the person began showing thesymptoms of infection ?

(a) A (b) B(c) C (d) D

7. Which region of the curve indicatesthat the treatment yielded effectiverelief ?

(a) C (b) D(c) E(d) The curve does not indicate the

treatment

8. There are four routes to travel fromcity A to city B and six routes fromcity B to city C. How many routesare possible to travel from the city Ato city C ?

(a) 24 (b) 12(c) 10 (d) 8

9. A contract on construction jobspecifies a penalty for delay in


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completion of the work beyond a

certain date is as follows : Rs. 200for the first day, Rs. 250 for thesecond day, Rs. 300 for the third dayetc., the penalty for each succeedingday being Rs. 50 more than that ofthe preceding day. How muchpenalty should the contractor pay ifhe delays the work by 10 days ?

(a) Rs. 4950(b) Rs. 4250(c) Rs. 3600(d) Rs. 650

10. Consider the following figure andanswer the item that Follows:

In the figure shown above, OP1andOP2are two plane mirrors keptperpendicular to each other, S is thedirection of a beam of light fallingon the mirror OP1The direction ofthe reflected beam of light from themirror OP2will be:

(a) Perpendicular to the direction S.

(b) At 45 to the direction S.

(c) Opposite and paral lel to the

direction S.(d) At 60 to the direction S.

11. Consider the figure given below andanswer the item that follows :

What is the minimum number ofdifferent colours required to paint

the figure given above such that notwo adjacent regions have the samecolour ?

(a) 3 (b) 4(c) 5 (d) 6

12. Consider the following figure andanswer the item that follows:

A square is divided into fourrectangles as shown above. Thelengths of the sides of rectangles arenatural numbers. The areas of tworectangles are indicated in thefigure. What is the length of eachside of the square ?

(a) 10 (b) 11(c) 15(d) Cannot be determined as the

given data are insufficient


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D i r ec t i ons fo r t he fo l l ow i ng 8 (ei gh t )

i t ems : Read each o f th e fo l l ow i ng t wop a s sa g es a n d a n sw er t h e i t em s t h a i

f o l l ow . Y ou r a n sw er s t o t h ese i t em s

sh oul d be based on t h e pa ssages onl y .

Passage:1

For achieving inclusive growth thereis a critical need to rethink the roleof the State. The early debate amongeconomists about the size of theGovernment can be misleading. Theneed of the hour is to have an

enabling Government. India is toolarge and complex a nation for theState to be able to deliver all that isneeded. Asking the Government toproduce all the essential goods,create all the necessary jobs, andkeep a curb on the prices of all goodsis to lead to a large cumbersomebureaucracy and widespreadcorruption.The aim must be to staywith the objective of inclusive growththat was laid down by the founding

fathers of the nation and also to takea more modern view of what theState can realistically deliver. Thisis what leads to the idea of anenabling State, that is, aGovernment that does not try todirectly deliver to the citizenseverything that they need. Instead,it (1) creates an enabling ethos forthe market so that individualenterprise can flourish and citizenscan, for the most part, provide for the

needs of one another, and (2) stepsin to help those who do not manageto do well for themselves, for therewill always be individuals, no matter

what the system, who need support

and help. Hence we need aGovernment that, when it comes tothe market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on thesidelines with minimal interference,and, at the same time, plays animportant role in directly helping thepoor by ensuring that they get basiceducation and health services andreceive adequate nutrition and food.

13. According to the passage :

1. The objective of inclusive growth was

laid down by the founding fathers ofthe nation.

2. Need of the hour i s to have anenabling Government.

3. The Government should engage inmaximum interference in marketprocesses.

4. There is a need to change the size ofthe Government.

Which of the statements given aboveare correct ?

(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

14. According to the passage, thestrategy of inclusive growth can beeffected by focusing on

(a) Meeting all the needs of everycitizen in the country.

(b) Increasing the regulations overthe manufacturing sector.

(c) Controlling the distribution of

manufactured goods.(d) Delivery of the basic services to

the deprived sections of thesociety.


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15. What constitutes an enabli ng

Government?1. A large bureaucracy.2. I mplementation of welfare

programmes throughrepresentatives.

3. Creating an ethos that helpsindividual enterprise.

4. Providing resources to those whoare underprivileged

5. Offering direct help to the poorregarding basic services.

Select the correct answer from the

codes given below:(a) 1, 2, and 3 only(b) 4 and 5 only(c) 3 , 4 and 5 only(d) 1 , 2, 3, 4 and 5

16. Why is the State unable to deliverall that needed?1. I t does not have sufficient

bureaucracy2. I t does not promote inclusive

growth

Select the correct answer from thecodes given below:

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

17. What is the essential message beingconveyed by the author of thepassage?

(a) The objectives of inclusive growthlaid down by the founding fathersof the nation should beremembered.

(b) The Government needs to makeavailable more schools and healthservices.

(c) The Government needs toestablish markets and industriesto meet the needs of the poor

strata of the society.

(d) There is a need to rethink the roleof the State in achieving inclusivegrowth.

Passage:2

The concept of creative societyrefers to a phase of development of asociety in which a large number ofpotential contradictions becomearticulate and active. This is mostevident when oppressed socialgroups get politically mobilised and

demand their rights. The upsurge ofthe peasants and tribals, themovements for regional autonomyand self-determination, theenvironmental movements, and thewomens movements in thedeveloping -eountries are signs ofemergence of creative society incontemporary times. The forms ofsocial movements and their intensitymay vary from country to countryand place to place within a country.

But the very presence of movementsfor social transformation in variousspheres of a society indicates theemergence of a creative society in acountry.

18. What does the author imply bycreative society ?

1. A society where diverse art formsand literary writings seek incentive.

2. A society where social inequalitiesare accepted as the norm.

3. A society where a large number ofcontradictions are recognised.

4. A society where the exploited and theoppressed groups grow conscious of


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their human rights and upliftment.

Select the correct answer using thecodes given below :

(a) 1, 2 and 3(b) 4 only(c) 3 and 4(d) 2 and 4

19. What according to the passage arethe manifestations of socialmovements ?

1. Aggressiveness and beingincendiary.

2. Instigation by external forces.3. Quest for social equali ty andindividual freedom.

4. Urge for granting privileges and self-respect to disparaged sections of thesociety.


(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 2 and 4 only(c) 3 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

20. With r eference to the passage,consider the following statements :

1. To be a creative society, it is essentialto have a variety of socialmovements.

2. To be a creative society, it i simperative to have potentialcontradictions and conflicts.

Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct ?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2

21. Consider the foll owing three

statements :

1. Only students can participate in therace.

2. Some participants in the race aregirls.

3. All girl participants in the race areinvited for coaching.

Which one of the followingconclusions can be drawn from theabove statements ?

(a) Al l parti cipants in the race are

invited for coaching.(b) All students are invited for coaching.

(c) Al l parti cipants in the race arestudents.

(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and(c) given above is correct.

D i r ec t i o n s f or t h e f o l l o w i n g 2 ( t w o )

i t ems : Each o f the fo l l ow i ng t wo i t ems

consi sts of four sta tement s. Of t hese fou r

sta t em ent s, two cann o t both be t r ue , bu t

bo th can be fa l se. S tu dy th e sta tements

c a r ef u l l y a n d i d en t i f y t h e t w o t h a t sa t i s fy th e above cond i t i on . Selec t th e

cor r ec t a nswe r u si n g th e codes g i ven

bel ow each set of sta t em en ts :


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22. Examine the following statements :

1. All animals are carnivorous.2. Some animals are not

carnivorous.3. Animals are not carnivorous.4. Some animals are carnivorous.

Codes :(a) 1 and 3(b) 1 and 2(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 and 4

23. Examine the following statements :1. Al l trains are run by diesel

engine.2. Some trains are run by diesel

engine.3. No train is run by diesel engine.4. Some trains are not run by diesel

engine.Codes :

(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 and 3(c) 1 and 3(d) 1 and 4

24. Consider the four age pyramidsgiven below namely A, B, C and Drepresenting four differentcountries.{I MAGE }Which one ofthem indicates the decliningpopulation ?

(a) A (b) B

(c) C (d) D

25. Which curve indicates theexponential growth ?

(a) A (b) B(c) C (d) D

D i r ec t i o n s f or t h e f o l l o w i n g 2 ( t w o )

i t ems: { I MAGE} Th e fo l l ow i ng p i e cha r t s

show t h e b r ea k t h e pa t i en t s f r om twot owns, Town A a nd T own B . P i e cha r t s

p l o t t h e d i sea s e c a t eg o r i e s a s

p er c en t a g e o f t h e t o t a l n u m b er o f

pa t i en t s. Based on th ese an swer th e tw o

i t ems t h a t f ol l ow t h e cha r t s


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26. Which of the two towns has a higher

number of persons with Diabetes ?(a) Town A(b) Town B(c) Same in Town A and Town B(d) No inference can be drawn

27. What can we say about persons withmore than one disease from thesegraphs ?

(a) There are likely to be persons withmore than one disease in Town A.

(b) There are likely to be persons withmore than one disease in Town B.

(c) There are likely to be persons withmore than one disease in both

Towns A and B.(d) No inference can be drawn.

28. Consider the following Velocity Time graph. I t shows two trainsstarting simultaneously on paralleltracks. With reference to the abovegraph, which one of the followingstatements is not correct ?

(a) Train B has an initial accelerationgreater than that of Train A.

(b) Train B is faster than Train A atall times.

(c) Both tr ains have the same

velocity at time t0.(d) Both trains travel the same

distance in time t0 units.

D i r ec t i o n s f or t h e f o l l o w i n g 5 ( f i v e)


a n s w er t h e i t e m s t h a t f o l l ow . Y ou r an sw er s to t h ese i tem s sh oul d be based


Passage:

Now Indias children have a right-toreceive at least eight years ofeducation, the gnawing question iswhether it will remain on paper orbecome a reality. One hardly needsa reminder that this right is differentfrom the others enshrined in the

Constitution, that the beneficiary a six year old child cannot demandit, nor can she or he fight a legalbattle when the right is denied orviolated. In all cases, it is the adultsociety which must act on behalf ofthe child. In another peculiarity,where a childs right to education isdenied, no compensation offeredlater can be adequate or relevant.

This is so because childhood does notlast. If a legal battle fought on behalf

of a child is eventually won, it maybe of little use to the boy or girlbecause the opportunity missed atschool during childhood cannot servethe same purpose later in life. Thismay be painfully true for girlsbecause our society permits themonly a short childhood, if at all. TheRight to Education (RTE) hasbecome law at a point in I ndiashistory when the ghastly practice offemale infanticide has resurfaced in

the form of foeticide. This issymptomatic of a deeper urmoil insociety which is compounding thetraditional obstacles to the education


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of girls. Tenacious prejudice against

the intellectual potential of girlsruns across our cultural diversityand the system of education has notbeen able to address it.

29. With r eference to the passage,consider the following statements :1. When chil dren are denied

education, adult society does notact on behalf of them.

2. Ri ght to E ducation as a lawcannot be enforced in the country.Which of the statements given

above is/are correct ?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2

30. According to the passage, what couldbe the traditional obstacles to theeducation of girls ?

1. Inability of parents to fight a legalbattle when the Right to Educationis denied to their children.

2. The traditional way of thinkingabout girls role in society.

3. The prejudice against theintellectual potential of girls.

4. Improper system of education.

Select the correct answer from thecodes given below :

(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 1, 3 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

31. On the basis of the passage, considerthe following statements :1. Right to Education is a legal right

and not a fundamental right.

2. For realising the goal of universal

education, the education systemin the country must be madeidentical to that of developedcountries.Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2

32. Which one of the foll owing

statements conveys the key messageof the passage ?(a) India has declared that education

is compulsory for its children.(b) Adult society is not keen on

implementing the Right toEducation.

(c) The Ri ght to E ducation,particularly of a girl child, needsto be safeguarded.

(d) The system of education shouldaddress the issue of Right to

Education.33. Which one of the foll owing

statements conveys the inference ofthe passage ?

(a) The society has a tenaciousprejudice against the intellectualpotential of girls.

(b) Adults cannot be relied upon tofight on behalf of children for theirRight to Education.

(c) The legal fight to get education forchildren is often protracted andprohibitive.

(d) There is no sufficient substitutefor education received inchildhood.


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Read the fo l l ow i ng p assage and an swe r

th e 3 ( th r ee) i t em s th a t f o l l ow :A, B , C, Dan d E a r e m em ber s o f the sam e fam i l y .

T h er e a r e tw o f a t h er s, two sons, two

w i ves, th r ee m a l es an d t w o fem a l es. Th e

teache r w as th e w i fe o f a l aw yer wh o

wa s the son o f a doc to r . E i s no t a ma l e ,

ne i t h er a l so a w i fe o f a p r o fessi ona l . C

i s the youngest p er son i n th e fam i l y and

D is th e eld est . B i s a m a l e.

34. How is D related to E ?(a) Husband (b) Son

(c) Father (d) Wife35. Who are the females in the group ?

(a) C and E (b) C and D(c) E and A (d) D and E

36. Whose wife is the teacher ?(a) C (b) D(c) A (d) B

Read the fo l l ow i ng p assage and an swe r

t h e 3 ( t h r ee) i t ems t h a t f o l l ow : I n a

su r vey r ega r d i ng a p r oposed m easu r e

to be in t r oduced , 2878 persons took pa r t

of wh i ch 1652 w er e m al es. 1226 per sons

voted aga i n st t he p r oposa l o f wh i ch 796

w er e m al es. 1425 per sons voted for th e

pr oposa l . 196 fema l es wer e und ec id ed .

37. How many females voted for the

proposal ?(a) 430 (b) 600(c) 624 (d) 640

38. How many males were undecided ?(a) 31 (b) 227(c) 426 (d) 581

39. How many females were not infavour of the proposal ?

(a) 430 (b) 496(c) 586 (d) 1226

40. In a queue, Mr. X is fourteenth fromthe front and Mr. Y is seventeenthfrom the end, while Mr. Z is exactlyin between Mr. X and Mr. Y. If Mr. Xis ahead of Mr. Y and there are 48persons in the queue, how manypersons are there between Mr. X andMr. Z ?

(a) 6 (b) 7(c) 8 (d) 9

D i r ec t i ons fo r the fol l ow i n g 6 (si x ) i t ems

: R ea d ea c h o f t h e f ol l o w i n g t w o

pas sages and an swe r - t h e i t ems t h a t

f o l l ow . Y ou r a n sw er s t o t h ese i t em s sh oul d be based on t h e pa ssages onl y .

Passage-1

Ecosystems provide people with avariety of goods and services; food,clean water, clean air, flood control,soil stabilization, pollination, climateregulation, spiritual fulfilment andaesthetic enjoyment, to name just afew. Most of these benefits either areirreplaceable or the technology

necessary to replace them isprohibitively expensive. Forexample, potable fresh water can beprovided by desalinating sea-water,


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but only at great cost. The rapidly

expanding human population hasgreatly modif ied the E arthsecosystems to meet their increasedrequirements of some of the goodsand services, particularly food, freshwater, timber, fibre and fuel. Thesemodifications have contributedsubstantially to human well beingand economic development. Thebenefits have not been equallydistributed. Some people haveactually been harmed by these

changes. M oreover, short-termincreases in some ecosystem goodsand services have come at the costof the long-term degradation ofothers. F or example, efforts toincrease the production of food andfibre have decreased the ability ofsome ecosystems to provide cleanwater, regulate flooding and supportbiodiversity.

41. With r eference to the passage,consider the following statements.

Expanding human population hasan adverse effect on :

1. Spiritual fulfilment

2. Aesthetic enjoyment

3. Potable fresh water

4. Production of food and fibre

5. Biodiversity

Which of the statements given aboveare correct ?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only(b) 2, 4 and 5 only

(c) 3 and 5 only(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

42. The passage mentions that somepeople have actually been harmed by

these changes. What does it imply?

1. The rapid expansion of populationhas adversely affected some people:

2. Sufficient efforts have not been madeto increase the production of food andfibre.

3. In the short term some people maybe harmed, but in the long termeveryone will benefit frommodifications in the Earthsecosystems.

Which of the statements given above

is/are correct ?(a) 1 only (b) 2(c) 1 and 3(d) None of the statements given

above

43. With r eference to the passage,consider the following statements:

1. I t is imperative to modify the Earthsecosystems for the well being ofmankind.

2. Technology can never replace all thegoods and services provided by

ecosystems.Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct?

(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Passage:2

A moral act must be our own act;must spring from our own will. I f weact mechanically, there is no moral

content in our act. Such action wouldbe moral, if we think it proper to actlike a machine and do so. For, indoing so, we use our discrimination.


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We should bear in mind the

distinction between actingmechanically and actingintentionally. It may be moral of aking to pardon a culprit. But themessenger carrying out the order ofpardon plays only a mechanical partin the kings moral act. But if themessenger were to carry out thekings order considering it to be hisduty, his action would be a moralone. How can a man understandmorality who does notuse his own

intelligence and power of thought,but lets himself be swept along likea log of wood by a current ?Sometimes a man defies conventionand acts on his own with a view toabsolute good.

44. Which of the following statementsbest describe/describes the thoughtof the writer ?

1. A moral act calls for using ourdiscretion.

2. Man should react to a situationimmediately

3. Man must do his duty.

4. Man should be able to defyconvention in order to be moral.

Select the correct answer from thecodes given below :

(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4

45. Which of the following statements isthe nearest definition of moralaction, according to the writer ?

(a) It is a mechanical action based onofficial orders from superiors.

(b) It is an action based on our senseof discretion.

(c) I t is a clever action based on the

clarity of purpose.(d) It is a religious action based on

understanding.

46. The passage contains a statementlets himself be swept along like alog of wood by a current. Among thefollowing statements, which is/arenearest in meaning to this ?

1. A person does not use his ownreason.

2. He is susceptible to inf luence/pressure.

3. He cannot withstand difficulties/challenges.

4. He is like a log of wood.


(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 2(c) 2 and 3(d) 1 and 4

47. Consider the foll owing distance -time graph. The graph shows three

athletes A, B and C running side byside for a SO km race. With referenceto the above graph, consider thefollowing statements :


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1. The race was won by A.

2. B was ahead mark of A up to 25 km3. C ran very slowly from the

beginning.


(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

48. Consider the following figures :What is the missing number?

(a) 7 (b) 8(c) 9 (d) 10

49. Study the following figure :

A person goes from A to B alwaysmoving to the right or downwardsalong the lines. How many differentroutes can he adopt?

Select the correct answer from thecodes given below:

(a) 4 (b) 5(c) 6 (d) 7

50. Consider the following figure andanswer the item that follows :

What is the total number of trianglesin the above grid ?

(a) 27 (b) 26(c) 23 (d) 22

51. A person has only Rs. 1 and Rs. 2coins with her. If the total numberof coins that she has is 50 and theamount of money with her is Rs. 75,then the number of Rs. 1 and Rs. 2coins are, respectively

(a) 15 and 35(b) 35 and 15(c) 30 and 20(d) 25 and 25

52. Three persons start walking togetherand their steps measure 40 cm, 42

cm and 45 cm respectively. What isthe minimum distance each shouldwalk so that each can cover the samedistance in complete steps ?

(a) 25 m 20 cm (b) 50 m 40 cm(c) 75 m 60 cm(d) 100 m 80 cm

53. I f a bus travels 160 km in 4 hoursand a train travels 320 km in 5 hoursat uniform speeds, then what is theratio of the distances travelled bythem in one hour ?

(a) 8 : 5(b) 5 : 8(c) 4 : 5(d) 1 : 2


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54. There are 100 students in a

particular class. 60% students playcricket, 30O student play footballand 10% students play both thegames. What is the number ofstudents who play neither cricketnor football ?

(a) 25(b) 20(c) 18(d) 15

55. A village having a population of 4000requires 150 litres of water per head

per day. I t has a tank measuring 20m 15 m 6 m. The water of this tankwill last for

(a) 2 days(b) 3 days(c) 4 days(d) 5 days

D i r ec t i o n s f o r t h e f o l l ow i n g 4 ( f ou r )


a n s w er t h e i t e m s t h a t f o l l ow . Y ou r

an sw er s to t h ese i tem s sh oul d be based


Passage:

A species that exerts an influence outof proportion to its abundance in anecosystem is called a keystonespecies. The keystone species mayinfluence both the species richnessof communities and the flow ofenergy and materials throughecosystems. The sea star Pisasterochraceus, which lives in rockyintertidal ecosystems on the Pacificcoast of North America, is also anexample of a keystone species. I tspreferred prey is the mussel Mytiluscalifornianus. In the absence of sea

stars, these mussels crowd out other

competitors in a broad belt of theintertidal zone. By consumingmussels, sea star creates bare spacesthat are taken over by a variety ofother species. A study at theUniversity of Washingtondemonstrated the influence ofPisaster on species richness byremoving sea stars from selectedparts of the intertidal zonerepeatedly over a period of five years.

Two major changes occurred in the

areas from which sea stars wereremoved. First, the lower edge of themussel bed extended farther downinto the intertidal zone, showing thatsea stars are able to eliminatemussels completely where they arecovered with water most of the time.Second, and more dramatically, 28species of animals and algaedisappeared from the sea starremoval zone. Eventual ly onlyMytilus, the dominant competitor,

occupied the entire substratum.Through its effect on competitiverelationships, predation by Pisasterlargely determines which species livein these rocky intertidal ecosystems.

56. What is the crux of the passage ?(a) Sea star has a preferred prey.(b) A preferred prey determines the

survival of a keystone species.(c) Keystone species ensures species

diversity.(d) Sea star is the only keystone

species on the Pacific coast ofNorth America.

57. With r eference to the passage,consider the following statements :


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1. Mussels are generally the dominant

species in intertidal ecosystems.2. The survival of sea stars if generally

determined by the abundance ofmussels.



58. Which of the following is/are impliedby the passage?

1. Mussels are always hard competitors

for sea stars.2. Sea stars of the Pacific coast havereached the climax of their evolution.

3. Sea stars constitute an importantcomponent in the energy flow inintertidal ecosystem.

Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 1 and 3(d) 3 only

59. Consider the following assumptions:1. The food chains/food web in an

ecosystem are influenced bykeystone species.

2. The presence of keystone speciesis a specific characteristic ofaquatic ecosystems.

3. I f the keystone species iscompletely removed from anecosystem, it will lead to thecollapse of the ecosystem.With reference to the passage,

which of the above assumptionsis/are valid ?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

60. Consider the following argument :

In order to be a teacher one mustgraduate from college. All poets arepoor. Some Mathematicians arepoets. No college graduate is poor.Which one of the following is not avalid conclusion regarding the aboveargument?

(a) Some Mathematicians are notteachers.(b) Some teachers are not

Mathematicians.(c) Teachers are not poor,(d) Poets are not teachers.

61. A student on her first 3 tests receivedan average score of N points. I f shellexceeds her previous average scoreby 20 points on her fourth test, thenwhat is the average score for the first4 tests ?

(a) N + 20 (b) N + 10(c) N + 4 (d) N + 5

62. In a group of persons, 70% of thepersons are male and 30% of the

Teacher

College

Graduate


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persons are married. If two-sevenths

of the males are married, whatfraction of the females is single ?

(a) 2/7 (b) 1/3(c) 3/7 (d) 2/3

63. The houses of A and B face eachother on a road going north-south,As being on the western side. Acomes out of his house, turns left,travels 5 km, turns right, travels 5km to the front of Ds house. B does

exactly the same and reaches thefront of Cs house. In this context,which one of the followingstatements is correct ?

(a) C and D live on the same street.

(b) Cs house faces south.

(c) The houses of C and D are less than20 km apart.

(d) None of the above

Passage:I

He walked several miles that day butcould not get anything to eat or drinkexcept some dry bread and somewater, which he got from cottagers

and farmers. As night fell, he slept

under a haystack lying in a meadow.He felt frightened at first, for thewind blew awfully over the emptyfields. He felt cold and hungry, andwas feeling more lonely than he hadever felt before. He, however, soonfell asleep, being much tired with hislong walk. When he got up next day,he was feeling terribly hungry so hepurchased a loaf of bread with a fewcoins that he had.

64. When the night fell, he slept

(a) in the open field(b) under a pile of dry grass(c) in a farmers cottage(d) under a tree

65. He soon fell asleep because(a) he was exhausted(b) he was all alone(c) he had not slept for days(d) he was very frightened

66. With r eference to the passage,consider the following statements :1. He was walki ng through the

countryside.2. The cottagers and farmers gave

him enough food so that he couldsleep at night without feelinghungry.Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?


Passage:II

I opened the bag and packed the

boots in; and then, just as I was goingto close it, a horrible idea occurredto me. Had I packed my toothbrush? I dont know how it is, but I never


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do know whether I ve packed my

toothbrush. My toothbrush is a thingthat haunts me when I m travelling,and makes my life a misery. I dreamthat I havent packed it, and wakeup in a cold perspiration, and get outof bed and hunt for it. And, in themorning, I pack it before I have usedit, and it is always the last thing Iturn out of the bag; and then I repackand forget it, and have to rushupstairs for it at the last moment andcarry it to the railway station,

wrapped up in mypockethandkerchief.

67. When he was going to close the bag,the idea that occurred to him was

(a) unpleasant (b) sad(c) fantastic (d) amusing

68. What makes his li fe miserablewhenever he undertakes travelling?

(a) Going to railway station(b) Forgetting the toothbrush(c) Packing his bag(d) Bad dreams

69. His toothbrush is finally(a) in his bag(b) in his bed(c) in his handkerchief(d) lost

Passage:III

In spring, polar bear mothers emergefrom dens with three month old cubs.

The mother bear has fasted for aslong as eight months but that doesnot stop the young from demanding

full access to her remaining reserves.I f there are tr iplets, the mostpersistent stands to gain an extrameal and it may have the meal at

the expense of others. The smallest

of the litter forfeits many meals tostronger siblings. Females areprotective*~*of their cubs but tendto ignore family rivalry over food. In21 years of photographing polarbears, I ve only once seen thesmallest of triplets survive tillautumn.

70. Female polar bears give birth during(a) spring (b) summer(c) autumn (d) winter

71. Mother bear

(a) takes sides over cubs(b) lets the cubs fend for themselves(c) feeds only their favourites(d) sees that al l cubs get an equal

share

72. With reference to the passage, thefollowing assumptions have beenmade :

1. Polar bears fast as long as eightmonths due to non-availability ofprey.

2. Polar bears always give bir th totriplets.

Which of the assumptions givenabove is/are valid ?


D i r ec t i o n s f o r t h e f o l l ow i n g 8 ( ei g h t )

i t em s : G i v en b el ow a r e ei g h t i t em s.

Each i t em desc r i bes a si t ua t i on and i s

f o l l ow ed by f o u r po ss i b l e r esponses.

I n d i c a t e t h e r esponse you f i n d - most

ap pr opr i a t e. Choose on l y one r esponse

f o r ea ch i t em . The r esponses w i l l b eev a l u a t ed b a sed o n t h e l e vel o f

a p p r o p r i a t e n ess f or t h e g i v en

si t ua t i on .P l ease a t t emp t a l l th e i t em s.


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Th er e i s no pena l t y for w r ong answe rs

fo r th ese eigh t i tems .

73. You have been asked to give anexplanation for not attending animportant official meeting. Yourimmediate boss who has notinformed you about the meeting isnow putting pressure on you not toplace an allegation against him/her.

You would(a) send a written reply explaining

the fact.(b) seek an appointment with the top

boss to explain the situation.(c) admit your faul t to save the

situation.(d) put the responsibil i ty on the

coordinator of the meeting for notinforming.

74. A local thug (bad element) hasstarted illegal construction on yourvacant plot. He has refused yourrequest to vacate and threatened youof dire consequences in case you donot sell the property at a cheap priceto him. You would

(a) sell the property at a cheap priceto him.

(b) Go to the police for necessaryaction.

(c) Ask for help fr om yourneighbours.

(d) Negotiate with the goon to get ahigher price.

75. You have to accomplish a veryimportant task for yourHeadquarters within the next twodays. Suddenly you meet with anaccident. Your office insists that youcomplete the task. You would

(a) ask for an extension of deadline.

(b) inform Headquarters of yourinability to finish on time.

(c) suggest alternate person toHeadquarters who may do theneedful.

(d) stay away till you recover.

76. You are an officer-in-charge forproviding basic medical facilities tothe survivors of an earthquakeaffected area. Despite your bestpossible effort, people put allegationsagainst you for making money out of

the funds given for relief. You would(a) let an enquiry be set up to look

into the matter.(b) ask your senior to appoint some

other person in your place.(c) not pay attention to allegations.(d) stop undertaking any initiative

till the matter is resolved.

77. You have been made responsible tohire boats at a short notice to be usedfor an area under flood. On seeingthe price mentioned by the boat

owners you found that the lowestprice was approximately three timesmore than the approved rate of theGovernment. You would

(a) reject the proposal and call for afresh price.

(b) accept the lowest price.(c) refer the matter to the

Government and wait.(d) threaten the boat owners about a

possible cancellation of thelicence.

78. You are the officer-in-charge of avil lage administering distribution ofvaccine in an isolated epidemic hitvillage, and you are left with only one


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vaccine. There is a requirement of

that vaccine from the Gram Pradhanand also a poor villager. You arebeing pressurized by the GramPradhan to issue the vaccine to him.

You would(a) initiate the procedure to expedite

the next supply without issuingthe vaccine to either.

(b) arr ange vaccine for the poorvillager from the distributor ofanother area.

(c) ask both to approach a doctor and

get an input about the urgency,(d) arrange vaccine for the Gram

Pradhan from the distributor ofanother area.

79. You have taken up a project to createnight-shelters for homeless peopleduring the winter season. Within aweek of establishing the shelters,you have received complaints fromthe residents of the area about theincrease in theft cases with ademand to remove the shelters. You

would

(a) ask them to lodge a wri tten

complaint in the police station.(b) assure residents of an enquiry

into the matter.(c) ask residents to consider the

humanitarian effort made.(d) continue with the project and

ignore their complaint.

80. You, as an administrative authority,have been approached, by thedaughter-in-law of an influentialperson regarding harassment by herin-laws on account of insufficient

dowry. Her parents are not able toapproach you because of socialpressures. You would

(a) cal l the in-l aws for anexplanation.

(b) counsel the lady to adjust, givensuch a circumstance.

(c) take action after her parentsapproach you.

(d) ask her to lodge a complaint withthe police.


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Directions for the following 15 (fifteen) items:

Read the following three passages and answerthe items that follow each passage. Your

answers to these items should be based on thepassages only.

PASSAGE-1

Education, without a doubt, has an importantfunctional, instrumental and utilitariandimension. This is revealed when one asksquestions such as what is the purpose ofeducation?. The answers, too often, are to acquirequalifications for employment/upward mobility,wider/higher (in terms of income) opportunities,and to meet the needs for trained human power indiverse fields for national development. But in itsdeepest sense education is not instrumentalist.That is to say, it is not to be justifi ed outside ofitself because it leads to the acquisition of formalskills or of certain desired psychological socialattr ibutes. I t must be respected in i tself.Education is thus not a commodity to be acquiredor possessed and then used, but a process ofinestimable importance to individuals and society,although it can and does have enormous use value.Education then, is a process of expansion andconversion, not in the sense of converting orturning students into doctors or engineers, but thewidening and turning out of the mind thecreation, sustenance and development of self-critical awareness and independence of thought. I tis an inner process of moralintellectualdevelopment.

1. What do you understand by theinstrumentalist view of education?(a) Education is functional and utilitarian in

its purposes.(b) E ducation is meant to fulfi l human

needs.

(c) The purpose of education is to train thehuman intellect.

(d) Education is meant to achieve moraldevelopment.

2. According to the passage, education must be

respected in itself because(a) it helps to acquire qualifi cations for

employment.(b) it helps in upward mobility and acquiring

social status.(c) it i s an inner process of moral and

intellectual development.(d) Al l the (a), (b) and (c) given above are

correct in this context.3. Education is a process in which

(a) students are converted into trainedprofessionals.

(b) opportuni ti es for higher i ncome aregenerated.

(c) individuals develop self -cri ticalawareness and independence of thought.

(d) quali fications for upward mobili ty areacquired.

PASSAGE-2

Chemical pesticides lose their role insustainable agriculture if the pests evolveresistance. The evolution of pesticide resistance issimply natural selection in action. I t is almostcertain to occur when vast numbers of a geneticallyvariable population are killed. One or a fewindividuals may be unusually resistant (perhapsbecause they possess an enzyme that can detoxifythe pesticide). I f the pesticide is applied

repeatedly, each successive generation of the pestwil l contain a larger proporti on of resistantindividuals. Pests typically have a high intrinsicrate of reproduction, and so a few individuals inone generation may give rise to hundreds or

Sustainable DevelopmentCSAT PAPER II 2012

Preliminary Examination
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thousands in the next, and resistance spreads very

rapidly in a population.This problem was oftenignored in the past, even though the first case ofDDT (dichlorodipheny-ltrichloroethane) resistancewas reported as early as 1946. There isexponential increase in the numbers ofinvertebrates that have evolved resistance and inthe number of pesticides against which resistancehas evolved. Resistance has been recorded in everyfamily of arthropod pests (including dipteranssuch as mosquitoes and house flies, as well asbeetles, moths, wasps, fleas, lice and mites) aswell as in weeds and plant pathogens. Take theAlabama leafworm, a moth pest of cotton, as anexample. I t has developed resistance in one ormore regions of the world to aldrin, DDT, dieldrin,

endri n, l indane and toxaphene. I f chemicalpesticides brought nothing but problems, if theiruse was intrinsicall y and acutely unsustainable then they would already have fallen out ofwidespread use. This has not happened.

Instead, their rate of production has increasedrapidly. The ratio of cost to benefit for theindividual agricultural producer has remained infavour of pesticide use. In the USA, insecticideshave been estimated to benefit the agriculturalproducts to the tune of around $5 for every $1spent. Moreover, in many poorer countr ies, theprospect of imminent mass starvation, or of anepidemic disease, are so frightening that the socialand health costs of using pesticides have to beignored. In general the use of pesticides is justifiedby objective measures such as lives saved,economic efficiency of food production and totalfood produced. In these very fundamental senses,their use may be described as sustainable. I npractice, sustainability depends on continuallydeveloping new pesticides that keep at least onestep ahead of the pests pesticides that are lesspersistent, biodegradable and more accuratelytargeted at the pests.

4. The evoluti on of pesticide resistance isnatural selection i n action. What does itactually imply?(a) It is very natural for many organisms to

have pesticide resistance.(b) Pesticide resistance among organisms isa universal phenomenon

(c) Some individuals in any given populationshow resistance after the application ofpesticides.

(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c)

given above is correct.5. With reference to the passage, consider the

following statements:1. Use of chemical pesticides has become

imperative in al l the poor countries of theworld.

2. Chemical pesticides should not have anyrole in sustainable agriculture.

3. One pest can develop resistance to manypesticides.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

6. Though the problems associated with the use

of chemical pesticides is known for a longtime, their widespread use has not waned.Why?(a) Al ternatives to chemical pesticides do not

exist at all.(b) New pesticides are not invented at all.(c) Pesticides are biodegradable.(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c)

given above is correct.7. How do pesticides act as agents for the

selection of resistant individuals in any pestpopulation?1. It is possible that in a pest population the

individuals will behave differently due totheir genetic makeup.

2. Pests do possess the abil ity to detoxifythe pesticides.

3. E voluti on of pesticide resistance isequally distributed in pest population.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

8. Why is the use of chemical pesti cidesgenerally justified by giving the examples ofpoor and developing countries?1. Developed countri es can afford to do

away with use of pesticides by adaptingto organic farming, but it is imperative

for poor and developing countries to usechemical pesticides.2. I n poor and developing countries, the

pesticide addresses the problem ofepidemic diseases of crops and eases thefood problem.


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3. The social and health costs of pesticide

use are generally ignored in poor anddeveloping countries.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

9. What does the passage imply?(a) Al ternati ve options to chemical

pesticides should be promoted.(b) Too much use of chemicals is not good for

the ecosystem.(c) There is no scope for the improvement of

pesticides and making their usesustainable.

(d) Both the statements (a) and (b) above are

correct.

PASSAGE-3

Todays developing economies use much lessenergy per capita than developed countries such asthe United States did at similar incomes, showingthe potential for lower-carbon growth. Adaptationand mitigation need to be integrated into aclimate-smart development strategy thatincreases resilience, reduces the threat of furtherglobal warming, and i mproves developmentoutcomes. Adaptation and mitigation measurescan advance development, and prosperity canraise incomes and foster better institutions. A

healthier population living in better-built housesand with access to bank loans and social securityis better equipped to deal with a changing climate,and its consequences. Advancing robust, resilientdevelopment policies that promote adaptation isneeded today because changes in the climate,already begun, will increase even in the shortterm. The spread of economic prosperi ty hasalways been intertwined with adaptation tochanging ecological conditions. But as growth hasaltered the environment and as environmentalchange has accelerated, sustaining growth andadaptability demands greater capacity tounderstand our environment, generate newadaptive technologies and practices, and diffuse

them widely. As economic historians haveexplained, much of humankinds creative potentialhas been directed at adapting to the changingworld. But adaptation cannot cope with all theimpacts related to climate change, especially as

larger changes unfold in the long term. Countries

cannot grow out of harms way fast enough tomatch the changing climate. And some growthstrategies, whether driven by the government orthe market, can also add to vulnerability particularly if they overexploit natural resources.

Under the Soviet development plan, irrigatedcotton cultivation expanded in water-stressedCentral Asia and led to the near disappearance ofthe Aral Sea, threatening the livelihoods offishermen, herders and farmers And clearingmangroves the natural coastal buffers againststorm surges to make way for intensive farmingor housing development, increases the physicalvulnerability of coastal settlements, whether inGuinea or in L ouisiana.

10. Which of the foll owing conditions of growthcan add to vulnerability?1. When the growth occurs due to excessive

exploitation of mineral resources andforests.

2. When the growth brings about a change inhumankinds creative potential.

3. When the growth is envisaged only forproviding houses and social security tothe people.

4. When the growth occurs due to emphasison farming only.Select the correct answer using the codesgiven below:(a) 1 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

11. What does low-carbon growth imply in thepresent context?1. More emphasis on the use of renewable

sources of energy.2. Less emphasis on manufacturing sector

and more emphasis on agriculture sector.3. Switching over from monoculture

practices to mixed farming.4. Less demand for goods and services.

Select the correct answer using the codesgiven below:(a) 1 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 1 and 4 only (d) None of the

above implies low-carbon growth12. Which of the fol lowing conditi ons is/arenecessary for sustainable economic growth?1. Spreading of economic prosperity more.2. Popularising/spreading of adaptive

technologies widely.


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3. Investing on research in adaptation and

mitigation technologies.Select the correct answer using the codesgiven below:(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

13. Which of the following inferences can be madefrom the passage?1. Rainfed crops should not be cultivated in

irrigated areas.2. Farming under water-deficient areas

should not be a part of developmentstrategy.Select the correct answer using the codesgiven below:(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

(c) Both l and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 214. Consider the following assumptions:

1. Sustainable economic growth demandsthe use of creative potential of man.

2. I ntensive agri culture can lead toecological backlash.

3. Spread of economic prosperi ty canadversely affect the ecology andenvironment.With reference to the passage, which ofthe above assumptions is/are valid?(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

15. Which one of the foll owing statementsconstitutes the central theme of thispassage?(a) Countri es with greater economic

prosperity are better equipped to dealwith the consequences of climate change.

(b) Adaptation and mitigation should beintegrated with development strategies.

(c) Rapid economic growth should not bepursued by both developed anddeveloping economies.

(d) Some countries resort to overexploitationof natural resources for the sake of rapiddevelopment.

16. Consider the following statements:1. All artists are whimsical.

2. Some artists are drug addicts.3. Frustrated people are prone to becomedrug addicts.From the above three statements it maybe concluded that

(a) Artists are frustrated.

(b) Some drug addicts are whimsical.

(c) Al l frustrated people are drug addicts.(d) Whimsical people are generall y

frustrated.17. Examine the following statements:

1. Either A and B are of the same age or Ais older than B.

2. Either C and D are of the same age or Dis older than C.

3. B is older than C.Which one of the following conclusionscan be drawn from the abovestatements?.(a) A is older than B(b) B and D are of the same age(c) D is older than C

(d) A is older than C18. Examine the following statements:

1. Only those who have a pair of binocularscan become the members of thebirdwatchers club.

2. Some members of the birdwatchers clubhave cameras.

3. Those members who have cameras cantake part in photo-contests.Which of the following conclusions can bedrawn from the above statements?

(a) Al l those who have a pair of binocularsare members of the birdwatchers club.

(b) Al l members of the birdwatchers clubhave a pair of binoculars.

(c) Al l those who take part in photo-contestsare members of the birdwatchers club.

(d) No conclusion can be drawn.19. During the last summer vacation, Ankit went

to a summer camp where he took part inhiking, swimming and boating. Thi s summer,he is looking forward to a music camp wherehe hopes to sing, dance and 1earn to play theguitar. Based on the above information, fourconclusions, as given below, have been made.Which one of these logically follows from theinformation given above?(a) Ank its parents want him to play the

guitar.

(b) Ankit prefers music to outdoor activities.(c) Anki t goes to some type of camp everysummer.

(d) Ankit likes to sing and dance.20. Three persons A, B and C wore shi rts of


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black, blue an orange colours (not necessarily

in that order) and pants of green, yellow andorange colours (not necesari1y in that order).No person wore shirt and pants of the samecolour. F urther, it is given that1. A did not wear shirt of black colour.2. B did not wear shirt of blue colour.3. C did not wear shirt of orange colour.4. A did not wear pants of green colour.5. B wore pants of orange colour.

What were the colours of the pants andshirt worn by C, respectively?

(a) Orange and black(b) Green and blue(c) Yellow and blue(d) Yellow and black

21. Ten new TV shows started in J anuary 5sitcoms, 3 drama and 2 news magazines. BrApril, only seven of the new shows were stillon, five of them being sitcoms. Based on theabove information, four conclusions, as givenbelow, have been made. Which one of theselogically follows from the information givenabove?(a) Only one news magazine show is stil l on.(b) Only one of the drama shows is still on.(c) At l east one discontinued show was a

drama.(d) Viewers prefer sitcoms over drama.

22. Read the, passage given below and the twostatements that follow (given on the basis ofthe passage): Four men are waiting at Delhiairport for a Mumbai flight. Two are doctorsand the other two are businessmen. Twospeak Gujarati and two speak Tamil. No twoof the same profession speak the samelanguage. Two are Muslims and two areChristians. No two of the same religion are ofthe same profession, nor do they speak thesame language. The Tamil-speaking doctor isa Christian.1. The Chri stian-businessman speaks

Gujarati.2. The Gujarati-speaking doctor i s a

Muslim

Which of the above statements is/arecorrect conclusion/conclusions?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both l and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

23. Consider the following statement:Though quite expensive, television is not a

luxury item, as one can learn many things

through television.Which one of the following is a valid inferencefrom the above statement?(a) Al l expensive things are regarded as

luxury.(b) Al l essential things for learning are not

luxury.(c) Television is essential for learning.(d) Television is not a luxury item.

24. Mr. K umar drives to work at an averagespeed of 48 km per hour. The time taken tocover the first 60% of the distance is 10minutes more than the time taken to coverthe remaining distance. How far is his office?(a) 30 km (b) 40 km

(c) 45 km (d) 48 km25. Gita is prettier than Sita but not as pretty as

Rita. Then,1. Sita is not as pretty as Gita.2. Sita is prettier than Rita.3. Rita is not as pretty as Gita.4. Gita is prettier than Rita.

26. Given that,1. A is the brother of B.2. C is the father of A.3. D is the brother of E.4. E is the daughter of B.

Then, the uncle of D is(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) E

27. Examine the following statements:1. Rama scored more than Rani.2. Rani scored less than Ratna.3. Ratna scored more than Rama.

(a) Padma scored more than Rama but lessthan Ratna.Who scored the highest?(a) Rama (b) Padma(c) Rani (d) Ratna

Directions for the following 11 (eleven) items:

Read the following three passages and answerthe items that follow each passage. Your

answers to these items should be based on the

passages only.

PASSAGE-1Invasions of exotic species into new geographic

areas sometimes occur natural ly and wi thouthuman agency. H owever, human actions haveincreased this tri ckle to a flood. Human-caused


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introductions may occur either accidentally as a

consequence of human transport, or intentionallybut illegally to serve some private purpose orlegitimately to procure some hoped-for publicbenefit by bringing a pest under control, producingnew agricultural products or providing novelrecreational opportunities. Many introducedspecies are assimilated into communities withoutmuch obvious effect. However, some have beenresponsible for dramatic changes to native speciesand natural communi ti es. F or example, theaccidental introduction of the brown tree snakeBo iga i r r egu la r i s into Guam, an island in thePacific, has through nest predation reduced 10endemic forest bird species to the point ofextinction. One of the major reasons for the worlds

great biodiversity is the occurrence of centers ofendemism so that similar habitats in differentparts of the world are occupied by different groupsof species that happen to have evolved there.

I f every species natur al ly had access toeverywhere on the globe, we might expect arelatively small number of successful species tobecome dominant in each biome. The extent towhich this homogenization can happen naturallyis restricted by the limited powers of dispersal ofmost species in the face of the physical barriersthat exist to dispersal. By virtue of the transportopportunities offered by humans, these barriershave been breached by an ever-increasing numberof exotic species. The effects of introductions havebeen to convert a hugely diverse range of localcommunity compositions into something muchmore homogeneous. I t would be wrong, however, toconclude that introducing species to a region willinevitably cause a decline in species richnessthere. For example, there are numerous species ofplants, invertebrates and vertebrates found incontinental E urope but absent from the Bri tishI sles (many because they have so far fai led torecolonize after the last glaciations). Theirintroduction would be likely to augment Bri tishbiodiversity. The significant detrimental effectnoted above arises where aggressive speciesprovide a novel challenge to endemic biotas ill-

equipped to deal with them.28. With reference to the passage, which of thefollowing statements is correct?(a) Introduction of exotic species into new

geographical areas always leads toreduced biodiversity.

(b) Exotic species introduced by man into new

areas have always greatly altered thenative ecosystems.

(c) Man is the only reason to convert a hugelydiverse range of local communitycompositions into more homogeneousones.

(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) iscorrect in this context.

29. Why does man introduce exotic species intonew geographical areas?1. To breed exotic species with local

varieties.2. To increase agricultural productivity.3. For beautification and landscaping.

Which of the above statements is/are

correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

30. How is homogenization prevented undernatural conditions?(a) Evolution of groups of species specific to

local habitats.(b) Presence of oceans and mountain ranges.(c) Strong adaptation of groups of species to

local physical and climatic conditions.(d) Al l the statements (a), (b) and (c) given

above are correct in this context.31. How have the human beings influenced the

biodiversity?1. By smuggling live organisms.2. By building highways.3. By making ecosystems sensitive so that

new species are not allowed.4. By ensuring that new species do not have

major impact on local species.Which of the statements given above arecorrect?(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4

32. What can be the impact of invasion of exoticspecies on an ecosystem?1. Erosion of endemic species.2. Change in the species composition of the

community of the ecosystem.

Select the correct answer using the codesgiven below:(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2


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PASSAGE-2

Most champions of democracy have been ratherreticent in suggesting that democracy would itself,promote and enhancement of social welfare they have tended to see them as good butdistinctly separate and largely independent goals.

The detractors of democracy, on the other hand,seemed to have been quite willing to express theirdiagnosis of what they see as serious tensionsbetween democracy and development. T hetheorists of the practical split Make up yourmind: do you want democracy, or instead, do youwant development? often came, at least tostart with, from East Asian countries, and theirvoice grew in influence as several of these

countries were immensely successful throughthe 1970s and 1980s and even later inpromoting economic growth without pursuingdemocracy. To deal with these issues we have topay particular attention to both the content ofwhat can be called development and to theinterpretation of democracy (in particular to therespective roles of voting and of public reasoning).

The assessment of development cannot bedivorced from the lives that people can lead andthe real freedom that they enjoy. Development canscarcely be seen merely in terms of enhancementof inanimate objects of convenience, such as a risein the GNP (or in personal incomes), orindustrialization important as they may be asmeans to the real ends. Their value must dependon what they do to the lives and freedom of thepeople involved, which must be central to the ideaof development. I f development is understood in abroader way, with a focus on human li ves, then itbecomes immediately clear that the relationbetween development and democracy has to beseen partly in terms of their constitutiveconnection, rather than only through their externallinks. E ven though the question has often beenasked whether political freedom is conducive todevelopment, we must not miss the crucialrecognition that political liberties and democraticrights are among the constituent components of

development. Their relevance for developmentdoes not have to be established indirectly throughtheir contribution to the growth of GN P.33. According to the passage, why is a serious

tension perceived between democracy anddevelopment by the detractors of democracy?

(a) Democracy and development are distinct

and separate goals.(b) E conomic growth can be promoted

successfully without pursuing ademocratic system of governance.

(c) Non-democratic regimes deliver economicgrowth faster and far more successfullythan democratic ones.

(d) Al l the statements (a), (b) and (c) givenabove are correct in this context.

34. According to the passage, what should be theultimate assessment/aim/view ofdevelopment?(a) Ri se in the per capita income and

industrial growth rates.(b) Improvement in the Human Development

Index and GNP.(c) Ri se in the savings and consumption

trends.(d) E xtent of real freedom that cit i zens

enjoy.35. What does a consti tut ive connection

between democracy and development imply?(a) The relation between them has to be seen

through external l inks.(b) Political and civil rights only can lead to

economic development.(c) Politi cal liberties and democratic rights

are essential elements of development.(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c)

given above is correct in this context.

PASSAGE-3

The need for Competition L aw becomes moreevident when foreign direct investment (FDI ) isliberalised. The impact of FDI is not always pro-competitive. Very often FDI takes the form of aforeign corporation acquiring a domesticenterprise or establishing a joint venture with one.By making such an acquisition the foreign investormay substantially lessen competition and gain adominant position in the relevant market, thuscharging higher prices. Another scenario is wherethe affil iates of two separate multi nationalcompanies (MNCs) have been established in

competition with one another in a particulardeveloping economy, following the l iberalisation ofFDI . Subsequently, the parent companies overseasmerge. With the affiliates no longer remainingindependent, competition in the host country may


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be vir tuall y eliminated and the prices of the

products may be artificially inflated. Most ofthese adverse consequences of mergers andacquisi tions by M NC s can be avoided if aneffective competition law is in place. Also, aneconomy that has implemented an effectivecompetition law is in a better position to attractFDI than one that has not. This is not just becausemost MNCs are expected to be accustomed to theoperation of such a law in their home countriesand know how to deal with such concerns but alsothat MNCs expect competiti on authorities toensure a level playing field between domestic andforeign firms.36. With reference to the passage, consider the

following statements

1. It is desirable that the impact of ForeignDi rect Investment shoul d be pro-competitive.

2. The entry of foreign investors invariablyleads to the inflated prices in domesticmarkets.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

37. According to the passage, how does a foreigninvestor dominate the relevant domesticmarket?1. Multinational companies get accustomed

to domestic laws.2. F oreign companies establi sh joint

ventures with domestic companies.3. Affi li ates in a particular market/sector

lose their independence as their parentcompanies overseas merge.

4. Foreign companies lower the cost of theirproducts as compared to that of productsof domestic companies.Which of the statements given above arecorrect?(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

38. What is the inference from this passage?(a) F oreign i nvestors and multinational

companies always dominate thedomestic market.(b) I t is not in the best interests of the

domestic economy to allow mergers ofcompanies.

(c) With competition law, it is easy to ensure

a level playing field between domestic

and foreign firms.(d) For countries with open economy, Foreign

Direct Investment is essential for growth.39. Examine the following statements:

1. I watch TV only if I am bored.2. I am never bored when I have my brothers

company.3. Whenever I go to the theatre I take my

brother along.Which one of the following conclusions isvalid in the context of the abovestatements?(a) If I am bored, I watch TV.(b) I f I am bored, I seek my brothers

company.

(c) I f I am not with thy brother, then Iwatch TV?

(d) I f I am not bored, I do not watch TV.40. Only six roads A, B, C, P, Q and R connect a

mil itary camp to the rest of the country. Onlyone out of A, and R is open at any one time.I f B is closed, so is Q. Only one of A and B isopen during storms. P is closed during floods.In thi s context, which one of the followingstatements is correct?(a) Under normal conditions only three roads

are open.(b) During storms at least one road is open.(c) During floods only three roads are open.(d) During calamities all roads are closed.

41. Examine the following statements:1. None but students are members of the

club.2. Some members of the club are married

persons.3. Al l married persons are invited for dance.

Which one of the following conclusionscan be drawn from the above statements?

(a) Al l students are invited for dance.(b) Al l marri ed students of the club are

invited for dance.(c) Al l members of the club are married

persons.(d) None of the above conclusions can be

drawn.42. Four poli tical parties W, X, Y and Z decidedto set up a joint candidate for the comingparliamentary elections. The formula agreedby them was the acceptance of a candidate by


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most of the parties. Four aspiring candidates

A, B, C and D approached the parties for theirtickets.(a) A was acceptable to W but not to Z.(b) B was acceptable to Y but not to X.(c) C was acceptable to W and Y.(d) D was acceptable to W and X.

When candidate B was preferred by Wand Z, candidate C was preferred by Xand Z, and candidate A was acceptable toX but not to Y; who got the ticket?(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

43. Consider the following statements:1. Al l X-brand cars parked here are white.2. Some of them have radial tyres.3. Al l X -brand cars manufactured after

1986 have radial tyres.4. All cars are not X-brand.

Which one of the following conclusionscan be drawn from the above statements?(a) Only white cars are parked here.(b) Some white X-brand cars with

radial tyres are parked here.(c) Cars other than X-brand cannot

have radial tyres.(d) Most of the X-brand cars are

manufactured before 1986.44. Consider the following statement: The Thi rd

World War, if it ever starts, will end veryquickly with the possible end of civilization.It is only the misuse of nuclear power whichwill trigger i t. Based on the above statement,which one of the following inferences iscorrect?(a) Nuclear power wil l be used in the Third

World War(b) There will be no civil ization left after the

Third World War.(c) The growth of nuclear power wil l destroy

civilization in the long run.(d) The Third World War will not take place.

45. The elements of the problem figures givenbelow are changing with a certain rule as weobserve them from left to right:

According to this rule, which of the followingwould be the next figure if the changes werecontinued with the same rule?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

46. Consider the following information regardingthe performance of a class of 1000 studentsin four different tests:

Tests I II I I I IV

Average marks 60 60 70 80

Range of marks 30 45 20 0

to to to to

90 75 100 100

I f a student scores 74 marks in each of thefour tests, in which one of the following tests

is her performance the best comparatively?(a) Test I (b) Test I I(c) Test I I I (d) Test IV

47. Six squares are coloured, front and back, red(R), blue (B), yellow (Y), green (G), white (W)and orange (0) and are hinged together asshown in the figure given below. I f they arefolded to form a cube, what would be the faceopposite the white face?

R B

G Y O

W

(a) R (b) G (c) B (d) O

48.

1

2

345

67

89

10 11

P Q

R S

I n the above figure, circle P representshardworking people, circle Q representsintelligent people, circle R represents truthfulpeople, and circle S represents honest people.Which region represents the people who areintelli gent, honest and truthful but nothardworking?(a) 6 (b) 7(c) 8 (d) 11

49. Three views of a cube following a particular

motion are given below:K

AB

H

MK

B

PH

What is the letter opposite to A?(a) H (b) P (c) B (d) M
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