Preliminary Treatment Standard Operating Guidance

Preliminary Treatment Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter

Desired/ Typical Range

Sample Rate

Sample Location & Type Visually inspect process and note abnormal conditions

for indicators of problems.

Note locations of any unusual odors.

Note dumpster levels to anticipate change out.

Check that the screens are running smoothly and brushes are making contact with panels.

Check every 3-4 hours that grit is removed from the grit chambers.

Visually confirm that influent box is free of grease accumulation and hose down if necessary.

Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.

Band screen head loss, ft H2O

≤ 3.3 Continuous DCS

Band screen wash water

pressure at jet pipe, psi

30 – 60 Continuous DCS

Grit chamber, no. units in service

----- Daily DCS

Band Screens, no. online

----- Daily DCS

Per Day

N/A

Per Week

Close gates in influent splitter box to allow water to flow over weirs to break up grease accumulation. Confirm band screen – level increase in channel coincides with increased screen speed.

Key Performance Indicators

KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting

No rags in primary clarifiers N/A Rags clog downstream equipment and cause poor flow distribution.

Check that screens are functioning properly.

No grit in primary clarifiers N/A Wear on downstream equipment and loss of treatment volume.

Check grit chamber operation.

Band screen – level increase in channel coincides with increased screen speed

N/A Overflow of screening and wastewater and safety hazards due to slippery surfaces.

Adjust speed of screen, check instrumentation.

Screenings odors and moisture content

N/A High moisture content may restrict disposal and cause foul odors in dumpsters.

Check brush screen operation. Increase frequency of removal and disposal to landfill.

Dumpster change out approximately every 1.5 weeks

N/A If dumpsters suddenly take longer to fill, it may signal a loss in screenings/grit capture efficiency.

Confirm grit removal equipment is functioning properly.

Expect large quantities of screenings & grit with first flush of peak flows

N/A Overflow of dumpsters if sufficient capacity is not available.

Increase frequency of removal and disposal to landfill.

Primary Clarification Treatment Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range

Sample Rate

Sample Location &

Type

Review recent operating data and trends.

Visual Inspection of each clarifier (see photos):

- Longitudinal sludge/scum collectors - Scum skimmer drive assemblies - Sludge hose pumps, scum hose

pumps - Water surface free of floating

black/grey sludge and grease - No off-gassing (bubbling on surface

of primary clarifiers)

Perform sampling and analysis as required.

Measure sludge blanket and adjust sludge pumping intervals as required.


Influent BOD, mg/L 150 – 300

Su, Tu, Th

Inf. Channel Comp.

Sampler

Influent COD, mg/L 500 – 700

Influent TP, mg/L 6 – 10

Influent PO4-P, mg/L 4 – 8

Every 6 Hrs

Influent NH3-N , mg/L 25 – 40

Influent Alkalinity, mg/L 250 – 400 Every 12 Hrs

Influent TSS, mg/L 250 – 450 8am Daily

Effluent BOD, mg/L 120 – 180

Su, Tu, Th

Eff. Channel Comp.

Sampler

Effluent COD, mg/L 250 – 400

Effluent TP, mg/L 5 – 8

Effluent TSS, mg/L 100 – 200

8am Daily

Per Day Effluent NO3-N, mg/L 0 – 1

N/A Effluent pH 7.5 – 8.5 Every 6 Hrs

Per Week Effluent NH3-N, mg/L 25 – 35

Hose scum trough to remove buildup.

Check location of primary influent and primary effluent composite samplers. Modify location if needed to get best sample after confirming with shift supervisor.

Effluent PO4-P, mg/L 4 – 6.5

Effluent Alkalinity, mg/L 200 – 350 Every 12 Hrs

BOD removal, %

COD removal, %

TSS removal, %

≥ 25

≥ 35

≥ 50

Daily Calculation – Hach WIMS

Sludge blanket depth, ft 2 - 4 2x per shift

Sludge Judge Location

Surface overflow rate (SOR), gpd/ft2

800 – 1,200


KPIs continue on next page. Balanced flow between clarifiers

Not Available

Daily DCS

Key Performance and Leading Indicators

KPI or Leading Indicator*

Range Impacts Troubleshooting

BOD removal, %BOD removal, %

COD removal, %

TSS removal, %

≥ 25

≥ 35

≥ 50

Increased loading on bioreactors.

Check for high sludge blankets. Check overflow rate & influent TSS. Check sampling technique and location.

*Sludge blanket depth, ft 2 – 4

*≤ 4

Poor/decreased solids removal rate.

*Increasing blanket depth early warning for potential poor effluent quality & decreased removals.

Inspect primary sludge pumps.

Adjust pump cycles accordingly.

Surface overflow rate (SOR), gpd/ft2 (average daily)

800 – 1,200

Poor/decreased solids removal rate at high SOR.

Too low of an SOR can result in too much carbon removal for good BNR.

Adjust number of clarifiers online as required.

If effluent BOD or COD drops too much (removals are too high), consider taking a primary clarifier offline.

Balanced flow between clarifiers

N/A Poor flow balance = inconsistent performance between individual clarifiers

Inspect influent weirs for solids buildup and remove buildup if present.

PS solids concentration, % TS

≥ 2.5 summer

≥ 3.0 winter

Poor WASSTRIP performance if too low. Rising/Anaerobic/Septic sludge if too high, especially in the summer.

Adjust sludge pumping cycle to achieve desired blanket depth.

Visual and Leading Indicators of Primary Clarifier Process Problems:

Black floating scum and bubbles at effluent end

Clear clarifier effluent

Visual Indicators of

Healthy Primary Clarifier:

Obstructed influent weir

*May not be a representative sample if it is at the waste location only.

Bioreactors Standard Operating Guidance – Overall

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical

Range

Sample Rate

Sample Location &

Type



Visually inspect each basin and channel for indicators of process problems. (Poor mixing, foam, scum, and debris on water surface – see photos)

Inspect blowers, mixers, and

NRCY pumps for unusual noise,

heat, or vibration and verify that

they are in REMOTE AUTO

mode.

Perform sampling and analysis

as required.

Bioreactor pH 6.8 – 7 Every 6 Hrs Effluent

Grab sample per

Bioreactor

Effluent alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3

> 100 8am Daily

MLSS, mg/L (dictated by aerobic SRT)

2,500 – 4,000 Daily

Anaerobic DO, mg/L 0.0

Every 8 Days verify

with portable DO sensor

Zones in each

bioreactor

Anoxic DO, mg/L ≤ 0.2

Aerobic DO, mg/L 1.0 – 2.0

DO in NRCY withdrawal zone, mg/L

1.5 – 2

RAS flow, % of PE flow 40 to 75 Daily Calculation - Hach WIMS

Effluent SVI, mL/g (30 min) 60 – 120 8am Daily Effluent Grab sample

per Bioreactor

Effluent NH3-N, mg/L < 0.4 Every 6 Hrs

Per Day MLSS distribution among

bioreactors, % ≤ 10%

variation Daily

Calculation – Hach WIMS

Calibrate and wipe down DO sensors on a different basin each day.

Deliver composite samples to GCDWR lab as designated on the Composite Sampling Collection and Analysis Schedule.

Aerobic SRT, days

12 – 15°C

16 – 19°C

20 – 24°C

≥ 25°C

10 – 12

8

7

6

Daily

Effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0.5 8am & 2pm

Daily

Effluent Grab sample

per Bioreactor

Per Week Effluent NO3-N, mg/L < 12

N/A *RAS NO3-N, mg/L < 5

8am Daily

Grab at Waste

Location (Header)

*RAS PO4-P, mg/L < 5




*MLSS distribution among bioreactors

≤ 10% variation

*Trend over time

Poor MLSS distribution affects removal efficiency in bioreactors.

*Increasing variation indicates potential issues

Check influent flow distribution and RAS flow to each bioreactor. All influent gates should be at the same elevation (fully open). Make sure all RAS flow is passing through the RAS blending system (“the spider”).

SVI, mL/g 60 – 120 High SVI indicates poor settling.

Microbiological exam to determine potential cause.

Bioreactor effluent NH3-N, mg/L

< 0.4 Potential permit violation

Check aerobic SRT, DO in aerobic zones (and confirm online probe accuracy), and flow split between reactors. Aerate swing zone if required. Check raw influent and primary effluent concentrations and loads to confirm no spike in loadings.

DO in zone of NRCY withdrawal, mg/L

1.5 – 2 Inhibits denitrification if too high

Reduce aeration near NRCY withdrawal.

Aerobic SRT, days 12 – 15°C 16 – 19°C 20 – 24°C ≥ 25°C

10 – 12

8 7 6

Too short – NH3 breakthrough, loss of nitrification

Too long – Increases effluent P from cell lysis. May contribute to pin floc.

Check SRT calculation. (Make sure WAS flow meter is calibrated and WAS TSS sample location is at the wasting location and is a well-mixed sample).

Check wasting location.

Check WAS TSS.

Bioreactor effluent PO4-P, mg/L

< 0.5

Increased alum and ferric usage.

Loss of P for nutrient recovery if treated with alum.

Check alum dose, RAS NO3, primary effluent P, NO3 and BOD. Address recycle P if primary effluent P is high. If primary effluent BOD/COD load is lower than normal, consider taking a primary clarifier offline. Check DO (confirm online probes) and SRT/wasting. Conduct N, P and DO profiles, bench scale testing and microscopic analysis to troubleshoot further.

Bioreactor effluent NO3-N, mg/L

< 12

Inhibits release of PO4-P by PAOs in anaerobic zone. Potential for floating sludge in secondary clarifiers. Potential for high NO3-N return to influent.

Check secondary clarifier sludge blanket levels, anoxic zone performance, and DO in the NRCY withdrawal location. Check primary effluent NO3-N concentration. Confirm NRCY pump is returning flow to the correct zone.

Alum dose, mg/L

Minimum required to

maintain SE PO4-P KPI

Increased chemical usage. Alum addition suppresses Bio-P. Reduces phosphorus available for nutrient recovery process.

Gradually reduce or increase (5 mg/L increments) alum dose and monitor secondary effluent PO4-P.

*Example photos only, not of FWHWRC

Visual Indicators of Bioreactor Process Problems:

Activated sludge foaming

Minimal foaming, uniform aeration pattern


Healthy Bioreactors:

Uneven/minimal aeration

Secondary Clarifier Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location &

Type



Visually inspect each clarifier: - Clarifier drives and gear boxes

operational - Scum removal system operational - Clarifier weirs and launders are clear of

debris - Water surface free of scum, pin floc,

floating sludge (see photos) - Clarifier feed trough free of foam - Clear effluent


Effluent TSS, mg/L < 15 Su, Tu, Th

SE Splitter Box (Comp.

Sampler)

Effluent pH 6.8 – 7 Every 6 Hrs

Effluent NH3-N, mg/L < 0.4 Every 6 Hrs

Effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0. 5 Every 6 Hrs

Effluent NO3-N, mg/L < 12 8am & 2pm

Effluent alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3

> 100 Every 12

Hrs

Influent SVI mL/g (30 min) 60 – 120 8am Daily

Grab at Bioreactor

Effluent Channel

Per Day

*RAS NO3, mg/L < 5

8am Daily Grab at waste

location (header)

Check number of clarifiers online, SOR and SLR. Deliver composite samples to GCDWR lab as designated on the Composite Sample Collection and Analysis Schedule. Confirm WAS sampling location is consistent with WAS pumping location.

*RAS PO4-P, mg/L < 5

RAS/WAS TSS, mg/L > 10,000 Every 12

Hrs


300 – 500 (avg)

< 1,200 (peak hr)

DailyDaily Calculation Hach WIMS

Solids loading rate (SLR), lbs/day/ft2

< 25 (avg)

Per Week Clarifier sludge blanket depth, ft

2 – 5 Every 4 Hrs SC Bridge

Bleach all clarifiers effluent launders and weirs. Hose down the secondary clarifier influent trough, scum beaching plate, trough, and scum pit.

*May not be a representative sample if it is at the waste location only.


KPI or Leading Indicator* Range Impacts Troubleshooting

Secondary effluent TSS, mg/L

≤ 15 Overloads tertiary processes. Check SOR, SLR, SVI to determine cause.

*Secondary effluent PO4-P, mg/L

*Trend over time *Increasing SE PO4-P indicates potential issues.

See Bioreactor SOG.

*RAS NO3, mg/L ≤ 5

*Trend over time

High RAS NO3 inhibits Bio-P.

*Increasing NO3 in RAS indicates potential issues.

Increase clarifier sludge blanket and check anoxic zone operation.


300 – 500 (average)

< 1,200

(peak hr) Too high SOR/SLR overloads clarifiers. Put additional clarifier online if performance is low.

Solids loading rate (SLR), lbs/day/ft2

< 25

*Clarifier sludge blanket depth, ft

2 – 5

*Trend over time

Too High – Secondary P release, denitrification (floating sludge), high SE TSS

Too Low – High NO3 in RAS and/or dilute RAS.

Increase RAS rate.

Decrease RAS rate.

RAS/WAS TSS, mg/L > 10,000 Poor WASSTRIP performance. Decrease RAS rate if too thin.

*Example photos only, not of FWHWRC

Pin floc, solids in the effluent

Visual Indicators of Secondary Clarifier Process Problems:

Excessive scum, foam or grease on the clarifier surface

Clear clarifier effluent


Healthy Secondary

Clarifier:

Algae growth, uneven flow, solids over weirs

Solids Contact Clarifiers (SCC), Recarbonation Clarifiers, and Granular Media Filtration (GMF) Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location

Review recent operating data, trends, and time of last GMF backwash.

Visually inspect processes and note abnormal conditions or indicators of problems (see photos).

Visually check SCC blanket level, confirm significantly (3 feet or more) below the effluent launders.

Perform sampling and analysis as required. Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not achieved or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.

Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent COD, mg/L

< 20

Su, Tu, Th

Recarb. Effluent Distribution Box

(Comp. Sampler)

Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent pH

6.5 – 7

Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent NH3-N, mg/L

< 0.4

Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent turbidity, NTU

< 2

Recarb. Clarifiers solids blanket, ft

< 1 Every 12

Hrs Recarb. Clarifier

Bridge

Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent TSS, mg/L

< 10 (and less than SE

TSS) Su, Tu, Th

Recarb. Effluent Distribution Box

(Comp. Sampler) Per Day Recarb. Clarifiers

Effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0.05

Backwash GMF Filters every 16-24 hours or as stated by shift supervisor.

Granular Media Filters Effluent COD, mg/L

< 20 Su, Tu, Th GMF Effluent

Comp. Sampler

Per Week

N/A


KPI or Leading Indicators* Range Impacts Troubleshooting

*SCC effluent pH *Trend over time

*High or low pH in effluent

indicates possible

problems.

Add alkalinity if pH is too low.

Recarb. clarifiers solids blanket, ft < 1 Poor solids

removal.

Check that sludge pumps are operational. Adjust sludge

pumping rate/time.


KPI or Leading Indicators* Range Impacts Troubleshooting

Recarb. clarifiers effluent TSS, mg/L < 10 (and less than SE TSS)

Can overload downstream processes if too high.

Check SCC operation. Increase pumping rate/time if sludge blanket is approaching/at the effluent launders.

Recarb. clarifiers effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0.05 Potential effluent quality violation.

Adjust ferric dose.

GMF effluent turbidity, NTU < 2 Can overload downstream processes if too high.

Backwash filter, check/adjust SCC operations (chemical dosing, pumping).

GMF effluent TSS, mg/L < 2

GMF filter loading rate, gpm/ft2 2 – 5 Too high - overloads filters. Divert more flow to membrane train.

GMF effluent TP, mg/L < 0.08 Potential permit violation. Adjust ferric dose, check SCC operation.

GMF Terminal head loss, ft H2O 0 - 9 Poor filtration, turbidity/particle breakthrough.

Increase backwash frequency, inspect media.

Filter run time (time between backwashing), hours

> 16 High recycle flows if backwashing excessively.

Check backwash protocol, check performance of SCCs and Recarb clarifiers to reduce solids loadings.

Visual Indicators of SCC Process Problems:

Healthy Solids Contact Clarifier


Healthy SCC Process:

High blanket, floating sludge

Chemical Clarifiers Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location &

Type


Check ferric chloride feed systems and dosage rates.

Visually inspect process and note abnormal conditions or indicators of process problems.

Verify clear effluent with little floc carry over.


Flow per train, MGD

≤ 13.3 (QMAX30)

Continuous DCS

Blanket depth, ft <1 Every 12

Hrs Chemical

Clarifier Bridge

Effluent pH 6.5 – 7.0 Continuous DCS

Effluent TSS, mg/L (Membrane Influent)

< 10 (and less than SE TSS)

Su, Tu, Th

Membrane Influent

Channel - Composite

Per Day Effluent TP, mg/L (Membrane Influent)

0.04 – 0.15

Membrane Influent

Channel - Grab

Check sludge bulking, wash down with hose. Increase pump time if there is bulking sludge.

Per Week

Conduct jar tests to fine tune operations, if necessary.


KPI or Leading Indicators*


*Blanket depth, ft

< 1

*Trend over time

Floating solids, poor effluent quality. *Increasing blanket depth indicates potential issues

Adjust sludge pumping rate/time.

Effluent TSS, mg/L (Membrane Influent location)

< 10 (and less than SE

TSS) Overloading membrane process.

Check ferric dosage, confirm rapid mix and flocculation are working, and check hydraulic loading on plates.

Effluent TP, mg/L (Membrane Influent location)

< 0.05 Potential permit violation. Check ferric dosage, effluent pH, and flow per train. Check SE PO4 & TP that there isn’t a spike load.

Membranes Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location & Type


Monitor drum screen operations.

Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).



Influent pH 6.5 – 7.0 Every 6 Hrs Influent Channel -

Grab Influent TP, mg/L 0.04 – 0.15 Su, Tu, Th

Influent TSS, mg/L < 10 Su, Tu, Th

Influent Channel – Composite Influent Turbidity, NTU < 5

Effluent Turbidity, NTU < 0.1

Su, Tu, Th

Permeate Header (Comp.

Sampler)

Effluent TP, mg/L < 0.06

Effluent TSS, mg/L < 1

Per Day Integrity test result per membrane train, psi/min

< 0.2 Daily Run

sequence

Deliver composite samples to GCDWR lab (Su, Tu, Th).

Normalized Permeability, per membrane train, gfd/psid corrected to 20°C

> 2

Daily

DCS Per Week Membrane Flux, gfd < 24

Perform maintenance clean every 24 hours (per train). Bleach 6 times per week. Citric on Sundays. Perform recovery clean every 30 days (per train).

Transmembrane Pressure (TMP), psid <11 Continuous

Effluent Temperature, °C < 38 8am & 2pm



Integrity (air-hold) test result, psi/minute

< 0.2

Shows potential impact of operations on membranes e.g. too much air during scour or poor screening. Daily trend gives vital information on condition of membranes.

Depending on results, change air scour operations, check fine screens for breach, check/repair slamming backpulse valves.

Normalized membrane permeability, gfd/psid

> 2 Limits hydraulic treatment capacity, low permeability means membranes are fouled.

Check backpulse system, perform cleaning procedures.

Transmembrane pressure (TMP), psi

< 12 Too high TMP will cause pump cavitation.

Check temperature-corrected permeability, check backpulse system (make sure there are no stuck valves), backwash, perform cleaning procedures.

*Not photos of F. Wayne Hill membranes. Pictures for example only.

Visual Indicators of Process Problems:

Membrane integrity degraded - delamination

Clean & Unfouled

Membrane

Visual Indicators of Healthy

Membrane:

Unusually high solids loading

Pore plugging – foulant captured within membrane matrix

Ideal Pressure Decay Trend Stable Permeability

Unstable and Crashing Permeability

Unstable and Higher than Normal Pressure

Decay Rate

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location &

Type


Record number of GAC adsorbers in service.

Inspect GAC adsorbers and channels for debris, etc.


Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.

Influent TSS, mg/L Not

Available Su, Tu, Th

GAC Inf. Splitter Box –

Composite Influent COD, mg/L

Effluent pH 6.8 – 7.4

Su, Tu, Th

Post-Ozone Dist. Box – Composite

Effluent COD, mg/L < 18

Effluent TSS, mg/L < 3

Effluent Turbidity, NTU < 0.1

Per Day Empty bed contact time (EBCT), min

30 – 45 1x per shift Calculation

Backwash GAC adsorbers every 100 hours or as directed by shift supervisor. Periodically observe backwash sequence for abnormalities.

Loading rate, gpm/ft2 2 – 3 Daily Calculation – Hach WIMS

Backwash media expansion, % 25 – 30 Daily -----

Per Week Fecal coliforms, #/100 mL < 2 Su, Tu, Th Post-Ozone

Dist.Box - Grab

Document any equipment that is out of service for unspecified reasons. COD Reduction %

Not Available





*Return to Service Headloss

*Trend over time

*Increasing trend over time could indicate need for media replacement.

Backwash filter, check backwash interval/duration, check underdrains, check condition of media.

Max Run time, hrs 100 Solids breakthrough, high effluent TSS & turbidity.


Filter headloss, ft Not

Available Reduced filter capacity.





Effluent TSS, mg/L < 3 Potential permit violation. Backwash filter, check condition of media.

Effluent turbidity, NTU < 0.1

Expansion of media during backwash, %

25 – 30

Too low – insufficient backwash flow. Too high – loss/degradation of media.

Adjust backwash flow rate as required to achieve desired expansion.

Effluent COD, mg/L < 18 Potential permit violation if removal efficiencies remain low.

Evaluate upstream processes for possible causes.

Pre and Post Ozone Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location



Adjust ozone dose as required to maintain desired residual.

Visually inspect process and note abnormal conditions or indicator of process problems.

Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage) every 4 hours.


Pre ozone dose, mg/L 1 – 3.6 Continuous DCS

Pre ozone HRT, mins 5.7 – 12 Daily Calculation Hach WIMS

Pre ozone residual, mg/L Sample point 0

Sample point 1

Sample point 2

0.3

0.1

0.0

8pm Daily

Ozone Contactor Sample Ports

Post ozone dose, mg/L 0.5 – 1.8 Continuous DCS

Post ozone residual, mg/L Sample point 0

Sample point 1

Sample point 2

0.3

0.1

0.0

8am &

2pm Daily

Ozone Contactor Sample Ports

Per Day Post ozone HRT, mins 23 – 46 Daily

Calculation Hach WIMS

N/A Ozone Temperature, °C 15 – 30 Continuous DCS

Per Week Ozone destruct inlet temp., °F 40 – 85 2x shift

Read gauge in field

N/A Ozone destruct outlet temp., °F 111 – 156

pH < 9 Daily Post-ozone distribution

box



Ozone demand, mg/L (applied dose – residual dose)

0.7 – 3.3 Increased demand may signal upset in upstream processes.

Check upstream process performance and make adjustments as needed.

Pre ozone residual, mg/L Sample Point 1

0.1

Too low - Poor organics destruction efficiency, poor performance from GAC filters. Too high – Unnecessary ozone usage.

If < 0.1 mg/L increase O3 dose by 0.5 mg/L, then wait 30 minutes and reassess.

Post ozone residual, mg/L

Sample Point 1

0.1

Too low - Incomplete disinfection, permit violation. Too high - Unnecessary ozone usage.

If < 0.1 mg/L increase O3 dose by 0.5 mg/L, then wait 30 minutes and reassess.

Rotary Drum Thickeners (RDTs) Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location & Type



Note any other abnormal conditions.

Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not achieved or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.


WAS solids, % TS 0.75 – 1.5

> 1

Every 12 Hrs

At Waste location, header

PSL solids, % TS 2.0 – 4.0

> 3

Every 12 Hrs

Primary Sludge Pumps - Grab

Blended feed solids, % TS 1.5 Every 12

Hrs RDT Feed Pump

Sample Port

WAS flow, gpm (total) 210 – 350

Continuous DCS PSL flow, gpm (total) 70 – 280

RDT feed flow per RDT (hydraulic loading rate), gpm

< 400

Per Day Polymer dose rate per RDT, lb/dry ton RDT solids feed

< 15 Daily Hach WIMS

Monitor and record RDT drum

speeds and percentage full of

each grease can.

Clean spray bar and nozzles.

Lubricate chain.

Verify trunnion wheels are

rotating smoothly.

Thickened sludge flow per RDT, gpm


Thickened sludge volatile solids, mg/L VSS

Not Available Every 6 Hrs Thickened

Sludge Pump – Grab

Per Week Solids loading rate (SLR) per RDT, dry lbs/hr

< 2,000 Daily Calculation Hach

WIMS Shut down, clean and inspect (all RDTs)



RDT feed flow (hydraulic loading rate), each, gpm

< 400 Poor solids capture, low

thickened solids, excessive polymer dose,

premature wear and damage to equipment if

loading is excessive.

Reduce loading rate.

Solids loading rate per RDT (SLR), dry lbs/hr

< 2,000



Filtrate total solids, mg/L TSS < 200 Overloading of solids to

nutrient recovery process. Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer dose

Thickened sludge total solids, % TS

> 6.5

Poor anaerobic digester performance due to lower digester HRT, increased heating load to anaerobic digesters.

Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer dose.

Polymer dose rate, lbs/dry ton RDT solids feed, each

< 15 Excessive polymer usage. Reduce polymer dose, optimize other RDT KPIs.

*Ratio of Thickened sludge flow to WAS + PSL flow

0.2 – 0.3

*Trend over time

*Too high – Not enough thickening.

*Too low – Too much thickening.

Check and optimize other RDT KPIs.

Chemical Solids Thickening Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical Range

Sample Rate

Sample Location





Influent solids, % TS 1

As Needed Header Underflow solids, % TS 2

Overflow solids, % TS 0.3

Hydraulic Loading Rate, gpd/sf

< 100 Calculate N/A

Solids loading rate, lb/hr per sf < 0.25 Calculate N/A

Removal efficiency, % > 95 Calculate N/A

Per Day

N/A

Per Week

N/A



Blanket Depth, ft < 8 Poor solids capture Increase rate or duration of pumping chemically thickened sludge to centrifuges.

Removal efficiency > 95%

Poor solids capture, sending thin sludge to dewatering centrifuges, sending high solids stream to front of the plant.

Check hydraulic and solids loading rates. Check upstream processes. Check blanket depth.

Dewatering Centrifuges Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical Range

Sample Rate

Sample Location





Sludge feed solids, % TS 2 – 4 Every 6 Hrs Centrifuge

Feed Header

Polymer Ratio, each 10 – 20

Daily Hach WIMS Dilute polymer feed rate, each, gpm

20 – 30

Centrifuge feed flow (hydraulic loading rate), each, gpm


Solids loading rate per centrifuge, dry lbs/hr

2,000 – 2,500

Hourly Calculation Hach WIMS

Per Day Centrate solids, mg/L TSS < 300 Once per Truckload

Centrate sample line

N/A Dewatered cake solids, % TS > 22

Once per Truckload

Centrifuge chute

Per Week Polymer dose rate, lbs/dry ton solids feed

≤ 30 Daily Calculation Hach WIMS

N/A



Centrifuge feed flow (hydraulic loading rate), each, gpm

150 – 190

Poor solids capture, low cake solids, excessive polymer use.

Reduce loading rate. Check feed %TS. Check upstream operations if %TS is out of range.

Solids loading rate per centrifuge, dry lbs/hr

2,000 – 2,500

Centrate solids, mg/L TSS < 300 Overloading of solids to nutrient recovery process.

Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer use.

Dewatered cake solids, % TS > 22 Indicates process failure, high hauling costs, may limit disposal options.

Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer use.

Polymer dose rate, lbs/dry ton solids feed

≤ 30 Excessive polymer usage. Reduce polymer dose, optimize other KPIs.

Anaerobic Digesters Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location


Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions or indicators of problems (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).

Monitor foam and scum build-up, operate the scum removal valve as necessary.


Daily totalized Thickened Sludge Feed, gpd

100,000 -200,000

Daily Hach WIMS

Daily totalized FOG flow, gpd 10,000

Thickened Sludge Feed Flow per digester, gpm

Not Available

Continuous DCS FOG Feed Flow per digester, gpm

Digester total solids, % TS 3 – 5 8am Daily At HEX

sample port

HRT, days > 15 Daily

Calculation Hach WIMS

Per Day Digester VFA per digester, mg/L as acetic acid

50 – 500 8am

Sunday HEX

sample port Record digester level. Digester alkalinity per digester,

mg/L as CaCO3 1,500 –

3,000

Per Week pH per digester > 6.8 Continuous DCS

N/A Digester volatile solids, VS/TS ratio

Not Available

Daily -----

Digester gas production, 1000 cf/day

240 - 550 Daily DCS

Digester temperature variation, °F

≤ 1°F over 24 hours

Continuous DCS

Volatile solids reduction, % 40 - 60 Daily Calculation Hach WIMS

Digester level, ft Not

Available Daily DCS

KPIs continue on next page.

*HEX = Heat Exchanger




HRT, days > 15 Too Low – Poor VS reduction, low gas production, unstable digester.

Monitor sludge feed rates.

*Digester VFA, mg/L as acetic acid

50 – 500

Hydrolysis outpacing methanogenesis. Digester “souring”.

*Rapid concentration increase indicates potential issues.

Improve uniformity and consistency of operations, HRT, feed sludge characteristics.

Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs.

*Digester alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3

1,500 – 3,000

Buffering capacity insufficient to maintain stable pH conditions.

*Rapid decrease in alkalinity indicates potential issues.



*VFA/ALK ratio

≤ 0.35

An early warning of digester souring.

*Increasing trend indicates potential issues.



pH per digester > 6.8 Hydrolysis outpacing methanogenesis. Digester “souring”.



Digester temperature variation, °F

≤ 1°F over 24 hours

Causes digester operational stress, poor performance, foaming.

Check boiler and HEX system, feed sludge temperature.

Volatile solids reduction, %

40 – 60 Poor process performance and stability.


Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs

Nutrient Recovery and WASSTRIP Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location





Reactor feed TP, mg/L 130 1x Day Shift

Per Online Reactor –

Influent Line Sample

Taps

Reactor feed PO4-P, mg/L > 100

Reactor feed Mg, mg/L 100 – 140 1x Day Shift

(M-F) Reactor feed NH3-N, mg/L 200 – 350

Reactor feed Imhoff, mL/L Not

Available 1x per shift

Reactor effluent TP, mg/L 65 Daily (Day

Shift)

Per Online Reactor, Effluent

Line Sample Taps

Reactor effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 25

Reactor effluent NH3-N, mg/L

Not Available

Daily (M-F)

Per Day Reactor effluent Mg, mg/L 1x Day Shift

(M-F)

Verify harvest reseeding schedule is being met. Flush DP Gauges.

Bag available product.

Reactor effluent TSS, mg/L 1x shift

Reactor effluent Imhoff, mL/L 1x shift

Filtrate: centrate feed flow

ratio 1.6 – 3.2

(2.4) Continuous PRISM

Per Week Reactor bed depth, ft 5 – 15 1x shift Handheld

Meters

Clean centrate/filtrate tanks every 2 – 3 months or as specified by plant manager/shift supervisor. Acid wash reactors every 6 months or according to pump health indicator. Acid wash centrate pumps every month or as required. Acid wash centrate piping every month or as required. Reseed each reactor as required.

PSL, % TS 2.0 – 4.0

> 3.0 Every 12 hours

Primary Sludge Pumps

WAS, %TS 0.75 – 1.5

> 1

Wasting Pump Station

RDT filtrate TSS, mg/L < 200 Every 6 Hrs Filtrate Storage

Tank

Centrate TSS, mg/L < 300 Every 6 Hrs Centrate Storage

Tank

WASSTRIP tank HRT, hrs ≥ 5 Daily Calc.

PO4-P removal, %

TP removal, %

> 75

> 50



PSL, % TS

> 2.5 summer

> 3.0 winter

Lower concentration dilutes PO4-P concentration and increases caustic usage for nutrient recovery.

See primary and secondary clarifiers SOGs.

Lower PSL %TS to avoid fermentation during summer.

WAS, %TS > 1

RDT filtrate TSS, mg/L < 200 Overloading of solids to nutrient recovery.

See RDTs and dewatering centrifuges SOGs for trouble-shooting

Centrate TSS, mg/L < 300

WASSTRIP tank PO4-P, mg/L

> 100 Suboptimal feed to nutrient recovery.

Ensure PSL is mixing with WAS in WASSTRIP tank, check bio-P performance. Check Secondary Effluent Alum dose.

WASSTRIP tank HRT, hrs

≥ 5 Insufficient time for phosphorus release.

Increase HRT by increasing level in outer WASSTRIP tank.

PO4-P removal, %PO4-P removal, %

TP removal, %

> 75

> 50

Increased phosphorus loading to head of plant.

Check reactor bed depth, product SGN (particle size), upflow velocity, reactor pH, and feed concentrations. Discuss with vendor if problem persists. In extreme circumstances take Nutrient Recovery offline and stop WASSTRIP mode of operation.

Gas Handling Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor


Sample Rate

Sample Location &

Type



Drain condensate from digester gas storage.



Total Digester gas flow, 1000 scf/day

350 – 800 Daily DCS

Boiler gas used, 1000 scf/day 0 – 300 Daily Hach WIMS

Flare gas flow, 1000 scf/day 0 – 800 Daily DCS

Digester gas pressure, in. WC ≤ 15 Continuous DCS

H2S removal system outlet H2S, ppmv

< 5 Weekly Grab sample

H2S removal vessels diff. pressure, in. WC

≤ 2

Continuous DCS

Digester gas compressor outlet pressure, psi

≥ 35

Digester gas compressor outlet temp., °F

112 – 162 Daily Verify in field

Digester gas dryer outlet temp., °F 65 - 70

Continuous DCS Per Day Digester gas dryer differential pressure, psid

0.02

N/A Digester gas storage pressure, psi 10 – 65

Siloxane removal vessels diff. pressure, in. WC

< 10 Daily

Visually Read at DP

gauge

Per Week Engine digester gas siloxane, ppmv as silicon

6 Monthly Grab

Sample

Check H2S outlet concentration using Dräger tubes.

Engine digester gas pressure, psi 2 – 6 Continuous DCS

Engine digester gas usage (full load), scfm

523 Daily Hach WIMS

Engine CHP outlet temp., °F < 214

Continuous DCS Per Year CHP HEX outlet temp., °F > 140

Check glycol concentration in heat recovery loop annually every October/November.

CHP make up water, gallons 0 Daily Verify in field

CHP pump flow, gpm 180 – 220 Continuous DCS

CHP pump discharge pressure, psi 110 Daily Verify in field



Waste gas burners pressure, in. WC Lead on Lag on All off

12 15 9.5

Overpressure of low pressure digester gas equipment.

Check gas pressure sensors and flaring system.

H2S removal system outlet H2S, ppmv < 5

H2S corrodes equipment, consumes media and compromises siloxane removal.

Regenerate or replace H2S removal media.

H2S removal system diff. pressure, in. WC ≤ 2

Restricts gas flow for compressor and causes negative pressure in gas piping.

Switch to standby vessel and reactivate/replace media.

Engine CHP outlet temp., °F < 214 With engine under full load, the hot water outlet temperature should be 214°F. To recover all available heat

from CHP system, return temperature can be lowered to 140°F out of CHP HX, which is the

engine inlet hot water set point. Outlet temperature will vary depending on digester heat demand.

Confirm digester hot water loop is maintaining temperature set point.

Confirm three-way valve control is operational and CHP pump flow rate.

To recover all heat, digester water loop temperature set point may need to be lowered to 155°F.

CHP Heat Exchanger (HEX) outlet temp., °F > 140

Engine digester gas siloxane, ppmv as silicon < 6

Build-up of silica in engine, which accelerates wear and tear on engine.

Switch to standby vessel.

Replace media.

Chemical Scrubber Odor Control Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter Desired/

Typical Range

Sample Rate

Sample Location

Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions or indicators of process problems (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).



Sump free chlorine

residual, mg/L 25 - 50 Daily Sump

Fan inlet pressure, DP = 20

in. WC Monitor Trend 1x shift Read gauge in

field Fan outlet pressure, in. WC

Recirculation flow, gpm 740 Continuous DCS

Recirculation loop

pressure, psi 26 1x shift

Read gauge in field

Sump level, ft Visually Verify Daily Visually Verify

Per Day Make-up water flow rate,

gpm 5 - 10 1x shift

Read rotameter in field

N/A Sump blowdown color Clear Daily Visually Verify

pH 9.5 – 10.5 Continuous DCS

Per Week

ORP +650 Continuous DCS

Acid wash each scrubber biannually (1 scrubber / month)

Airflow, each, cfm 64,180 Continuous DCS

Airflow Rates Not Available Continuous DCS

Scrubber DP




Influent airflows, cfm North - East North - Center North - West

18, 810 36, 050 22, 356

Poor emissions capture, corrosion. Check airflow meter. Rebalance if required.

Scrubber airflow, each, cfm

64,180 Poor airflow balance between units, poor capture, poor removal efficiency.

Adjust fan speed.

pH 9.5 – 10.5

Target 9.5

Poor H2S removal if too low, scaling of scrubbers if too high.

Adjust caustic dose.

ORP, mV 450 – 700

target +650 Incomplete sulfide oxidation if too low, excess chemical usage if too high.

Adjust chlorine dose.

*Scrubber DP, in. WC

*Trend over time

Media scaling, short circuiting. Acid wash media.

Scrubber H2S removal, %

> 99.9 Odor emissions above fence line goal. Check system KPIs.

Bioscrubber Odor Control Standard Operating Guidance

Procedure Monitor

Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical

Range Sample

Rate Sample

Location

Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions or indicators of process problems (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).



Operation mode Dual bed or Single bed

Daily Confirm with Supervisor

Make-up water flow, gpm 2 – 3 1x shift Read

rotameter in field

Fan inlet pressure, in.

WC Monitor Trend

1x shift Read gauge

in field

Fan outlet pressure, in.

WC

Recirculation loop

pressure, psi 26 1x shift

Nutrient tank level, ft Monitor Daily Nutrient

Tank

Per Week Blowdown flow Confirm present

+ Visually Inspect 1x shift

Chem. Thickener or WASSTRIP

Calibrate recirculation pH probe. Sump pH 2 - 4 1x shift Sump

Per Month Scrubber airflow, cfm 10,500 1x shift DCS

Refill nutrient tank with Miracle-gro. Media Differential

Pressure (2 per unit) Upper: < 2” Lower: < 2”

1x shift Read gauge

in field




*Sump pH

2 – 4

*Trend over time

Low pH indicates biological process is working.

*Increasing pH trend indicates potential issues

Check pH probe calibration. Check system settings. Perform acclimation procedure as a last resort.

If too high – lower make-up water flow.

If too low – increase make-up water flow.

Scrubber airflow, cfm + / - 5% Corrosion, odor emissions above fence line emissions goal.

Adjust fan rate (damper).

*Media DP, in. WC *Trend over

time

High DP – Media fouling or plugging

Low DP – M edia short circuiting

Clean media.




H2S removal, % > 99.9 Corrosion, odor emissions above fence line emissions goal.

Check water flow, air flow, and nutrient chemical feed pump operation. Perform acclimation procedure as a last resort.

Blowdown flow

Confirm present and

visually inspect

Never send blowdown to chemical thickener that is out of service. Low pH of blowdown could corrode concrete and equipment.

Open/close manual valves to send blowdown to in-service chemical thickener or WASSTRIP. If blowdown flow is not present, check make-up water flow and clean strainer.

Preliminary Treatment Standard Operating Guidance

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Transcript of Preliminary Treatment Standard Operating Guidance