Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution...
-
Upload
barnaby-nelson -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
1
Transcript of Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution...
![Page 1: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne
County, Michigan: Part I
March 11, 1998
NRE 501
Robin Saha
![Page 2: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
General Research Question
Are low income and minority populations disproportionately
exposed to the risks associated with commercial hazardous waste facilities
in Wayne County, Michigan?
![Page 3: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Research Design Issues
• Defining geographic areas of impact (“impact zones” or “ host neighborhoods”)
• Selecting a geographic unit of analysis (census tracts versus block groups)
![Page 4: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Location of Wayne County, Michigan
![Page 5: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
STUDY AREA AND TSDF LOCATIONSWayne County, Michigan
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#YI- 94
I- 275
I- 75
US 39
Detroit
TSDFLocation
H u ro n
M o f fe tt
C a n to n
S u m p t e r
R o m u l u s
T a y lo r
H o ll is
V a n B u r e n
D e a rb o r n
W e s t la n dP ly m o u th
G r o s s e Il e
N o rt h v il le
C h a n d le r s
R e d fo r d
T re n t o n
In k s t e r
G r o s s e P o in te
W a y n e
A l l e n P a r k
F la t R o c k
M e r id ia n
S o u th g a t e
L a n g o r
B e ll e v i ll e
R i v e r v ie w
R i v e r R o u g e
R o c k w o o d
H ig h l a n d P a rkH a rp e r W o o d s
#Y
![Page 6: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Considerations in Defining Impact Zones (Design Issue #1)• Proximity of known or potential impacts
• Inverse relationship between distance and impact (social, psychological, economic, environmental, and health )
• Size and shape of geographic units for which demographic data are available
• Previous research and comparability with other studies
![Page 7: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DESIGN ISSUE #2Considerations in Selecting an Appropriate Unit of Analysis
• How different units affect the delineation of host neighborhoods in terms of how well they approximate circular areas
• Want to create host neighborhoods (“impact zones”) that are as equivalent as possible in size and shape (equidistant from hazardous waste facilities) -- inter-case consistency
![Page 8: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Census Tracts with TSDFs
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y
Huron
Moffett
Canton
Sumpter
Romulus Taylor
Van BurenDearborn
WestlandPlymouth
Grosse Ile
NorthvilleRedford
Inkster
Wayne
Grosse Pointe
Allen Park
Flat Rock
SouthgateBellevilleRiverview
River Rouge
Rockwood
Highland Park
Detroit
![Page 9: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Census Tracts at Least Partially within 1/2 Mile Circle Centered at TSDFs
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y
Huron
Moffett
Canton
Sumpter
Romulus Taylor
Van BurenDearborn
WestlandPlymouth
Grosse Ile
NorthvilleRedford
Inkster
Wayne
Grosse Pointe
Allen Park
Flat Rock
SouthgateBellevilleRiverview
River Rouge
Rockwood
Highland Park
Detroit
![Page 10: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Census Tracts at Least Partially within 1.0 Mile Circle Centered at TSDFs
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y
Huron
Moffett
Canton
Sumpter
Romulus Taylor
Van BurenDearborn
WestlandPlymouth
Grosse Ile
NorthvilleRedford
Inkster
Wayne
Grosse Pointe
Allen Park
Flat Rock
SouthgateBellevilleRiverview
River Rouge
Rockwood
Highland Park
Detroit
![Page 11: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1990 Census Tracts Partially within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at TSDFs
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y
Huron
Moffett
Canton
Sumpter
Romulus Taylor
Van BurenDearborn
WestlandPlymouth
Grosse Ile
NorthvilleRedford
Inkster
Wayne
Grosse Pointe
Allen Park
Flat Rock
SouthgateBellevilleRiverview
River Rouge
Rockwood
Highland Park
Detroit
![Page 12: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1990 Census Tracts at least Half within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at TSDFs
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y
Huron
Moffett
Canton
Sumpter
Romulus Taylor
Van BurenDearborn
WestlandPlymouth
Grosse Ile
NorthvilleRedford
Inkster
Wayne
Grosse Pointe
Allen Park
Flat Rock
SouthgateBellevilleRiverview
River Rouge
Rockwood
Highland Park
Detroit
![Page 13: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Number of Census Tracts Partially within and at Least Half within 1.5 Mile Radius of TSDFs
187
110
020406080
100120140160180200
at least 1/2within
partiallywithin
![Page 14: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Area in Decimal Degrees of Census Tracts Partially within and at Least Half within
1.5 Mile Radius of TSDFs
0.0400
0.0209
0.0000
0.0050
0.0100
0.0150
0.0200
0.0250
0.0300
0.0350
0.0400
0.0450
at least 1/2 within partially within
![Page 15: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Area of Census Tracts Partially within and at Least Half within 1.5 Mile Radius of
TSDFs, as a Percentage of Wayne County
23%
12%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
at least 1/2 within partially within
![Page 16: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Delineation of Host Neighborhood as Census Tracts Partially Encompassed by Circle of 1.0 Mile Radius
#
![Page 17: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Delineation of Host Neighborhood as Census Tracts with Area at Least Half within Circle of 1.0 Mile Radius
#
![Page 18: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Census Tracts Partially within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at Env’l Waste Control
#Y
![Page 19: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Census Tract at Least Half within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at Env’l Waste Control
#Y
![Page 20: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Block Groups Partially within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at Env’l Waste Control
#Y
![Page 21: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Block Groups At Least Half within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at Env’l Waste Control
#Y
![Page 22: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Census Tracts Partially within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at ChemMet
#Y
![Page 23: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Block Groups Partially within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at ChemMet
#Y
![Page 24: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Census Tracts At Least Half within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at ChemMet
#Y
![Page 25: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Block Groups At Least Half within 1.5 Mile Circle Centered at ChemMet
#Y
![Page 26: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Census Tracts within 1.5 Miles of City Environmental Facility
X
![Page 27: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Block Groups within 1.5 Miles of City Environmental Facility
X
![Page 28: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
“Underlap” and Overlap of Census Tracts within 1.5 Miles of City Environmental
X
![Page 29: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
“Underlap” and Overlap of Block Groups within 1.5 Miles of City Environmental
X
![Page 30: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Area As a Percentage of 1.5 Mile Circle of Underlap and Overlap for City Environmental
Unit ofAnalysis
Underlap Overlap
Tracts 11.9% 8.7%
Block Groups 5.1% 9.3%
![Page 31: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Comparison of Host Neighborhood Delineations Using Census Tracts and Block Groups
AREA IN SQUARE MILES
Block Groups Census Tracts
1.5 Mile HostNeighborhood
7.37 6.84
1.5 Mile RadiusCircle
7.07 7.07
% of 1.5 MileRadius Circle
104% 97%
![Page 32: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Total Population in Host Neighborhoods Using Tracts vs. Combination of Tracts
and Block Groups
Facility Name
Surrounding Tracts Method (STM)
Fixed Area Method (FAM)
Difference (FAM - STM)
% Diff
Michigan Disposal 4,765 5,637 872 15%Wayne Disposal 4,765 5,637 872 15%
ChemMet 5,050 13,398 8,348 62%Edwards Oil 16,705 17,047 342 2%
Michigan Recovery 17,808 14,996 -2,812 -19%City Envl 29,785 33,428 3,643 11%St. Mary's 32,188 28,384 -3,804 -13%
Petro-Chem 32,854 31,552 -1,302 -4%Envl Waste Control 39,773 28,176 -11,597 -41%
Deerborn 41,884 47,059 5,175 11%Dynecol 42,826 42,008 -818 -2%
Cyanokem 48,878 62,631 13,753 22%Goldshields 63,158 66,064 2,906 4%
TOTAL 375,674 390,380 14,706 4%
AVERAGE 31,306 32,532 1,226 4%
![Page 33: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Selected Demographics of Host Neighborhoods Using Tracts vs.
Combination of Tracts and Block GroupsTotal
PopulationPercent
NonwhiteMean Family
Income
Wayne County 2,111,687 43% $40,241
Surrounding Tract Method
375,674 49% $31,920
Fixed Area Method
390,380 43% $31,016
Difference 14,706 -5.9% -$904
% Difference/Ratio
3.8% 0.88 -2.6%
![Page 34: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conclusions Regarding Host Neighborhood Delineations
• Areas within a given radius delineate significantly different host neighborhoods using partially vs. mostly circumscribed geographic units (tracts or block groups)
• Host neighborhood shape and size can (but do not always) vary significantly depending on whether tracts or block groups are used and urban vs. non-urban locations
• Tract/block group differences appear to be insignificant for highly urbanized locations (based on City Env’l TSDF)
• Need to repeat analysis for other host neighborhoods, especially for suburban and rural locations
![Page 35: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Conclusions Regarding Units of Analysis
• Preliminary findings suggest choice of using census tracts or block groups can significantly influence demographic results
• These differences need be more carefully assessed before research design decisions regarding most appropriate unit of analysis can be made
• Methods for estimating demographic data in “underlap” and overlap areas may address both research design issues
![Page 36: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
THE ENDTHE END
![Page 37: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
STUDY AREA AND TSDF LOCATIONSWayne County, Michigan
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y I- 94
I- 27 5
I- 75
US 39
Detroit
TSDFLocation
H u ro n
M o f fe t t
C a n to n
Su m p te r
R o m u lu s
Ta y lo r
H o l lis
Va n B u re n
D e a rb o rn
W e s t la n dP ly m o ut h
G ro s s e I le
N o rth v il le
C h a n d le rs
R e d fo r d
Tr e n to n
In k s t e r
G ro s s e P o in t e
W a y n e
A l le n P a rk
Fla t R o c k
M e rid ia n
So u th g a te
La n g o r
B e l le v il le
R iv e rv ie w
R iv e r R o u g e
R o c k w oo d
H ig hla n d Pa rkH a rp e r W o o d s
#Y
![Page 38: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Area in Square Miles of Underlap and Overlap for City Environmental
Unit ofAnalysis
Underlap Overlap
Tracts 0.8444 0.6143
Block Groups 0.3630 0.6604
![Page 39: Preliminary Steps toward Developing a Sound Research Design for Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Commercial Hazardous Waste Facilities in Wayne County,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081603/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9ad9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Census Tracts at Least Partially within 2.0 Mile Circle Centered at TSDFs
#Y
#Y
#Y#Y #Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y
Huron
Moffett
Canton
Sumpter
Romulus Taylor
Van BurenDearborn
WestlandPlymouth
Grosse Ile
NorthvilleRedford
Inkster
Wayne
Grosse Pointe
Allen Park
Flat Rock
SouthgateBellevilleRiverview
River Rouge
Rockwood
Highland Park
Detroit