Preliminary Results from the Alternative Fuel Effects on … · 2017-11-06 · Aircraft Separation...
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Richard Moore, Michael Shook, Edward Winstead, Lee Thornhill, Glenn Diskin, Robert Martin, Charles Hudgins, John Barrick, Andreas Beyersdorf, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Luke Ziemba, and Bruce Anderson NASA Langley Aerosol Research Group (LARGE), Science Directorate Brian Beaton NASA LaRC, Aeronautics Research Directorate Dale Bowser, Craig Cleckner, Dean Riddick, Greg Slover, Robert White, and Richard Yaskey NASA LaRC, Research Services Directorate Dan Bulzan and Ruben Del Rosario NASA GRC, Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Fixed Wing Project July 18, 2013 Preliminary Results from the Alternative Fuel Effects on Contrails & Cruise Emissions (ACCESS) Flight Experiment
Transcript of Preliminary Results from the Alternative Fuel Effects on … · 2017-11-06 · Aircraft Separation...
Richard Moore, Michael Shook, Edward Winstead, Lee Thornhill,Glenn Diskin, Robert Martin, Charles Hudgins, John Barrick, Andreas Beyersdorf,
Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Luke Ziemba, and Bruce AndersonNASA Langley Aerosol Research Group (LARGE), Science Directorate
Brian BeatonNASA LaRC, Aeronautics Research Directorate
Dale Bowser, Craig Cleckner, Dean Riddick, Greg Slover, Robert White, and Richard Yaskey
NASA LaRC, Research Services Directorate
Dan Bulzan and Ruben Del RosarioNASA GRC, Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Fixed Wing Project
July 18, 2013
Preliminary Results from the Alternative Fuel Effects on Contrails & Cruise Emissions
(ACCESS) Flight Experiment
Project Overview
Flight experiment with the LaRC Falcon chasing the Dryden DC-8, which burned both traditional and alternative fuels
Ground test experiment behind the Dryden DC-8, which burned both traditional and alternative fuels at multiple power settings
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Crown-Mounted Sample Probe:
Right-Wing-Mounted Cloud Probe:
Ultrafine Particles Fine Particle Concentration Non-Volatile Particle Concentration
Absorption (blue) Absorption (green) Absorption (red)
#2 EngineCrown
#3 EngineCrown
#3 EngineRight Wing
12 April 2013 Flight TimeseriesBackground
#2 EngineCrown
#3 EngineRight Wing
#3 EngineCrown
Flight Data
Blending does not change the overall aerosol emissions index, but does reduce non-volatile particles by 30-50%.
Flight Data
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Crystal concentrations dilute with increasing separation, but not clear trend inice crystal size (which trends with altitude). Crystals appear to be spherical.
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Flight Data
Ground tests enable additional measurements,aircraft power settings, and traceability to past results
• Probe stands mounted at 30 m behind both inboard engines
• Falcon instrument payload + the LARGE mobile step van with additional instruments (shown at right)
• Cycle through fuels, power settings overan approximately 4-hr. experiment
Probes
LARGEMobile Lab
LaRC Falcon
Top-down view of the ground test pad at NASA Dryden with wind rose plot
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6000500040003000200010000
Fuel Flow Rate (kg h-1
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50:50 JP8-HEFA Blend Pure JP8
Cruise Conditions(33,000-37,000 feet)
Ground Test
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Fuel Flow Rate (kg h-1
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Cruise Conditions(33,000-37,000 feet)
Ground Test
Flight “cruise conditions” are not an apples-to-apples comparison with “ground conditions”.
Ground & Flight Data
Lower particle number EIs observed at cruise conditions: Potential ice-particle scavenging?
Ground & Flight Data
Need to Revise
Particle number reductions more apparent from size distribution plots versus CPC-based number EIs
Ground Data
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Pure JP8 50:50 JP8-HEFA Blend
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Note the changing y-axis scaling!
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Blend
Now in aerosol volume space: emergence of a larger, soot mode at higher engine power is apparent
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Note the changing y-axis scaling!Ground Data
Fuel blending reduces overall particle mass emissions index by 30-50%, both soot and SO4 mass are decreased by two-fold.
Ground Data
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Additional instruments during the ground test can probe soot density and shape, but are not suitable for flight.
JP-8/BiofuelBlend
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Engine Power: 7% 30% 45% 65% 85%
95% Confidence Intervals: 7% Power 85% Power
JP-8
Atomic force microscopy image of soot particles, which appear to be coated with liquid organics or sulfuric acid (smooth, rounded edges)
Higher density soot observed at lower power settings (again likely due to liquid-like morphology)Ground Data
Large soot agglomerate:45% EnginePower
Individual nucleation-modeparticles:4% EnginePower
Probe individual particle size/morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Ground Data
Summary &Conclusions
• Five joint LaRC Falcon – Dryden DC8 flights completed
• Extensive ground test of DC-8 emissions and survey of in-service aircraft at LAX
• Project completed in mid-April, but data is already yielding valuable insights into• Influence of biofuel blending/switching• Properties of soot produced under in-flight conditions• Ice particle size distributions and contrail properties (relevant for climate!)• Ground-based aircraft emissions (relevant for urban air quality!)
• Preliminary results show that blending traditional JP8 fuel with biofuel produces similar overall particle emissions, but reduces non-volatile particle emissions by 30-45%.
• Truly a team effort with excellent support/implementation from LaRC SD, RSD, ARD, and NASA Glenn, Dryden, and HQ.
• Looking forward to future flight testing – ACCESS II in December, 2013!
Questions?
