Prehistoric ladies from Macedonia

8/13/2019 Prehistoric ladies from Macedonia

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500

, 2007

published byMUZEJ NA MAKEDONIJA, Skopje

for the publisherLjiljana Stojevska

author of the catalogue and organizer of the exhibionIrena Kolitrkoska Nasteva

authors of the catalogue items - expert collaboratorsIrena Kolitrkoska Nasteva, I. K. N.

Museum of Macedonia, SkopjeMarija Vasileva, M. V.

Instute and Museum - Bitola, BitolaDragia Zdravkovski, D. Z.Museum of Macedonia, SkopjeMarija Atanasova, M. A.

Museum of Macedonia, SkopjeDuko Temelkovski, D. T.

Instute and Museum - Prilep, PrilepAleksandar Mitkoski, A. M.

Instute and Museum - Prilep, PrilepMargarita Stamenova - Atanasova, M. S. A.Instute and Museum - Strumica, Strumica

Trajanka Jovevska, T. J.Naonal Museum - Veles, Veles

Milo Bilbija, M. B.Museum of the City of Skopje, Skopje

Lenka Trajkovska, L. T.Naonal Museum - Kumanovo, Kumanovo

Traje Nacev, T. N.Instute and Museum - p, p

proof reading

Aleksandar Jordanoskitranslaon into EnglishNada Andonovska

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

design and layoutZoran Runev

photographsMiroslav Dimovski

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

conservaon and preparaonStanka Petkovska, Museum of Macedonia, SkopjeSlavica Stojkovska, Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

Realizaon of the project Prehistoric Macedonian Ladieswas funded by The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia

printed byTOTEM, Skopje, R. Macedonia

edion500 copies

SKOPJE, 2007ISBN 9989-917-32-9


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PREHISTORIC MACEDONIAN LADIES


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The exhibion Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies is yet another disnguished contribuon to the overallmuseum acvies accomplished by the Museum of Macedonia.The idea and the eorts of the author are aimed to the scholarly circles and the public at large torepresent the accomplishment from the six decades of researches in the domain of archaeology,through the prism of spiritual and aesthec expression of the ancient populaon living on theseterritories.Ninety-ve Neolithic and Eneolithic ladies have been collected dated to the sixth, the h andthe fourth millennia BC from the Museum of Macedonia and from most of the other museuminstuons in the country. On this occasion I would like to thank to the colleagues to their willingnessto cooperate.I would like to express gratude to the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia for approvingand nancing the accomplishment of this project.

Director,

Ljiljana Stojevska

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The abundance of terracoa gurines depicng women from prehistory. i.e. from the Neolithicand Eneolithic, discovered in R. Macedonia, have imposed the idea of conjoining the most of themtogether and displaying them in an exhibion tled Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies. It embraces anaempt to present, in a single display, archaeological arfacts that are inter-related merely by oneconcept - the woman. The exhibion aims to elucidate a segment of the rich spiritual life of the pre-historic populace seling these territories from the sixth unl the third millennia BC.The exhibion displays ninety four gurines, all of which have been made in clay, with the exceponof one statuee in marble (g.1). This collecon has been compiled from excavaons carried outthroughout the sixty years of Macedonian archaeology.

RESEARCHERS

In the course of years, archaeologists have been tackled by a number of archaeologists. Among themare Grbi M., Gokova P., Maki P., Garaanin M., Kitanoski B., Simoska D., Sanev V., Saroski S., Bil-bija M., Mitrevski D., Zdravkovski D., Kilitrkoska Nasteva I., Stamenova Atanasova M., Vasileva M.,Jovevska T., Trajkovska L., Atanasova M., Temelkoski D., Mitkoski A., Nacev T. etc.

ANALOGIES, CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS AND CULTURAL GROUPSAnalogies to the nds (gurines) are being found, mainly by analysis of the overall discovered ar-chaeological material, including both the architecture (houses, structures, dug-outs, etc.) and the

movable material excavated at parcular sites. These observaons and accomplishments are beingcompared with the features of the nearest and most closely associated cultural groups in the regionand further aeld. In this way the archaeological arfacts are assigned within a certain chronologicalframework.Throughout the decades of archaeological excavaons, researches and reconnaissance acvies thatwere rather intense in the past thirty years, about four hundred prehistoric sites have been iden-ed on the territory of R. Macedonia dang from Neolithic and Eneolithic period. Archaeologicalexcavaons have been carried out only at some of them, having resulted with prey clear picture

of the prehistoric chronological development. Having been correlated by the overall analysis of thearchaeological material, the gurines have been ascribed to a given chronological framework. Theyhave also been aributed specic features and traits of the designated period.By C14 analysis carried out in R.Macedonia and in neighboring countries, and also by comparaveanalysis, the chronological framework of the Neolithic has been set to 6500 - 4800 BC and of theEneolithic to 4800 - 2500 BC.Concerning the Neolithic on the territory of R. Macedonia the basic widely accepted cultural groupsare Anzabegovo-Vinik, Zelenikovo and Veluina-Porodin. On the grounds of overall chronological

analysis three stages have been idened in the Neolithic, classied as Early, Middle and Late Neo-lithic. They correlate with the wider cultural complexion in the Balkans, more parcularly with theBalkan-Anatolian complex, than with the Starevo, i.e. Vina-Tordo complex, Zelenikovo; and the


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complexes Karanovo; Proto-Sesklo, Sesklo and Dimini. Each of the menoned cultural complexionshas been classied into sub-groups according to specic stylisc features and the chronologicaldenion. As to the Eneolithic, the basic cultural group in R. Macedonia is uplevec-Bakarno Gumno,which corresponds to the wider cultural complexion in the region Bubanj-Salkuca-Krivodol. TheEneolithic has also been assigned a more detailed chronology, having been classied as Early, Middle

and Late Eneolithic with further division into sub-groups.

SETTLEMENTS AND DWELLINGSNeolithic selements were relavely small, consisng of twenty or thirty houses located on moundsin plains. In their vicinity there was clear drinking water, ferle soil for culvang grains, naturalresources of salty earth for the cale and other necessies. Houses were built of vercal supportbeams with wale-and-daub between them. They were coated with mud mixed with cale manureas binding material. Walls built in this way were covered with thatched straw of light structure,

presumably with a pitched type of roof. The interior was divided with paron walls. The width ofhouses was normally ve to six meters, their length measuring up to ten meters. In the Eneolithic,the selements were smaller, with fewer houses, situated on higher spots with a parcular strategicposion. Houses were more or less the same as the Neolithic dwellings.

PLACES OF DISCOVERY OF THE LADIESThe gurines of the Prehistoric ladies were discovered mainly in houses, or places which were insome way marked as cult sites, where they were placed on pedestal altars (M. Gimbutas, The God-

desses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500, Los Angeles 1962, p.72). Somemes there are assump-ons that the enre structure was used as a shrine for performing certain ritual acvies. (V. Sanev,Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica, No.9, Skopje 1988, p.9-30).

TYPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONIn regard to the Neolithic, based on typological analysis, gurines have been classied as: 1. free-style gurines expressing postures from everyday life, standing or seated (gs. 1-7, 17-26 and 28-37);2. free-style gurines showing stylizaon, oen column-shaped with emphasized feminine features

(gs. 8-16) and 3. cylinder-gurines, laid on top of the house models (gs. 38-40, 42-54). Most of thedepicted women were adorned with bracelets, armbands, necklaces and diverse hairdos.The Eneolithic period lacked the type of cylinder-gurine on house model, whereas producon con-nued of: 1. free-style realisc, standing and seated gurines, oen adorned with engraved decora-on on the body, resembling taoos (bodies were presumably painted on the occasion of fesvi-es or to express some beliefs (gs. 89-95), 2. free-style gurines showing stylizaon, standing andseated also slightly stylized, with emphasized feminine aributes, jewelry, coiure and pieces ofclothing (gs. 55-80, 82-88).

It should be added that certain differences can be perceived in the execution: Neolithic figurineswere often depicted nude or partly dressed, whereas clothing was rendered on most of the Eneolith-ic ones. There are no essential differences between the two periods in the concept of representing


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women, apart from the ones stated above.Some artifacts of different nature should be singled out, such as domestic utensils - vases depictingwomen (figs. 27 and 81), which are considered by some scholars to have played a particular rolein performing cult ceremonies (Todorova H., Vaisov I., a , 1983, p.214). Very unusual and so far unique is the totem from Madzari (fig.41), which arouses a

sense of admiration, respect and protection by its voluptuousness.

PRODUCTIONThe figurines were made by hand, mainly out of well purified clay. After modeling they were baked ata high temperature from 900C to 1000C. Larger figurines or altars were molded around a woodenpole, which served as a carrier for holding the heavy clay. These poles must be burnt in the processof baking, but there are visible imprints of them on the inside of the figurines. Decorations on thebodies were made either by applying amounts of clay ornamentation or by carving with sharp bone

tools.The figurines have been executed with a high sense of creativity. Each figurine is unique, althoughthey often resemble each other, according to the stylistic-typological analysis carried out. Such is thecase with the Great Mother - Goddess, whose image has been discovered in the regions of Skopje,Tetovo, Kumanovo and Ove Pole (figs. 38-40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, 52 and 53), as well as in Pelagonija(figs. 43, 45, 47, 50, 51 and 54). This should certainly be taken into consideration, since it indicatesclose contact between the populations of these areas, showing also that they worshiped the samegods and shared the same beliefs. These goddess-figurines were confined to a specific area. Namely,

so far they have been discovered merely in R. Macedonia. In some neighboring countries fragmentshave been discovered, that might have belonged to the type of altar-figurine but this cannot be con-firmed with any certainty. This is an argument in favor of certain local beliefs and features distinctiveonly to this territory.One question arises who were these ladies made by - a man or a woman? In that sense, interestinginformation has been obtained from analyses of fingerprints preserved on the clay. In some cases,fingers were thinner, which leads to an assumption that they were sometimes created by womanshands (fig. 78, traces of textile are visible on the clay, with which the figurine was modeled). How-

ever, obvious traces of fingers have not always been preserved, so what we have stated above canonly be a presumption, not a given fact. The question shall almost certainly remain unanswered. Thefact is that they were always designed by the hands of a skilled artisan showing concern for accuratedepiction. In cases where the image showed stylized expression, the creator made a particular effortto emphasize the feminine attributes. The abundance and diversity of coiffures and jewelry point torealistic examples from everyday life.

BELIEFS

Following the data acquired from the archaeological excavations we can conclude that figurines havebeen discovered inside the houses, within the home of our ancestors. These images were placed inareas designed especially for that purpose, forming podiums, pedestals, altar tables, identified as


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cult places.There are a considerable number of images of pregnant women (figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 46 and 60). Theywere probably adored, above all, as carriers of the forthcoming new life, of the generations to come.Due to the fact that figurines were frequently found in fragments, they are considered to have beenritually broken during performance of certain rites, conveying wishes for fertility, easy birth with-

out loss for the mother-to-be, and invoking regeneration for the Mother-Earth. According to thesemancs and the stylisc features of the gurines, as well as the issues that inspired the creavespirit of prehistoric arsans, woman was somemes captured as a symbol of beauty. Some gurinesreect womens concern for the hearth and the home, the house and the family. Example for this arealtars with the image of the Great Mother (Mother Goddess, Magna Mater) embracing the cosmo-gonic symbol, the relaon between Mother-Earth and the universe. Presumably, this is the reasonwhy these images have holes on the top of the cylinder-heads and, occasionally, on the oor of thehouse model. They are to facilitate the communicaon of the earth-house-mother-birthing-cosmos

forces.The woman epitomizing a symbol, modeled into a gurine and mulplied in diverse variees impliesthat she was highly esteemed in the prehistoric community.From the present view, the social status of women was about the same characteriscs, at least inthese territories, so, we nd no dicules in interpreng the symbolic elements encountered insome gurines. The worship, adoraon and respect of women in prehistory was conrmed in almostevery house. There was hardly any of the researched Neolithic and Eneolithic houses that did notcontain an idol of woman.

In the exhibion, one can feel the skillful hands of our ancestors showing a sense of beauty, harmonyand, at some points, the irresisble urge for stylizaon, always with the sole purpose of depicngHER - the highly respected and widely worshiped prehistoric Lady. Women were adored intensivelyand modeled in clay in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods. However, towards the end of the En-eolithic and the beginning of the Bronze Age the predominance was taken by the newly discoveredmetal (copper and bronze) and the creave potenals of arsans was focused on these new mediainstead. Designing gurines of clay gradually died out. New trends emerged in execuon of details ascult objects, including pendants, buons, buckles, pins, belts, etc., inspiring new breath in the spirit

of the prehistoric populaon.

Irena Kolitrkoska Nasteva


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1. FEMALE FIGURINE, marbleTumba, v. Madari, Skopje region

Middle Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik III cultureH. 6.8 cm, inv. No. 317

Stylized female gurine sculpted in marble. The broken-ohead is missing and the triangular torso shows small breasts.

The hands are resng on the belly. The thin waist connues insteatopygous hips in short legs with emphasized thighs.

The gurine is made of ne-grained marble in dark and lightgray colour. It was discovered at House VI in 1989.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

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(5800-5300 ...), - III . 6.8 , . . 317

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6 1989 . - ; . ., . .


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3. FIGURINE, terracoaGurgur Tumba, Bitola

Middle Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin cultureH. 5.5 cm, inv. No. 953

Standing female gurine of column-shaped upper body.She has aened top of the head and modeled nose, hands

resng on the belly. Thighs are emphasized and the beltdepicted on the waist is adorned with applied ornaments.

The colour is grayish-brown.Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

3. , ,

, - . 5.5 , . . 953

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5. FIGURINE, terracoaVeluka Tumba, v. Porodin, Bitola region

Middle Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin cultureH. 6 cm, inv. No. 3606

Stylized gurine with a slightly roundish belly and emphasizedthighs. The pubic area is represented with round applicaon

and two pierces. The colour is ochre.Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.

Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in central Pelagonia,Bitola 1976, 33, g. 35

5. , , . ,

, - . 6 , . . 3606

. . . . - ; . . ., ., , 1976, 33, . 35


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6. FIGURINE, terracoaTumba, v. Opari, Bitola region


Stylized gurine of a seated woman,with hands resng on the belly.

The triangular head resembles a bird head.The mouth and the navel are rendered

with impresso technique.The colour is ochre.

Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.

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, - . 8.4 , . . 1095

. . () . . . - ; . .


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7. FIGURINE, terracoaVeluka Tumba, v. Porodin, Bitola region


Seated pregnant woman, head missing.Arms are folded, one resng on the belly the other one under

the breasts. Knees are marked on the legs.The gurine is reddish brown.

Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.Simoska D., Sanev V., Neolitska naselba Veluka Tumba kaj

Bitola, Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 1, Prilep 1975,T. XI, g. 1, T.XX, g. 1; ., ., Prehistory in

Central Pelagonia, Bitola 1976, 33, g. 35

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. , , , . . . - ; . . ., ., , Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 1, 1975,T. XI, . 1, T.XX, . 1; ., ., , 1976, 33, . 35


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8. FIGURINE, terracoaMramor, v. aka, Veles region

Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik cultureH. 3.4 cm, inv. No. I-8

Fragment of a female gurine where only the torso, the neckand the column-shaped head have been preserved.

Only the emphasized nose is modeled on the stylish head.The torso is at with slightly indicated belly.

Arms are marked with angular shape. The colour is brown.Naonal Museum - Veles, T. J.

8. , , . ,

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9. FEMALE FIGURINE WITH BIRD-EYES, terracoaStranata, v. Angelci,Strumica region

Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik cultureH. 7.2 cm, inv. No. 1022

Stylized female gurine with a at oblong body,very thin in prole. Under the roundish top are incised eyes

and a modeled nose reminiscent of a birds beak.Small breasts aresculpted below the face. There are traces of

arms at the belly. The colour is dark brown.Instute and Museum - Strumica; M. S. A.

Sanev V., Stamenova M.,Collecon of works, Strumica 1989, 9-24

9. , , . ,

, - . 7.2 , . . 1022

, . , , . . . . - ; . . . . ., , 1989, 9-24


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10. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje region

Middle Neolithic (5800-5300 BC),Anzabegovo-Vrnik III cultureH. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 634

Female gurine of at body. The long head and face portrayeyes carved in low relief, small nose and nely

sculpted thin eyebrows. The hair is elaborate in a afro hairdo.The top of the head is pearced and has burnt traces.

Its colour is ochre.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

10. , , . ,

(5800-5300 . ...),- III . 9.5 , . . 634

. . , , . -. . . - ; . ., . .


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11. FIGURINE, terracoaTumba, v. Porodin, Bitola region


Column-shaped female gurine. The nose and the eyes arenely modeled and the wide open mouth shows the cavity.

The gure is adorned with a necklace. The ears and thepreserved right arm are pierced for suspending.

The colour of the gurine is gray.Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.

Grbi M., Maki P., Na ., Simoska D., Stalio B.,Porodin, kasno neolitsko naselje na tumbi kod Bitolj,

Bitolj 1960, Pl.XXIX, fig. 3; Simoska D., Sanev V.,Prehistory in Central Pelagonija, Bitola 1976, p.35, fig. 80

11. , , . ,

, - . 9.5 , . . 14

. . . . , . . - ; . . ., ., ., ., ., , , 1960,T. XXIX, . 3; ., ., , 1976, 35, . 80


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Column-shaped female gurine. The nose and the eyes arenely modeled and the wide open mouth shows the cavity. The

gure is adorned with a necklace. The ears and thepreserved le arm are pierced for suspending.

The colour of the gurine is gray.Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.

Simoska D., Sanev V.,Prehistory in Central Pelagonija, Bitola 1976, p.35, fig.79

12. , , . ,

, - . 10 , . . 13

. . . . , , . . - ; . . ., ., , 1976, 35, . 79


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13. STANDING FIGURINE, terracoauka, v. Topolani, Prilep region


Figurine shaping a column with oval,aened top and modeled nose.

Eyes are depicted with deep slanng incisions.Arms and breasts are slightly indicated.

The colour is gray.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

Macedonian Heritage 17, Skopje 2001, p.61, Pl. I, g. 1

13. , , . ,

, - . 8.6 , . . 907

, . , . - ; . ., . . 17, 2001, 61, . I, 1


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14. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaBarutnica, v. Amzabegovo, Sve Nikole region

Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik IV cultureH. 10 cm, inv. No. N/A

Column-shaped standing gurine, oval in plan.The prosopomorphic face shows carved eyes, modeled noseand slightly marked eyebrows. Folded arms are merged with

the body and marked with engraved line.The hair is depicted on the top with incised zigzag line.

The light ochre gurine is a random nd.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

Koroec P. and J., Barutnica, Prilep 1973, T.XI, fig.11

14. , , . ,

(5300-4800 . ...), - IV . 10 , . .

. , , . . - . . . - ; . ., . . . ., , 1973, . XI, . 11


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15. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaStobi, Gradsko

Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik IV cultureH. 8.5 cm, inv. No. MF 675

Column-shaped gurine in standing posion, oval in plan.The prosopomorphic face shows engraved eyes,

modeled nose and slightly marked eyebrows.Hands are slightly indicated and marked with two small holes.

The gurine of light ochre colour was discovered in 1978.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

Sanev V., Guide of the Archaeological Exhibition,Skopje 1992, p.23

15. , ,

(5300-4800 . ...), - IV . 8.5 , . . MF 675

, . , , . . . 1978. - ; . ., . . ., , 1992, 23


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16. FIGURINE, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje region

Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik IV cultureH. 2.7 cm, inv. No. 528

Miniature female gurine of column-shaped body.The prosopomorphic face shows emphasized nose and incised

slanng eyes. The hair is drawn in a chignon at the top.The gurine is slightly wider at the boom.

It colour is light ochre. It was discovered in 2003.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; D. Z.

16. , , . ,

(5300-4800 . ...), - IV . 2.7 , . . 528

, . , . . 2003 . - ; . .


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17. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaMaevo, Berovo

Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik III cultureH. 10.1 cm, inv. No. N/A

Lower part of a female standing gurine. It has three rows ofimpressed decoraon on the belly.

The hips are slightly steatopygous and on the legs areimpressed dots forming angular paerns.

The gurine colour is light brown and is accidental nding.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

Sanev V., Guide of the Archaeological Exhibition at MM,Skopje 1992, p.22

Keramitiev A., Berovo, Archaeological Map, T2,Skopje 1996, p.10-11

17. , ,

(5300-4800 . ...), - III . 10.1 , . .

. . , . . - ; . ., . . ., , 1992, 22, ., , ,

2, 1996, 10-11


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18. FIGURINE, terracoaZuniver, v. Izvor, Veles region


Part of a female gurine modeled in reddish clay.Only legs, the hips and the waist have been preserved.

The gurine shows steatopygia and emphasized hips.The legs preserved down to the knees

are narrower at the boom.The waist also becomes slightly narrower.The inner side the leg is roughly aened.

Naonal Museum - Veles; T. J.

18. , , . ,

, - . 4.2 , . . I-59

. , . , , . . . - ; . .


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19. FIGURINE OF STANDING WOMAN, terracoaStranata, v. Angelci, Strumica region


Female gurine showing steatopygia. Small breasts are nelymodeled on the at upper body and

the legs are bell-shaped at the boom,presumably for the purpose of stability of the gurine.

The colour is light brown.Instute and Museum -Strumica; M. S. A.

Sanev V., Stamenova M.,Collecon of Works, Strumica 1989, 9-24

19. , , . ,

, - . 7.4 , . . 1023

, . , . . - ; . . . ., ., , 1989, 9-24


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20. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaVrbjanska uka, v. Slavej, Prilep region


Figurine of at body leaning backwards, head missing.It has slightly indicated arms, emphasized steatopygia.The pubic area is indicated with a small circular pierce.

The legs are marked with a notch and end in oval shape.The colour is brown.

NI Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.Macedonian Heritage 17, Skopje 2001, 61, Pl.II, 7

20. , , . ,

, - . 4.2 , . . 48

. , . . . . - ; . ., . . 17, 2001, 61 . II, 7


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21. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaStranata, v. Angelci, Strumica region


Lower part of a female gurine with short,nely modeled steatopygous ghts cut at at the boom.

The pubic area is marked with a carved V-shape line.The gurine is brown on the front and dark gray on the back.

Instute and Museum - Strumica; M.S.A.Sanev V., Stamenova M.,

Collecon of Works, Strumica 1989, 9-24

21. , , . ,

, - . 3.3 , . . 1024

, , , V. , . - ; . . . ., ., , 1989, 9-24


38/114

38



Part of a seated female gurinemodeled in puried reddish clay.

The fragment depicts the thighs, the rear and the waist.The steatopygous rear and hips

probably connued in short legs.Only the waist has been preserved of the torso,

which is considerable thinner than the hips.Naonal Museum - Veles; T. J.

22. , , . , , - . 3.2 , . . I-186

. . , . , . , . - ; . .


39/114

39

23. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaMogila, v. Senokos, Prilep region

Late Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin cultureH. 5.4 cm, inv. No. N/A

Figurine showing steatopygia. The upper body and the lowerpart of the legs are broken o. Pubic area is marked with

incised triangle. Legs are depicted with carved line.The colour is brown.

Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

23. , , . , , - . 5.4 , . .

. , . . . - ; . ., . .


40/114

40

24. TWO-PART FIGURINE, terracoaAli air, Prilep

Late Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin cultureH. 5.5 cm, inv. No. 420

Lower body of a gurine with slightly indicatedpregnancy and pubic area marked with a deep notch.

Legs indicated with carved line are broken-oin the lower part and the knees are pierced through.

On the back side a vercal row of slanng notchesdepicts the spinal column.

The top of almost triangular cross-seconhas a hole for inserng head.

The colour of the gurine is brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

Macedonian Heritage 17, Skopje 2001, 60, Pl.I, 2

24. , , , - . 5.5 , . . 420

. . . . , , . . - ; . ., . .

17, 2001, 60 . I, 2


41/114

41



Anthropomorphic female gurine in a sing posion.The gurine depicts merely the rear, voluminous hips and legs.

The short legs end sharply at the boom.The colour is brownish-red.


25. , , . , , - . 4.2 , . . I-57

, . , () . . , . -. - ; . .


42/114

42



Standing female gurine with hands resng on the hips.Pubic area is indicated with round appliqu.

The colour of the gurine is brown.Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.

Simoska D., Sanev V.,Prehistory in Central Pelagonija, Bitola 1976, p.35, fig.76

26. , , . , , - . 2.4 , . . 8

. . . - ; . . ., ., , 1976, 35, . 76


43/114

43

27. ANTHROPOMORPHIC VASE - JOFKA, terracoaVrnik, v. Tarinci, p region

Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik cultureH. 7.5 cm, inv. No. I/103

Anthropomorphic vase depicng lower part of female bodymodeled with pronounced steatopygia and very short legs. It isdecorated with impressed dots to form triple parallel lines and

double zigzag paerns. When is discovered in an archaeologicalcampaign, a necklace of snails and shells was found inside.

It could be assumed to have been used for keeping jewelry or forcertain ritual purposes.

It has polished surface in gray colour.The le thigh has been slightly damaged.

Instute and Museum - p., T. N.Garaanin M., Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B.,catalogue,

Les civilisations prehistoriques de la Macedonie,tip 1971, 40, fig.48

Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., S.Saroski, catalogue,Urgeschichte Makedoniens, Skopje 1976, 39, fig.91; Sanev V.,Guide Through Archaeological Exhibition at the

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje 1992, 12

27. - , , . , , - . 7,5 , . . I/103

, . . , - . , . . , . . - ; . . , ., ., ., , 1971, 40,

. 48; ., ., ., ., , 1976, 39, .91; ., , 1992, 12


44/114

44

28. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaMogila, v. Senokos, Prilep region

Middle Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 7.7 cm, exc. No. 1946

Figurine of at body with special hole for inserng head.Hands, legs and one breast are broken-o.

It has slightly indicated pregnancy. The colour is brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

28. , , . , , - . 7.7 , . . 1946

., . . . - ; . ., . .


45/114

45

29. CRUCIFORM FIGURINE, terracoaGolem Kamen, v. Lopaca, Prilep region

Late EneolithicH. 6.1 cm, inv. No. N/A

Cruciform stylized gurine of at body.It is cut-at on the top and roundish at the boom,

showing modeled breasts and arms sculpted horizontally.The colour is brown.


29. , , . , . 6.1 , . .

. , . . . - ; . ., . .


46/114

46

30. UPPER BODY OF A FIGURINE, terracoaumuica, Prilep

Middle Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin cultureH. 6.2 cm, inv. No. N/A

Figurine with a head of triangular cross-secon hasemphasized nose, almond eyes depicted with slanng notches

and modeled mouth and breasts. Arms and lower body aremissing. The coiure depicted of densely incised lines drown

into a chignon at the nape.The colour is brown.


30. , , , - . 6.2 , . .

, . , . e , , . . - ; . ., . .


47/114

47

31. STYLIZED FIGURINE, terracoaCrkveni Livadi, Struga region

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 5 cm, inv. No. 125

Completely preserved gurine depicng a woman.The body is at in prole, showing small sculpted breasts.

Rudmintary hands are spread andthe head is merged with the body.

The gurines colour is light brown.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

31. , , , - . 5 , . . 125

. . . , , . . - ; . . .


48/114

48

32. STANDING FIGURINE, terracoaMogila, v. Senokos,Prilep region

Late Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin culture

H. 5.8 cm, inv. No. N/A

Figurine of at upper body, broken-o headand arms missing. It has triangular rear, column-shaped legs

with sculpted feet and emphasized hips.The colour is brown.


32. , , . , , -

. 5.8 , . .

, . , . . - ; . ., . .


49/114

49

33. STANDING FIGURINE, terracoaMogila, v. Senokos,Prilep region


H. 5.8 cm, inv. No. N/A

Figurine of column-shaped body and broken-o arms,legs and one breast. It has nely sculpted nose.

The colour is brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

33. , , . , , -

. 5.8 , . .

. , , . . - ; . ., . .


50/114

50


Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik culture

H. 5.3 cm, inv. No. I-55

Fragment of a female gurine modeled inreddish-brown clay mixed with sand.

Only the at upper body has been preserved,down to the waist, where symmetrical arms have been

merely indicated by the angular shape andsmall breasts nely modeled.Naonal Museum - Veles; T. J.

34. , , . , , -

. 5.3 , . . I-55

. , . . . . . - ; . .


51/114

51


Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik culture

H. 6.4 cm, inv. No. I-9

Fragment of a female gurine modeled in light brown clay.The long thin legs has an emphasized rear.

The upper body of the gurine must have been at.Naonal Museum - Veles; T. J.

35. , , . , , -

. 6.4 , . . I-9

, . . . - ; . .


52/114

52

36. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaKutline, v. Rakle,Prilep region


H. 4.5 cm, inv. No. 126

Figurine of at body, head and legs missing.It shows steatopygia, modeled arms

and slightly indicated pregnancy.Its colour is brown.


36. , , . , , -

. 4.5 , . . 126

. , . . . - ; . ., . .


53/114

53

37. FIGURINE, terracoaDolno Oreovo, v. uplevec, Bitola region

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno culture

H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 845

The at torso of a female gurine has a deep opening onthe top for inserng head. Breasts are sculpted and

the emphasized belly is depicted with engraved lines.The colour is dark gray with shiny surface.

Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

37. , , . , , -

. 9.5 , . . 845

. . . , . . . - ; . .


54/114

54

38. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje

Middle Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik III culture

H. 18 cm, inv. No. 591

The anthropomorphic cylinder is part of an altar portrayingthe Great Mother. Its has so quadrangle shape.

Has been sculpted around a wooden sck. The face portraysclosed eyes carved in low relief. The line of the eyes goes

slightly downwards the inside touching the small nose, whichconnues in the ne lines of the eyebrows. The hair is parted

in many tresses and fastened with vercal hair-pin.The cylinder has a hole on the top.

Its colour is ochre. It was discovered in 1985.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

38. , , . , (5800-5300 . ..),

- III . 18 , . . 591

. . . . . . . .

1985 . - ; . ., . .


55/114

55

39. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje region


H. 14 cm, inv. No. 66

The anthropomorphic cylinder is part of an altar portraying theGreat Mother. Its has so quadrangle shape.

Has been sculpted around a wooden sck. Almond-eyes aremodeled on the face and the ne vow-lines of eyebrows start

from the small nose, marking the eye-hole. The mouth issculpted with a small circle. Bellow the mouth are nely mod-eled breasts. Broken-o arms are missing. The hair is modeled

with ne curls. The cylinder has a hole on the top.

Its colour is reddish. It was discovered in 1981.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; D. Z., M. A.

39. , , . , (5800-5300 . ..),

- III . 14 , . . 66

- . . . . , . . . . -. .

. 1981 . - ; . ., . .


56/114

56

40. ANTHROPOMORPHIC HEAD, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje region


H. 9 cm, inv. No. 418

Head from and altar depicng the Great Mother preservedown to the boom of the neck. The face of slightly triangular

form has half-open incised eyes with modeled edges of theeyelids and eyebrows starng from the small nose. The mouth

is small as well. The hair is depicted with deep carved lines.On the top of the head there is a hole with burnt traces.

The reddish-ochre gurine was discoveredaccidentally in 1988.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M.A., D.Z.

40. , , . , (5800-5300 . ..),

- III . 9 , . . 418

, . . , . . . . . . 1985 .

- ; . ., . .


57/114


58/114

58

42. THE GREAT MOTHER, terracoaTumba,v. Madari, Skopje region

Middle Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik III cultureH. 39 cm, inv. no. 68

Altar with the image of the Great Mother depicted down to thewaist on top of a house model. The column-shaped head and

body have been modeled around a pole, of which there are im-prints on the inside. The ne bow-shaped eyebrows start from

the nose on the at face. Closed eyes are engraved in low-relief.Small breasts and a big navel have been modeled on the body.

The elaborate coiure shows nely sculpted curls and three

brown painted fringes on the forehead. There is a small hole onthe top. The face has been coated with several layers of clay.Folded arms adorned with two bracelets rest on the house with

nger-spread palms. The altar depicts the birth of the Motheremerging from the house and watching over the serenity of the

home. The quadrangular house has two oval openings on thefront and rear side respecvely. Each of the anking walls has aquadrate opening. There are small holes for suspending in each

corner of the roof. The brownish-ochre altarwas discovered in House 1 in 1981.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; D. Z.Sanev V., Neolitsko svelite od Tumba vo s. Madari, Skopje1981, (catalogue); Neolitsko svelite od Tumba vo Madari,

Skopsko, Macedoniae acta archeaologica9-39, Skopje

42. , , . , , - III . 39 , . . 68

- . . . , . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . 1981 . 1. - ; . . ., ., 1981, ();

., , Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 9-39,


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59

43. ALTAR, terracoaTumba, v. Porodin, Bitola region

Middle Neolithic Veluina-Porodinculture

H. 25.5 cm, inv. No. 55

Anthropomorphic model of a house, topped with chimney-shaped cylinder depicng the head of the Great Goddess(Magna Mater). The goddess rendered as protector of the

house wears a ray-shaped necklace ornate with pellets. Thehouse has inverted T-shaped openings on all four sides. The

altar of burnished surface is in dark brown colour.Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

43. , , . , , -

. 25.5 , . . 55

, . ( ), . , - . , . - ; . .


60/114

60

44. THE GREAT MOTHER, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje region


H. 31.5 cm, inv. No. 592

Altar with the image of the Great Mother depicted down tothe waist on top of the house model. The at face portray apointed nose, slightly marked eyebrows and closed slanngeyes carved in low relief. The house of a cubic plan has four

oval openings on the front and read sides respecvely.On one side wall there is M-shaped opening and on the op-posite wall are two slanng holes. There are small holes forsuspending on each corner of the roof. The colour is brown.


44. , , . , , - III

. 31,5 , . . 592

. . , , . . . -. . . . . . . - ; . .


61/114

61

45. ALTAR, terracoaDjorev rid, v. Suvodol, Bitola region

Middle Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin culture

H. 16 cm, inv. No. 1139

Anthropomorphic model of a house topped with chimneydepicng a woman down to the waist. Her skirt is the roof andthe house itself symbolizes the womb. The entrance depicted

by incised triangle symbolizes the pubic area. It is cubic in planand has a round opening on the oor, two triangular windowson each of the anking walls and rectangular entrance on the

rear wall. The colour of the gurine is reddish-brownwith traces of burning.

Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

45. , , . , , -

. 16 , . . 1139

. . , - . . , , . . , . - ; . .


62/114


63/114

63

47. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba Sredselo, v. Mogila, Bitola region


H. 13.3 cm, inv. No. 339

The hollow cylinder is part of an altar, depicngthe Great Mother. A big nose is modeled

over the eyebrow line. Almond-shaped eyesare looking down, showing emphasized eyelid.

The round lips are merely indicated, as associaon ofthe rst shy kiss. The boom of the neck is adorned with

M-shaped necklace. The colour is reddish.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M.A., D.Z.

Sanev V.,From the Archaological Treasure of the SR Makedonija,

catalogue, Skopje 1980, 21, cat. No.56

47. , , . , (5800-5300 . ...),

- III . 13.3 , . . 339

, - . . . . , . . . - ; . ., . . ., ,, 1980, 21, . . 56


64/114

64

48. THE GREAT MOTHER, terracoaTumba Sredselo, v. Mrevci, Skopje region


H. 15.7 cm, inv. No. 318

Altar with the image of the Great Mother depicted down tothe waist on top of the house model. The column-shaped head

and body have been modeled around a pole. The front partof the head is missing. Folded arms rest on the house nger-spread palms. Armband is depicted on the right upper arm.

The house plan shapes a roundish quadrangle.The light brown altar was descovered in 1987.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.Sanev V., Sredselo Mrevci, Archaeological Map of Macedonia,

T II, Skopje 1996, 378-379

48. , , . , , - III

. 15,7 , . . 318

. . . . . . . . 1987 . - ; . . ., , , 2, 1996, 378-379


65/114

65

49. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba, v. Madari, Skopje


H. 10.5 cm, inv. No. 339

The hollow cylinder is part of an altar portraying the GreatMother. Big nose is portrayed on the face, touching the semi-

round eyebrows. Almond-shaped eyes are wide-open.The hair is modeled in tresses fastened on the back in a form

of triangle. The cylinder has a hole on the top.Its colour is ochre-brown. It was discovered in 1982


49. , , . , (5800-5300 . ...),

- III . 10.5 , . . 339

, - . . . . . . 1982 . - ; . ., . .


66/114

66

50. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba, v. Opari, Bitola region


H. 19 cm, inv. No. 2326The cylinder is modeled to form a human countenance of

nely modeled chin. Earrings are depicted on the ears and thenecklace is rendered by semi-spheric applicaons.

The colour is brown.Insitute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

50. , , . , , -

. 19 , . . 2326 . , . . - ; . .


67/114

67

51. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaVeluka Tumba, v. Porodin,Bitola region


H. 10 cm, inv. No. 10220Part of an altar that must have been chimney on top of a

house model. The cylinder portrays the image of a goddessreferred to as the Great Mother, wearing earring-pendants.

The hollow cylinder is at on the top andhas an opening in the middle. The colour is brown.

Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.Simoska D., Sanev V., Neolithic selement Veleka Tumba near

Bitola,Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 1,Prilep 1975, Pl. XXII, g. 1; Simoska D., Sanev V.,

Prehistory in Central Pelagonia, Bitola 1976, 33, g. 42

51. , , . , , -

. 10 , . . 10220 . , .. . .. . , . , . . - ; . . ., ., , Macedoniae acta archaeologica 1, 1975,. XXIII, . 1; ., ., , 1976, 33, . 42


68/114

68

52. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba, v. Dolno Palite, Tetovo region


H. 6.5 cm, inv. No. 255Part of a head showing nely portrayed, wide open almond-shaped eyes with far-away look. Eyebrows are depicted by

ne bows starng from the small nose, marking the eye-hole.Two incised slanng lines at the boom are presumably part

of a necklace. The hair is rendered by zigzag lines carved inlow relief. The cylinder is in reddish-ochre colour with traces of

burning. It was discovered in 1987.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; D. Z.

Zdravkovski D., Saroski S.,Archaeological Report 28,Ljubljana 1989, 43; Saroski S., Zdravkovski D., Macedoniae

Acta Archaeologica 12, Skopje 1991, 131-144

52. , , . , (5800-5300 . ...),

- III . 6.5 , . . 255

. , , . . , . - . . . 1987 . - ; . . ., .,Arheoloki pregled, Ljubljana1989, 43; ., .,Macedoniae acta archaeologica 12, 1991, 131-144


69/114

69

53. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracoaTumba, air,Skopje


H. 15.5 cm, inv. No. 501The anthropomorphic cylinder is a part of an altar portraying

the Great Mother. Its basic plan forms an irregular square andhas been sculpted around a wooden sck.

The face is depicted with incised eyes and a small noseconnuing in ne semi-circular eyebrows. The small mouth is

engraved in low-relief. The hair is modeled with ne curls.The cylinder has a hole on the top.

Its colour is ochre. Found accidentally in 1999.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.

53. , , . , (5800-5300 . ...),

- III . 15.5 , . . 501

, - . . . , . . -. . . 1999 . - ; . ., . .


70/114

70



H. 12 cm, inv. No. 33The cylinder must have been a part of an altar shaping

a house model, represenng its chimney. It portrays the imageof the Great Mother wearing semi-spherical earrings and

a necklace depicted by two lines of impressed dots.The gurine is in brown colour

Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.Grbi M., Maki P, Na S., Somoska D., Stalio B.,

Porodin, kasno neolitsko naselje na Tumbi kod Bitolj, Bitola1960; Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in Central Pelagonia,

Bitola 1976, 35, g. 93

54. , , . , , -

. 12 , . . 33 . . * . . - ; . . ., ., ., ., ., , , 1960; ., ., , 1976, 35, . 93

* () .


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71

55. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaTretena Stena, v. Manasr, Prilep region

Late Eneolithic

H. 6 cm, exc. no. 1356Figurine with head broken-o, le arm

and legs are missing. It has modelled breasts,the folded right arm touching the belly.

The coulour is grayish-brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

55. , , . ,

. 6 , . . 1356 , . , . . ; . ., . .


72/114

72

56. SEATED LADY, terracoaRiver Drim Ouall, Struga

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 7.5 cm, inv. No. 276

Woman sing in a yoga posion. It has polished round head

merging with a long cylindric neck, which stands on an uprightbody. Eyes,nose and mouth are slightly marked on the face.

Hands are depicted on the belly with impressed line.The boom and the legs forming a triangle, stable for sing.

The back bears engraved paern of double diamond.The colour i dark gray.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.Garaanin M., Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., Les Civili-saons prhistoriques de la Macedonie, p 1971, g 129;

Kolitrkoska Nasteva I., Guide through the Archaeologic

Exhibion at the Museum of Macedonia, Skopje 1992, p.30;Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., Saroski S.,Urgeschichte Macedoniens, Skopje 1976, 48, g.359

56. , , , - . 7.5 , . . 276

.

, e . , . , , . . . - ; . . . ., ., ., ., , 1971, 129; .,

, 1992, . 30, , ., ., ., , 1976, 48, . 359


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73

57. SEATED WOMAN, terracoaCarevi Kuli, Strumica


H. 4.9 cm, inv. No. 1079Lower part of a seated female gurine preserved up to the

thin waist. It has a small belly and joined legswith emphasized thighs, but without feet.

The gurine is light brown with races of darker nuancein the pubic area and under the belly.

Instute and Museum - Strumica; M. S. A.

57. , , , -

. 4.9 , . 1079 , . , . . - ; . . .


74/114

74



H. 7 cm, inv. No. 7Seated female gurine. The head is missing, folded hands rest

below the belly. Thighs are emphasized.The polished surface is in grayish-black colour.

Insitute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.Grbi M., Maki P, Na S., Somoska D., Stalio B., Porodin,

Porodin, Late Neolic Setlement at Tumba near Bitola, Bitola1960; Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in Central Pelagonia,

Bitola 1976, 35, g. 77

58. , , . , , -

. 7 , . . 7 . , , . , . - ; . . ., ., ., ., ., , , 1960; ., ., , 1976, 35, . 77


75/114

75

59. STYLIZEED SEATED WOMAN, terracoaTumba, v. Crnobuki, Bitola region


H. 4.7 cm, inv. No. N/APear-shaped seated gurine with rudimented legs,

hands resng on the hips. The gurinehas been modeled hasly in stylized manner.

Its colour is brown.Museum of Macedonia; I. K. N.

59. , , . , , -

. 4.7 , . . . . , .. . . - ; . . .


76/114

76



H. 8 cm, inv. No. 953Depicon of a pregnant woman seated on a four-legged stool,

with modeled breasts. The head is missing.The colour of the gurine is reddish-brown.

Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in cenrtal Pelagonia,

Bitola 1976, 48, g. 225

60. , , . , , - . 8 , . . 953

. , . . - ; . . ., ., , 1976, 48, . 225


77/114

77

61. FIGURINE, terracoaGolema Tumba, v. Trn, Bitola region

Late Neolithic, Trn cultureH. 7 cm, inv. No. 298

Female gurine seated on a chair, head and arms missing.Breasts are modeled on the at upper body.

The colour is reddish-brown.Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in cenrtal Pelagonia,Bitola 1976, 44, g. 159

61. , , . , , . 7 , . . 298

. . , . -. - ; . . ., ., , 1976, 44, . 159


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78

62. SEATED FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaTumba, v. Crnobuki, Prilep region


Female gurine of at body in prole. At the front, carved linesmark the breasts and the pubic area, depicng also pieces ofgarment. There are traces of hair-do on the top of the head.

The countenance is stylized.The legs form a cone at the boom.The colour of the gurine is brown.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.Nasteva Kolitrkoska I., Guide through the archaeological

exhibion at the MM, Skopje 1992, 30; Kolitrkoska Nasteva I.,

Archaeological Map of Macedonia, Vol. I,MANU, Skopje 1994, 50

62. , ,. , , - . 9.5 , . . 47

. , . , , . . . - ; . . . ., , 1992, 30; ., . ,,

1994, 50


79/114


80/114

80

64. FIGURINE OF A SEATED WOMAN, terracoaTumba, v. Crnobuki, Bitola region

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 6.2 cm, inv. No. N/A

Stylized gurine of a seated woman with cone-shaped headmerging with the shoulders. Spread hands are raised to the

level of the breasts. The woman has emphasized and swallenbelly and ineptly applied breasts. The legs folded at the knees

are shorter, without feet. The gurine is dark-brown.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in cenrtal Pelagonia,Bitola 1976, 46, g. 205;

Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., Saroski S.,

Prehistory in Macedonia, Skopje 1976, 50, g. 414

64. , , . , , - . 6.2 , . .

. . . . , . . . - ; . . . ., ., , 1976, 46, . 205; ., ., .,

., , 1976, 50, .414


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81

65. UPPER BODY OF A WOMAN, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 6.7 cm, inv. No. 3/II

Upper part of a woman with stylized head. Only two-humpednose has been modeled on the face. On both sides on the

big ears there are two pierced holes one above another,which might have been used for passing a tread and used asa pendant. It is decorated with short slanng notches under

the armpits. The breasts and the pubic area are marked withincised triangles. There are traces of red colouring on the bur-

nished light brown surface.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

Kolitrkoska Nasteva I., Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 15,Skopje 1999,28

65. , , . , , - . 6.7 , . . 3/II

. . , , , , . . . . , .

- ; . . . ., Macedoniae acta archaeologica 15, 1999, 28


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82

66. FIGURINE, terracoaKartalica, v. Izvor, Veles region


Fragment of a female gurine of which pnly part of the neckand the torso have been preserved down to the breasts.

The massive neck shapes a column. It connues in slightlymodelled shoulders. In the breast area a moulded round

medallion is suspended on a necklace rendered by carved line.The colour is ochre.


66. , , . , , - . 3.7 , . . I-187

. . . . . - ; . .


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83

67. FIGURINE - TORSO, terracoaBakarno Gumno, v. epigovo, Prilep region

Middle Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 5 cm, inv. No. 1206

Figurine of oval body with special hole for inserng head.Arms and lower body are missing. It has burnished surface and

modeled breasts. The colour is dark gray.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

Prehistory in Macedonia, Skopje 1976, (catalogue), cat. No.388

67. - , , . , , - . 5 , . . 1206

. . , . . - ; . ., . . , 1976 (),. . 388


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84

68. FIGURINE - TORSO, terracoaCarevi Kuli, Strumica


Fragment of a gurine where only the torso andpart of the arms have been preserved.

Two vercal lines are carved between the slightly markedbreasts. The colour is reddish-brown.

Instute and Museum - Strumica; M. S. A.

68. - , , , - . 2.6 , . . 544

, , . , . -. - ; . . .


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85

69. BELL-LIKE FIGURINE, terracoaMogila, v. Senokos,Prilep region

Late Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin cultureH. 7.3cm, inv. No. N/A

Hollow gurine of which the broken-o lower body is missing.It has portrayed nose, eyes depicted with slanng notches,modeled arms and breasts. The gurine is decorated with

incised lozenges at the front. The colour is brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

69. , ,. , , - . 7.3 , . .

. , , . . . . - ; . ., . .


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86

70. FIGURINE OF A WOMAN, terracoaStranata, v. Angelci, Strumica region


Middle part of female gurine showing streatopygia.The upper body is broken-o and the legs are missing.

The pubic area is marked with an incised triangle. The belly isemphasized possibly showing pregnancy. Two concave spots

mark the lumbar-sacral area. The colour is light brown.Instute and Museum - Strumica; M. S. A.

Sanev V., Stamenova D., Collecon of Works,Strumica 1989, 9-24

70. , , . , , - . 7.8 , . . 1025

, . , . , , , , - . . - ; . . . ., ., , 1989, 9-24


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87

71. TORSO OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region


Upper part of female gurine. Broken-o head is missing andhands raised in posture of adoraon

have not been fully preserved. Below the neck, a V-shapeddouble line is incised and the same

inverted paern is carved at the back near the waist.There are traces of the partly broken-o belly.

The surface is burnished, showing remaining of red colouring.The torso is light brown.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

71. , , . , , - . 6.5 , . . 134/II

. , , . , V, , , . . , . . - ; . . .


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88

72. FIGURINE WITH ENGRAVED DECORATION, terracoaKutline, v. Rakle, Prilep region

Late Neneolithic, Angelci-Zelenikovo cultureH. 8.3 cm, inv. No. N/A

Upper part of a gurine of at body, head is missing.The gurine has modeled arms and breasts, showing slightly

indicated pregnancy. Clothing is depicted with engraved linesand aached round ornaments on the front and on the back.

At the boom a hole can be seen for inserng a sck in theprocess of modeling. The colour is brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

Macedonian Heritage No.17, Skopje 2001.60, T.III, 1

72. , , . , , - . 8.3 , . .

. , . . . , , . . - ; . ., . . , 17, 2001, 60, . III, 1


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89



Fragment of a female gurine showing at torso with nomarks for arms. One horizontal line is incised on the belly.

Breasts are adorned with a modeled round medallionsuspended on three incised lines.

The colour is brownish-gray.Naonal Museum - Veles; T. J.

73. , , . a, , - . 5.2 , . . I-2

. . . -. - ; . .


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90



Female gurine of at body with deep opening for inserng ahead. Legs are shaered, the breasts and belly nely

modeled. The pubic triangle is rendered withdouble incised line.

The colour is light brown.Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in Central Pelagonia,Bitola 1976, 47, g. 223

74. , , . , , - . 10 , . . 845

. , . . . - ; . . ., ., , 1976, 47, . 223


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91

75. FIGURINE, terracoaVIsok Rid, v. Bukri, Bitola region


Lower part of damaged female gurine. It has modeled belly,emphasized thighs and incised pubic triangle below the belly.

Its colour is grayish-brown.Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

75. , , . , , - . 7.4 , . . 2210

. . . -. - ; . .


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92

76. FRAGMENT OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINE, terracoaStranata, v. Angelci, Strumica region


Part of the upper body and lowerpart of a gurine with emphasized thighs.

Two concave spots mark the lumbar-sacral area.The colour is light brown.

Instute and Museum - Strumica; M. S. A.Sanev V., Stamenova D., Collecon of Works,

Strumica 1989, 9-24

76. , , . , , - . 9.5 , . . 1021

. . . - ; . . . ., ., , 1989, 9-24


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93

77. FIGURINE, terracoaVisok Rid, v. Bukri, Bitola region


Lower part of a damaged female gurine. The modeled bellyand hips are emphasized. The pubic triangle is rendered with

cannelures. The colour is geayish-brown.Instute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.

77. , , . , , - . 12 , . . 2211

. . . . -. - : . .


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94

78. SEATED GFEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaTumba, v. Crnobuki, Bitola region


Roughly modeled gurine of a seated woman. Her head, nowmissing, must have been set on a sck and aached to thebody. There are peculiar imprints of texle on the surface,which show that the gurine must have been molded with

a piece of fabric. Breasts are slightly indicated. The arms areshort and spread wide, whereas the legs are roundish at the

boom. The coarse surface of the gurine is brown.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

78. , , . , , - . 15 , . . 5131

, , . , . , , . , . - ; . .


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95

79. FRAGMENT OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaPilavo, v. Burlievo, Koani region


Fragment of a female gurine preserved from the waist downto the knees. It has emphasized back and indicated pubic area.

The colour is light brown with traces of burning.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

Kolitrkoska Nasteva I., Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 15,Skopje 1999, 28

79. , , . , , - . 7.4 , . . 68/II

, . . . - ; . . . ., Macedoniae acta archaeologica 15, 1999, 28


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96

80. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaTretena Stena, v. Manastir, Prilep region

Late EneolithicH. 6.1 cm, exc. No. 1125

Upper part of the body and lowerpart of the legs of the gurine are missing.

It has incised pubic triangle. The colour is light brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

80. , , . , . 6.1 , . . 1125

. . . - ; . ., . .


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97

81. ANTHROPOMORPHIC VESSEL, terracoaTretena Stena, v. Manastir, Prilep region

Late Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 20.7 cm, exc. No. 39

Vessel of burnished surface. It has a high cylindrical neck witha spout on the top, modeled breasts and rudimentary arms.

The colour is brown.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

81. , , . , , - . 20.7 , . . 39

. . , . . - ; . ., . .


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98

82. SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaTretena Stena, v. Manastir, Prilep region

Late EneolithicH. 11 cm, exc. No. 595

Figurine with the head missing. It has modeled breasts, foldedarms resng on the hips and engraved pubic triangle.

Joined legs end with roundish cone.The colour is reddish.


82. , , . , . 11 , . . 595

. , . . . . - ; . ., . .


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101

85. UPPER PART OF A VESSEL, terracoaGolemi Kamen, v. Lopatica, Prilep region

Late EneolithicH. 3.6 cm, inv. No. N/A

Fragment of a vessel bearing engraved depiconof female gure laid horizontally under the rim.

The colour is dark gray.Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.

85. , , . , . 3.6 , . .

. . - ; . ., . .


102/114


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103

87. KNEES OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 7 cm, inv. No. 135/II

Only the knees and the lower part of the legs with slightlymodeled feet have been preserved of a seated female gurine.

Joined legs are marked with a deep carved line in-between.Traces of horizontal lines and traces of reddish colouring have

been preserved as applied above the knees,i.e. on the preserved part of the thighs.

The decoraon resembles a piece of garment (skirt).The colour is light brown.


87. , , . , , - . 7 , . . 135/II

, . . , . a (). . - ; . . .


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104

88. HALF-SEATED FIGURINE, terracoaBakarno Gumno, v. epigovo, Prilep region

Middle Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 8.2 cm, inv. No. 1205

Figurine where the upper part of the body is missing. It hasincised pubic triangle. The legs are marked with deeply incised

line and end with modeled feet.The colour is grayish brown.

Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., Saroski S.,

Urgeschichte Makedoniens,Skopje 1976 (catalogue), cat. No. 387

88. , , . , , - . 8.2 , . . 1205

. , . . -. - ; . ., . . ., , ., .,Urgeschichte Makedoniens, 1976, () . . 387


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105

89. FIGURINE OF STANDING WOMAN, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region

Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 11 cm, inv. No. 133/II

Figurine of a standing woman with joined legs, without feet.The upper part is broken at the thin waist is missing.

The gurine showing steatopygia is decorated with incisedhorizontal, slanng and angular lines.

The decoraon resembles a taoo.The colour is dark gray.


89. , , . , , - . 11 , . . 133/II

. . . , . . . - ; . . .


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90. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region


Figurine of a woman standing with joined legs, without feet.The upper broken-o part below the waist is missing. It is

decorated with incised horizontal, angular lines and circles, theboom is showing carved double-egg paern.

The decoraon resembles a taoo.The colour of the gurine is dark gray.

Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.Atanasova I., Angelov V., Guide to the cultural values of Koani i

Koani region, Koani 2004, 7; Kolitkoska Nasteva I.,Guide to the Archaeological Exhibion, Museum of

Macedonia, Skopje 1992, 26; Kolitkoska Nasteva I.,Archeological Map of the Republic of Macedonia, MANU,

Skopje 1994, 50; Kolitkoska Nasteva I.,

Archaeological Review 28, Ljubljana 1989, 49; KolitkoskaNasteva I., Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 15, Skopje 1999, 27

90. , , . , , - . 10.2 , . . 1/II

. ,

. . , , .. . . . -. - ; . . . ., ., , 2004, 7; ., , , 1992, 26; ., , , 1994, 50; Nasteva I.,Arheoloki pregled 28, Ljubljana 1989, 49; ., Macedoniae acta archaeologica 15, 1999, 27


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91. SEATED FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region


Figurine of a seated woman, showing steatopygia.The upper part, broken at the waist, is missing.

It is decorate with carved horizontal lines, angular paerns.Slanng leaf-shaped paerns are carved below the pubic area.

The decoraon resembles a taoo.The legs modeled without feet are set slightly apart.

The colour is dark gray.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

91. , , . , , - . 9.5 , . . 132/II

. . , , . . . . . - ; . . .


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108

92. LOWER PART OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracoaPilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region


Lower part of female gurine, the upper part is missing.It is decorated with incised horizontal and slanng lines, show-

ing double spiral on the hips and a double-egg paern onthe boom. The gurine has emphasized femminine shape.

The colour is brownish-gray. The colour is dark gray.Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.

Kolitrkoska Nasteva I., Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 15,Skopje 1999, 27

92. , , . , , - . 3.9 , . . 69/II

. . . . . -. - ; . . . ., Macedoniae acta archaeologica 15, 1999, 27


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109

93. FRAGMENT OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINE, terracoaCarevi Kuli, Strumica


Lower part of a gurine preserved up to the waist. The waistis thin and at. The gurine is decorated with carved parallel

angular lines at the waist and a double-egg paern at the rear.The legs are adorned with slanng lines.

The gurine is light brown, burnt at some spots.Instute and Museum - Strimica; M. S. A.

Sanev V., Stamenova M., Collecon of Works,Strumica 1989, 9-24

93. , , , - . 9.1 , . . 1080

, . . , , , . , . - ; . . . ., ., , 1989, 9-24


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94. STANDING FIGURINE, terracoaKrueanska uka, v. Vrbjani, Prilep region

Middle Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno cultureH. 14 cm, inv. No. 1885

Figurine of at body with special hole for inserng head.The arms and the le breast are broken-o.

The pubic area is indicated with a notch. The legs are markedwith incised line and end with modeled feet. The enre

surface is adorned with engraved slanng and horizontal linesdepicng the clothing or body painng. The colour is gray.

Instute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.Macedoniae Acta Acta Archaeologica 15,

Skopje 1999, g. 10

94. , , . , , - . 14 , . . 1885

. . , , . . . . - ; . ., . .Macedoniae acta archaeological 15, 1999, . 10


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111



Damaged female gurine with carved ornaments.The belly and the knees are slightly accented.

Its colour is dark gray.Instute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

95. , , . , , - . 9.5 , . . 843

. . . - : . .

,

-,


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112

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CIP - . ,

903:730.031.12/.13(497.7)(083.824)730.031.12/.13(497.7)(083.824)

, : [] [ ; - , ... [ .] ; ; ] = Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies : [catalogue]/ [author of the catalogue and organiser of the exhibitionIrena Kolistrkoska Nasteva ; expert collaborators and authors of the catalogueitems Irena Kolistrkoska Nasteva, ... [ .] ;translation into English Nada Andonovska ; photos Miroslav Dimovski]. - Skopje

: = Skopje : Museum of Macedonia, 2005. - 114 . :. ; 2121

.

ISBN 9989-917-32-9I. Kolistrkoska Nasteva, a, ) - , - -

Prehistoric ladies from Macedonia

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