PREGNANCY TO PREGNANCY TO PARENTHOOD………… A PARENTHOOD………… A

CELEBRATIONCELEBRATIONTHE DIETARY ASPECTSTHE DIETARY ASPECTS

By Mrs. Anuradha ShekarBy Mrs. Anuradha ShekarHead-Food Science & Nutrition, Food Science Head-Food Science & Nutrition, Food Science

and Quality Controland Quality ControlDr. B.M.N College of Home Science Matunga. Dr. B.M.N College of Home Science Matunga.

Relation between Maternal and Relation between Maternal and Foetal NutritionFoetal Nutrition

Inadequate food intake and poor nutrient UtilisationInadequate food intake and poor nutrient Utilisation

Maternal MalnutritionMaternal Malnutrition

Reduced blood Volume ExpansionReduced blood Volume Expansion

Inadequate Increase in Cardiac OuputInadequate Increase in Cardiac Ouput

Decraesed blood and nutrient supply to the foetusDecraesed blood and nutrient supply to the foetus

Reduced Plaenta sizeReduced Plaenta size

reduced Nutrient Transferreduced Nutrient Transfer

Foetal growth RetardationFoetal growth Retardation

Recommended Dietary Allowances Recommended Dietary Allowances for Pregnant Mothersfor Pregnant Mothers

NutrientNutrient Normal Adult WomanNormal Adult Woman Pregnant WomenPregnant Women

Energy Kcals SedentaryEnergy Kcals Sedentary 18751875 +300+300

ProteinProtein 5050 +15+15

Fat gFat g 2020 3030

Calcium mgCalcium mg 400400 10001000

Iron mgIron mg 3030 3838

Retinol mcgRetinol mcg 600600 600600

Beta Carotene McgBeta Carotene Mcg 24002400 24002400

Thiamine mg SedentaryThiamine mg Sedentary 0.90.9 +0.2+0.2

Riboflavin mg SedentaryRiboflavin mg Sedentary 1.11.1 +0.2+0.2

Niacin mg SedentaryNiacin mg Sedentary 1212 +2+2

Pyridoxine mg Pyridoxine mg 2.02.0 2.52.5

Ascorbic Acid mgAscorbic Acid mg 4040 4040

Folic Acid mcgFolic Acid mcg 100100 400400

Vitamin B12 mcgVitamin B12 mcg 11 11

IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL

DEFIECIENCY ON PREGNANCYDEFIECIENCY ON PREGNANCY NutrientsNutrients Impact of Deficiency onImpact of Deficiency on

MotherMother InfantInfant

Energy and ProteinEnergy and Protein AbortionAbortionComplications During DeliveryComplications During DeliveryKetosisKetosisMay not gain enough weight to May not gain enough weight to have normal lactationhave normal lactationOedemaOedema

Premature InfantPremature InfantLow birth weight InfantLow birth weight InfantLess Brain cellsLess Brain cells

Linoelic acidLinoelic acid -- Foetal growth is affectedFoetal growth is affected

CalciumCalcium Muscular CrampsMuscular CrampsRepeated Pregnancy with poor Repeated Pregnancy with poor diet can result in osteomalaciadiet can result in osteomalaciaDuring lactation breast milk may During lactation breast milk may be deficient in calciumbe deficient in calcium

Calcification of bones and Calcification of bones and teeth is decreasedteeth is decreasedUnderweight due to the Underweight due to the decreased foetal bone decreased foetal bone growth.growth.

IronIron Suffers from hypochromic Suffers from hypochromic microcytic anemiamicrocytic anemiaComplications during delivery.Complications during delivery.

Born with less stores of Born with less stores of iron and susceptible to iron and susceptible to anemiaanemia

SodiumSodium Increased risk of eclampsiaIncreased risk of eclampsia Prematurity and low birth Prematurity and low birth weight.weight.

IodineIodine GoiterGoiterIncreased risk of miscarriage Increased risk of miscarriage and still birthand still birth

Chance of setting goiterChance of setting goiterCretinismCretinism

ZincZinc Foetal mortalityFoetal mortalityFoetal malformations Foetal malformations including central nervous including central nervous system and terato-geneacitysystem and terato-geneacity

Reduced intra uterine Reduced intra uterine growth rategrowth rateLow birth weightLow birth weightPreterm babyPreterm baby

Vitamin AVitamin A MortalityMortality Decreased levels in Decreased levels in foetus so more susceptible foetus so more susceptible for Vitamin A deficiency for Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin DVitamin D Decreased Calcium Decreased Calcium AbsorptionAbsorption

Calcium metabolism of Calcium metabolism of foetus affectedfoetus affected

Vitamin KVitamin K Decreased prothrombin Decreased prothrombin synthesissynthesisIncreased loss of blood Increased loss of blood during deliveryduring delivery

Increased risk of non-Increased risk of non-natal haemorragenatal haemorrage

Thiamine Riboflavin Thiamine Riboflavin and Niacinand Niacin

Energy deficiency symptomsEnergy deficiency symptomsMegabolistic anemiaMegabolistic anemiaAbrupto placentaAbrupto placenta

Foetal malformationFoetal malformationNeural tube defectsNeural tube defectsLow birth weight Low birth weight congenital abnormalities congenital abnormalities like hare lip, cleft palate, like hare lip, cleft palate, hydrosephalus.hydrosephalus.

Vitamin B12Vitamin B12 Perminious anemiaPerminious anemia Premature babyPremature baby

Vitamin CVitamin C Premature rupture of foetal Premature rupture of foetal membranesmembranes

Increased nonnatal death Increased nonnatal death rate.rate.

Recommended Allowances for Recommended Allowances for Lactating WomenLactating Women

NutrientsNutrients Normal Adult Normal Adult womanwoman

Lactating MotherLactating Mother

0-60-6 6-126-12

Energy Kcal SedentaryEnergy Kcal Sedentary 18751875 +550+550 +400+400

Protien gProtien g 5050 +25+25 +18+18

Fat gFat g 2020 4545 4545

Calcium mgCalcium mg 400400 10001000 10001000

Iron mgIron mg 3030 3030 3030

Retinol mcgRetinol mcg 600600 950 950 950950

Beta Cerotene mcgBeta Cerotene mcg 24002400 38003800 38003800

Thiamine mg SedentaryThiamine mg Sedentary 0.90.9 +0.3+0.3 +0.2+0.2

Riboflavin mg Riboflavin mg SedentarySedentary

1.11.1 +0.3+0.3 +0.2+0.2

Niacin mg SedentaryNiacin mg Sedentary 1212 +4+4 +3+3

Pyridoxine mgPyridoxine mg 2.02.0 2.52.5 2.52.5

Acorbic AcidAcorbic Acid 4040 8080 8080

Folic Acid mgFolic Acid mg 100100 150150 150150

Vitamin B12 mcgVitamin B12 mcg 11 1.51.5 1.51.5

FOOD PYRAMIDFOOD PYRAMID

Name of exchange No.of exchange

Name of recipe Amount gm/dl/nos

EnergyKcal

Protg

Breakfast Cereal Exchange Milk Exchange Sugar Exchange

41¼

Rava, UpmaTea

2 kat1kat

5 gms

40010020

103

Mid Morning Fruit

1 Banana 1 no 100

Lunch Cereal Exchange Cereal exchange Vegetable Exchange Milk Exchange

3211

Vegetable PulavChapatti

Palak gravyCurd raita

2 1/4 kat2 nos1 katI cup

300200100100

863

Eevening Tea Pulse Exchange Milk Exchange Sugar Exchange Fruit

21½1

SundhalTeaTea

Orange

11/2 kat1 cup2 tsp

20010040

83

Dinner Cereal exchange Cereal Excahnge Pulse Exchange Roots+ tubers exchange Milk Exchange Sugar exchange

32111¼

RiceChapatiSambar

Potato fryMilkMilk

21/4 kat2 nos

11/2 kat11/2 kat

1 cup5 gms

30020010010010020

8643

Remember to have a healthy child, EAT RIGHT, EXERCISE, BE CHEERFUL, BE POSITIVE, BE SOCIAL.It is entirely in your hands to pave a healthy future for your child.Nobody can help untill you help yourself.We can only guide you so it is up to you to take it or leave it.So if I have made a difference please pass on the message.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU