Pregnancy: genetics, conception, fetal development Lectures 10 N.Petrenko, MD, PhD.
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Transcript of Pregnancy: genetics, conception, fetal development Lectures 10 N.Petrenko, MD, PhD.
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Pregnancy: genetics, Pregnancy: genetics, conception, fetal conception, fetal
developmentdevelopment
Lectures 10Lectures 10N.Petrenko, MD, PhDN.Petrenko, MD, PhD
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Cell Division. MitosisCell Division. Mitosis
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Cell Division. Mitosis vs Cell Division. Mitosis vs MeiosisMeiosis
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Gametogenesis: SpermatogenesisGametogenesis: Spermatogenesis
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GametogenesisGametogenesis
Spermatogenesis primary spermatocytes (46)
2 haploid secondary spermatocyte(22X+22Y)
4 Spermatids
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Gametogenesis:Gametogenesis: Oogenesis Oogenesis
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Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis vs Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis vs OogenesisOogenesis
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OvumOvum
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SpermSperm
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FertilizationFertilization
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FertilizationFertilization
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FertilizationFertilization
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ImplantationImplantation
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ImplantationImplantation
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Early Developmental StagesEarly Developmental StagesPrimary Germ LayersPrimary Germ Layers
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Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm
During gastrulation, three major cell lineages are being established. They are the Ectoderm (shown in the diagram as blue), Mesoderm (red) and Endoderm (yellow). Following gastrulation, various cell lineages are derrived from these three primary cell types. For example, the Ectoderm gives rise to the epidermis and its derrivatives such as nails, hair and teeth. On the other hand, the Ectoderm also gives rise to the Central Nervous System.
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Development of the embrioDevelopment of the embrio
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MembranesMembranes
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Umbilical cordUmbilical cord
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Placenta. Placenta. StructureStructure
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Extraembryonic Membranes & Placenta FormationExtraembryonic Membranes & Placenta Formation
Figure 29–5 (1 of 3)
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G. Fetus at 2-3weeksG. Fetus at 2-3weeks
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I. The Fetus at 5 weeksI. The Fetus at 5 weeks
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K. The Fetus at 7 weeksK. The Fetus at 7 weeks
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L. Fetus at 8-9 weeks oldL. Fetus at 8-9 weeks old
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12 WEEKS(3 months)12 WEEKS(3 months)
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14 WEEKS (3 1/2 months)14 WEEKS (3 1/2 months)
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15-18 WEEKS15-18 WEEKS ( 4-4 1/2 months)( 4-4 1/2 months)
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WEEK 22 (2 1/2 months)WEEK 22 (2 1/2 months)
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WEEK 26 WEEK 26 (6 1/2 Months(6 1/2 Months
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WEEK 30WEEK 30 (7 1/2 months)(7 1/2 months)
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FULL TERM (36 -40 weeks)FULL TERM (36 -40 weeks)
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Respiratory Changes During PregnancyRespiratory Changes During Pregnancy
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Using the “Wheel”Using the “Wheel”
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Expected Physical Changes - Expected Physical Changes - Reproductive SystemReproductive System
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Uterine SizingUterine Sizing
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Accuracy of Dating by Accuracy of Dating by UltrasoundUltrasound
Gestational Age weeks)
Ultrasound Measurements
Range of Accuracy
< 8 Sac size + 10 days
8-12 CRL + 7 days
12-15 CRL, BPD + 14 days
15-20 BPD, HC, FL, AC + 10 days
20-28 BPD, HC, FL, AC + 2 weeks
> 28 BPD, HC, FL, AC + 3 weeks
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Bones and Joints of the Bones and Joints of the PelvisPelvis
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The Diagonal ConjugateThe Diagonal Conjugate
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The Ischial SpinesThe Ischial Spines
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The Pelvic OutletThe Pelvic Outlet
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Leopold's ManeuversLeopold's Maneuvers - - are used to determine are used to determine the orientation of the fetus through abdominal the orientation of the fetus through abdominal
palpation.palpation. 1. Using two
hands and compressing the maternal abdomen, a sense of fetal direction is obtained (vertical or transverse).
.
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2. The sides of the uterus are palpated to 2. The sides of the uterus are palpated to determine the position of the fetal back and small determine the position of the fetal back and small parts.parts.
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3. The presenting part (head or butt) is palpated 3. The presenting part (head or butt) is palpated above the symphysis and degree of engagement above the symphysis and degree of engagement determineddetermined
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4. The fetal occipital prominence is 4. The fetal occipital prominence is determined.determined.