PREGNANCY ANDHUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 28

Stages of Development

Accomplishing Fertilization

Fertilization=fusion of sperm and egg to produce a zygote

Most sperm never make it to the egg!

Fertilization requires capacitation

Completion of Meiosis II

Completion of Meiosis II

Zygote

Cleavage

Cleavage

Morula

Blastocyst

Blastocyst

Implantation of the Blastocyst

Placenta Formation and Embryonic Development

Embryonic Membranes

Amnion

Chorion

Allantois

Yolk sac

Embryonic Development

Placental Formation

Hormonal Changes

Embryonic Development

Embryonic Development

Fetal Development

Development of Fetal Circulation

Fetal Development

Fetal Development

Fetal Development

Fetal Development

Effects of PregnancyAnatomical Changes

Effects of PregnancyHormonal Changes

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)

Human Chorionic Thyrotropin (hCT)

Effects of PregnancyPhysiological Changes

Morning sickness Heartburn Constipation Increased urine output Frequency Urgency Stress incontinence Increased respiratory rate

Increased vital capacity Dyspnea Decreased residual

volume Increased blood volume Edema Hypertension Increased cardiac output

Parturition: Initiation of Labor

Parturition: Stages of Labor

Parturition: Stages of Labor

Parturition: Stages of Labor

Parturition: Stages of Labor

Parturition: Lactation

Homeostatic Imbalance Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Dystocia Spontaneous abortion Induced abortion Eclampsia Ectopic pregnancy Placenta abruption Placenta previa