Preesure Vessel Catalogue

erature Limits • Design Codes •Split-Ring Closures • Gaskets &ch Top Micro Reactors • Benchigh Pressure/High Temperaturees • Heater Options • Stirrerressure Gages • Pressure Reliefng Systems • High Pressure

b Liners • Pressure Hose andTemperature Limits & Extremeratory Reaction Systems • PID• Tachometer • Pressure •

id Valve • ASME, TÜV, • Gagebe Connectors, Plugs, Valves •n • Pressure and Temperature, CE • Magnetic Drives • Split-ctor Fittings • Options • Benchs • Floor Stand Reactors • High• Stirring Motors and Drives •

Designing

and Building

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for Over

90 Years

Designing

and Building

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Pressure

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for Over

95 Years

99

Stirred Reactors and Pressure VesselsStirred Reactors and Pressure Vessels

EnterEnter

?

Catalog:Reactor & PressureVessel

Volume Number:09

Parr Instrument Company

211 Fifty-third StreetMoline, Illinois 61265 USA

Phone: 309/762-7716800/872-7720

Fax: 309/762-9453

Email: [email protected]

http://www.parrinst.com

Welcome

Founded more

than 95 years ago by

University of Illinois

Professor S. W. Parr,

Parr Instrument

Company has

consistently strived

to provide for its

customers the very

best in product,

service and support.

Welcome to the Ninth Edition of the Parr Stirred

Reactor and Pressure Vessel Catalog. We proudly

present here a completely revised catalog

containing more new products, more product

improvements and more new options than we

have offered in any of the integrated laboratory

reactor and pressure vessel catalogs we have

published in the past fifty years. Please take

time to review these many new listings.

➥To The Catalog

Catalog:Reactor & PressureVessel

Volume Number:09

Parr Instrument Company

211 Fifty-third StreetMoline, Illinois 61265 USA

Phone: 309/762-7716800/872-7720

Fax: 309/762-9453

Email: [email protected]

http://www.parrinst.com

Welcome

Founded more

than 95 years ago by

University of Illinois

Professor S. W. Parr,

Parr Instrument

Company has

consistently strived

to provide for its

customers the very

best in product,

service and support.

Welcome to the Ninth Edition of the Parr Stirred

Reactor and Pressure Vessel Catalog. We proudly

present here a completely revised catalog

containing more new products, more product

improvements and more new options than we

have offered in any of the integrated laboratory

reactor and pressure vessel catalogs we have

published in the past fifty years. Please take

time to review these many new listings.

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W e have arranged this catalog in a manner which will lead you to descriptionsand specifications for a wide range of Parr Laboratory Reactors and PressureVessels, all offered with many optional fittings and attachments. There are

many choices to be made. For example, when selecting a stirred reactor, we offer:

Seventeen different Vessel SizesThree different Working Pressure RangesTwo different Head Sealing SystemsTwo different Vessel Mounting StylesEleven different Materials of ConstructionSeven different Stirrer Drive MotorsThree different Magnetic CouplingsVarious heaters, cooling coils, stirrers, etc.

We hope that from these choices you will be able to select a system that is ideallymatched to your reaction and installation requirements.

The Table of Contents can be used to jump to any section in thiscatalog. The Table of Contents appears continually to the left on your screen. There,the chapters are organized in folders. Click on the small triangle next to the chapter toopen the folder, then click again to navigate to any particular page in the chapter.

The catalog itself is divided into five color-coded sections:

The Blue Section of the catalog contains descriptive information on some of the major design features, components, and options for Parr reactors and vessels.

The Green Section contains detailed specifications and orderinginformation on all Parr stirred reactors. Additional tables in this section will help youcompare different models and options.

The Brown Section describes various optional fittings and custommodifications available for Parr stirred reactors. Many of these options are also applicableto non-stirred vessels as well. Also included in this section is information on completereactor systems which can be assembled to your specifications.

The Red Section describes the Parr Series 4840 Temperature Controllerswith various options, and the new Parr 4860 Process Controller, all of which can be usedin both stirred and non-stirred systems.

The Orange Section describes an extensive list of non-stirred,general purpose pressure vessels (sometimes called “Parr Bombs”) together with appropriate heaters and fittings.

This symbol: informs you that there is more to the particular section you arereading, either on the next or previous page. Click on it to advance or go back one page.

Catalog Organization

1Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Introduction

➥

2 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Introduction

What we have not included in this catalog

is as important to you as what we have shown.

We refer here to the long-established

practices and policies of Parr Instrument

Company that have helped to build our

reputation as a reliable supplier in our

specialized field, such as:

The Catalog is Only the Beginning

Delivery

CommunicationA commitment to listen toour customers and a will-ingness to make the additionsor changes in a reactor orpressure vessel that thecustomer may want or need.Approximately 40 percent of allthe reactors and vessels weship are modified in some wayover-and-above the optionslisted in this catalog. Specialvalves, special head layouts,electrical leads, special stands,additional openings, uniquemotors, and non-standardmaterials of construction arejust a few of the modificationswe work with every day.

A commitment to promptand dependable deliveryschedules for not only catalog items, but also forcustom equipment as well.Typical delivery time forcatalog reactors constructed ofstainless steel is two to fourweeks. For special alloys andcustom modifications, plan for4 to 8 week delivery. Forsystems or orders requiringextensive custom design workallow 8 to 12 weeks. Of equalimportance over the life of your reactor is ourcommitment to maintaincommonly used replacementand service parts in stock forsame day shipment.

➥

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Introduction 3

Support

Service

Investment

A technical sales and support staff withan average of over 20 years of experience inthis specialized field. We have “been thereand done that” and we are looking forward tohelping you solve your unique requirements.

An investment in modernmachine tools and superiorproduction management methods enables us to makeavailable not only all of the optionslisted on the following pages, butalso to handle custom orders forone-of-a-kind designs along withregular production orders on aroutine basis.

A commitment to maintain commonly usedreplacement and service parts in stock for sameday shipment.

ResearchA commitment to new materials, manufacturingmethods, research disciplines, and computer advancesto continue our leadership position.

➥

New mountings of thestandard reactors and vesselswhich have made Parr theworld leader in laboratoryscale pressure reactionequipment.

New capabilities in thedesign and construction ofcontinuous flow laboratory andpilot plant reactor systems inboth tubular and stirred vessel arrangements.

New, optional, fixed headmounting systems for allreactors in sizes from 160 mL to 7.5 L (1 and 2 gallon), whichallow the vessel to be openedand closed, and the cylinderremoved, without disturbing thehead; leaving all tubing or otherattachments to the head firmly in place.

New Products and DesignsWe call your attention particularly to:

Pg. 22-23

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Introduction4

New mounting systems for Parr microand mini reactors. These have beenredesigned to provide greater stability athigh stirring speeds, and better support forthe heavier motors needed for additionalstirring torque and for explosion proofoperation, when required.

Pg. 34

Pg. 96

Pg. 22

➥

5Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Introduction

New computerbased process controlsystem with a PC,windows-based,graphical userinterface.

New 600 mL and 1200 mLstirred reactors for operatingpressures to 5000 psi (350 bar)and temperatures to 350˚ C.

New, optional, self-sealing O-ringclosures for all Parr stirred reactors andpressure vessels in sizes from 160 mL to7.5 L (1 and 2 gallon) as alternates for thestandard Parr cap screw/split-ring designs.

New gas entrainment impellers, catalyst baskets and related accessories.

New magnetic driveswith self supportingstirrer drive shafts.

Pg. 46

Pg. 16

Pg. 20

Pg. 70

Pg. 96

➥

All Parr reactors and pressure vessels are designed and manufactured with great care to ensure safe operation when usedwithin their prescribed temperature and pressure limits. But… the basic responsibility for safety when using this equipment rests entirely with the user; who must:

1. Select a reactor or pressure vessel which has the capability, pressure rating, corrosion resistance and design features that are suitable for its intended use. Parr engineers will be glad to discuss available equipment and material optionswith prospective users, but the final responsibility for selecting a reactor or pressure vessel that will perform to the user’s satisfaction in any particular reaction or test must rest with theuser - not with Parr.

In exercising the responsibility for the selection of pressureequipment, the prospective user is often faced with a choicebetween over or under-designed equipment. The hazards introduced by under-designed pressure vessels are readily apparent, but the penalties that must be paid for over-designedapparatus are often overlooked. Recognizing these criteria, Parrreactors and pressure vessels are offered in several differentstyles, each designed for convenient use in daily operation withincertain temperature and pressure limits, using gaskets, closuresand other elements carefully selected for safe operation within thelimits specified for that design. But in order to preserve the validityof these designs, all temperature and pressure limits must beobserved, and no attempt should be made to increase these limitsby making alterations or by substituting components which arenot recommended by the manufacturer.

2. Install and operate the equipment within a suitable barricade, if required, with appropriate safety accessories and infull compliance with local safety codes and rules.

3. Establish training procedures to ensure that any personhandling the equipment knows how to use it properly.

4. Maintain the equipment in good condition and establishprocedures for periodic testing to be sure the vessel remains structurally sound.

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Introduction6

The User’s Responsibility

Design Features

Materials of Construction

Alloy Designation

Pressure and

Temperature Limits

Design Codes

Certification

Quality Assurance:

ASME, TÜV, CSA,

ISO 9001, CE

Parr Design Features:

Magnetic Drives

Split-Ring Closures

Gaskets & Seals

Mounting Styles

1DesignFeatures

Every year, Chemical & Engineering News

publishes a list of the largest chemical

companies in the United States and the world.

When they do, we compare our sales

files with the list and find they are very similar.

The latest edition shows 96 percent of the U.S.

companies and 84 percent of the international

group purchased pressure vessels or reactors

from Parr. We do not think of this as unusual

but we thought you might like to know what the

majority of the world thinks of our products.

8

➥9Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Design Features

Parr reactors are normallymade of Type 316stainless steel, but they

can also be made of otheralloys as well. The list ofavailable construction materialsincludes:

Type 316 Stainless SteelAlloy 20Cb-3C1018 Carbon SteelAlloy 400Alloy 600TitaniumNickel 200Alloy B-2Alloy C-276Alloy C-2000Zirconium

AlloyDesignation

Parr now uses alloy desig-nation numbers to identify thevarious corrosionresistant alloysavailable for use inParr reactors andpressure vessels.These alloys canalso be identified bytrade names and byASTM, ASME, DINand other specifi-cation numbers.Many of the highnickel alloys wereoriginally patentedand sold under trade names,such as Monel1, Inconel1,Incoloy1, Carpenter Alloy2,Hastelloy3, etc. Most of theoriginal patents have expiredand these alloys are now


available from other reputablesuppliers, as well as from theowners of the original tradenames.

Among the many corrosionresistant alloys now available,there may be two or three withvery similar compositions andintended for use in the samecorrosive environment. In thesecases, Parr will select and offerthe most widely used alloy ineach of the basic corrosionresistance categories, ratherthan catalog and stock all three.

Each of these alloys has itsown physical strength andtemperature characteristics aswell as its own unique resis-tance to certain corrosivematerials. All of these factorsmust be considered whenmaking a selection, with cost

and availability also becomingfactors in the final choice.

The basic composition of

these alloys is listed in Table I,and a procedure for calculatingthe maximum temperature andpressure limits for reactorsmade from these alloys isdescribed in conjunction withTable II.

Corrosion resis-tance informationcan be obtainedfrom variouscorrosion hand-books and metallurgical publi-cations. Helpfulinformation can alsobe obtained fromthe individual alloymanufacturers. TheParr InstrumentCompany willattempt to answerquestions regardingcorrosion resistanceand will suggestmaterials that mightbe suitable forspecific applica-tions, but noguarantee can bemade that anyparticular alloy willbe fully resistant toa prescribed set ofcorrosive conditions.

Any abridged listing ofcorrosion resistance of variousmetals and alloys can be poten-tially misleading since it can notpossibly deal with all of theeffects of concentration,temperature, pressure and thepresence of additional ions, allof which have a significanteffect upon the ability of a

hen special alloy construction is

specified for a Parr reactor,the head, cylinder and allinternal wetted parts of thevessel will be made of theprescribed material, but allexternal valves and fittingswill be made of stainlesssteel. Usually the externalparts are not subject to thesame corrosive conditionswhich exist inside thevessel, therefore, the highercost of external parts madeof special alloys is seldomjustified. But, if externalparts made of specialalloys are required, Parrwill attempt to meet thisrequirement, although theremay be exceptions wheresuch parts cannot be made.

All Parr raw materials are carefully identified throughout the manufacturingprocess for traceability—as required byASME-TUV.

W

1 MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY are Registered Trademarks of Inco Alloys International.2 CARPENTER 20Cb-3 is a Registered Trademark of Carpenter Technology Corporation.3 HASTELLOY is a Registered Trademark of Haynes International, Inc.

1DesignFeatures

Materials ofConstruction

10 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Design Features

reactor to withstand corrosion.In addition, the vulnerability ofany material to stress corrosioncracking, intergranularcorrosion and pitting must alsobe considered when judging thesuitability of a material for aparticular application.

The principal characteristicsof the several constructionmaterials offered by Parr aresummarized below. Theselistings are intended to serveonly as a starting point for anystudy of comparative corrosionresistance and physical prop-erties. Additional details can beobtained from other sources.

Type 316Stainless Steel

Type 316 Stainless Steel is anexcellent material for use withmost organic systems. A feworganic acids and organichalides can, under certain

conditions, hydrolyze to forminorganic halogen acids whichwill attack T316SS. Acetic,formic and other organic acids are routinely handled in T316SS.

T316SS is not normally thematerial of choice for inorganic

acid systems. At ambienttemperatures it does offeruseful resistance to dilutesulfuric, sulfurous, phosphoricand nitric acids, but sulfuric,phosphoric and nitric acidsreadily attack T316SS atelevated temperatures andpressures. Halogen acids attack all forms of stainlesssteel rapidly, even at low temperatures and in dilute solutions.

Although T316SS offers excellent resistance to surfacecorrosion by caustics. Causticscan cause stress corrosioncracking in stainless pressurevessels. This phenomenon

begins to appear at tempera-tures just above 100° C and hasbeen the most common causeof corrosion failure in stainlesslaboratory vessels. T316SSdoes offer good resistance to ammonia and to mostammonia compounds.

Halogen salts can causesevere pitting in all stainlesssteels. Chlorides can causestress corrosion cracking, but many other salt solutionscan be handled in stainlessvessels, particularly neutral or alkaline salts.

At moderate temperaturesand pressures, T316SS can beused with most commercialgases. In scrupulously anhy-drous systems even hydrogenchloride, hydrogen fluoride andchlorine can be used instainless steel.

Alloy 20Cb-3Alloy 20Cb-3 is an enriched

grade of stainless steel,designed specifically for usewith dilute (up to 30 percent byweight) sulfuric acid at elevatedtemperatures. It can also beused for nitric and phosphoricacid systems as well as for allsystems for which T316SS is suitable.

Alloy 400

Alloy 400 is an alloycomprised essentially of two-thirds nickel and one-thirdcopper. For many applications itoffers about the same corrosionresistance as nickel, but with higher maximum working pres-

Table I

Nominal Chemical Composition of Pressure Vessel Materials

Major Elements (Percent)

Material Typical Trade Name Fe Ni Cr Mo Mn OtherT316 Stainless Steel 65 12 17 2.5 2.0 Si 1.0Alloy 20Cb-3 Carpenter 20 35 34 20 2.5 2.0 Cu 3.5, Cb 1.0 maxAlloy 400 Monel 400 1.2 66 Cu 31.5Alloy 600 Inconel 600 8 76 15.5Alloy B-2 Hastelloy B-2 2 66 1 28 1 Co 1.0Alloy C-276 Hastelloy C-276 6.5 53 15.5 16 1 W4.0, Co 2.5Alloy C-2000 Hastelloy C-2000 3.0 54 23 16 0.5 Co 2.0, Cu 1.6Nickel 200 99Titanium Grade 2 Commercially pure titanium Ti 99 minTitanium Grade 4 Commercially pure titanium Ti 99 minZirconium 702 Zr + Hf 99.2 min Hf 4.5 maxZirconium Grade 705 Zr 95.5 min, Hf 4.5 max, Co 2.5

1DesignFeatures


➥

➥

➥11Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Design Features

sures and temperatures and ata lower cost because of itsgreatly improved machinability.

Alloy 400 is widely used forcaustic solutions because it isnot subject to stress corrosioncracking in most applications.Chloride salts do not causestress corrosion cracking inAlloy 400. It is also an excellentmaterial for fluorine, hydrogenfluoride and hydrofluoric acidsystems. Alloy 400 offers someresistance to hydrochloric andsulfuric acids at modest temper-atures and concentrations, butit is seldom the material ofchoice for these acids. As wouldbe expected from its highcopper content, Alloy 400 israpidly attacked by nitric acidand ammonia systems.

Alloy 600

Alloy 600 is a high nickelalloy offering excellent resis-tance to caustics and chloridesat high temperatures and highpressures when sulfurcompounds are present. Incaustic environments, Alloy 600is unexcelled. It also is oftenchosen for its high strength at elevated temperatures.Although it can be recom-mended for a broad range of corrosive conditions, its cost often limits its use to onlythose applications where itsexceptional characteristics are required.

Alloy B-2Alloy B-2 is an alloy, rich in

nickel and molybdenum, whichhas been developed primarilyfor resistance to reducing acidenvironments, particularlyhydrochloric, sulfuric and phos-phoric. Its resistance to theseacids in pure forms is unsur-passed, but the presence offerric and other oxidizing ionsin quantities as low as 50 ppmcan dramatically degrade theresistance of this alloy.

Alloy C-276

Alloy C-276 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloyhaving perhaps the broadestgeneral corrosion resistance ofall commonly used alloys. Itwas developed initially for usewith wet chlorine, but it alsooffers excellent resistance tostrong oxidizers such as cupricand ferric chlorides, and to avariety of chlorine compoundsand chlorine contaminatedmaterials. This alloy is usedextensively to combat the hightemperature and high pressurecorrosive conditions encoun-tered in drilling for sourpetroleum deposits and in otheroil field applications.

Alloy C-2000Alloy C-2000 is a new nickel-

chromium-molybdenum alloyfrom Haynes International. Itwas approved for codedpressure vessels in the Springof 1997. While the wealth ofapplication data that is availablefor the earlier members of theAlloy C family of alloys does

not yet exist for Alloy C-2000,initial reports suggest that thisalloy will extend the alreadybroad applications covered bythe Alloy Cfamily. In generalthis alloy shouldprovide resis-tance similar toAlloy C-276. Itshigh chromiumcontent isintended toextend its resis-tance to oxidizingmedia and itshigh molybdenumcontent isintended toextend its resis-tance to reducingmedia. Alloy C-2000 is alsoreported to havesuperior resis-tance to pittingand crevicecorrosion whencompared toAlloy C-276.

Nickel200

Nickel 200 isone of the desig-nations ofcommerciallypure nickel. Itoffers the ultimate in corrosionresistance to hot caustic envi-ronments, but its applicationsare severely restricted becauseof its poor machinability andresultant high fabrication costs.

antalumTantalum

offers outstanding

resistance to a wide variety

of corrosive media including

hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric

and phosphoric acids. It is

not, however, available in

the solid billets required to

manufacture these pressure

vessels. Parr has furnished a

number of vessels where

tantalum internal fittings are

used in conjunction with a

head made of one of the

other corrosion resistant

alloys (for example Hastelloy

C-276 or Zirconium) to meet

unique corrosion

requirements. The Parr

Technical Service

Department will be pleased

to answer your questions

about the possibility and

practicality of lined vessels.

T

1DesignFeatures

Materials ofConstruction➥


Commercially pure titaniumis available in several grades.Grade 2 is the material mostcommonly used for industrialequipment since it can be fabri-cated by welding and isapproved by the ASME Codefor Unfired Pressure Vessels. Grade 4, which has slightlyhigher trace levels of iron andoxygen, has higher strengththan Grade 2 but it is notsuitable for welding and it isnot covered by the ASME Code.Since most Parr vessels are not welded, they usually are madeof Grade 4 to obtain higherworking pressures than can beobtained with Grade 2. Grade 7,containing small amounts ofpalladium, and Grade 12containing small amounts ofnickel and molybdenum, offerenhanced resistance to certainenvironments and can be usedfor Parr reactors and pressurevessels if suitable billets can be obtained.

ZirconiumZirconium offers excellent

resistance to hydrochloric andsulfuric acids but, as with Alloy B-2, oxidizing ions such asferric, cupric and fluorides mustbe avoided. Zirconium alsooffers good resistance to phosphoric and nitric acids, andto alkaline solutions as well.Two different grades areavailable: Grade 702 containinghafnium is the standard

commercial grade offering thebest resistance to mostcorrosive agents, Grade 705containing small amounts ofboth hafnium and columbiumhas better strength than Grade702, allowing higher workingpressures when it is used inpressure vessel construction,but the corrosion resistance ofGrade 705 is not quite as goodas Grade 702. Grade 702 isgenerally more widely availablefrom commercial stocks of raw materials.

Carbon SteelCarbon Steel is usually used

for laboratory reactors onlywhen it is desired to duplicateconstruction material used inplant equipment. Because itrusts easily, carbon steelvessels are not carried in stockand must be made to order,often resulting in costs higherthan stainless steel equipmentdespite the lower material costfor carbon steel.

TitaniumTitanium is an excellent

material for use with oxidizingagents, such as nitric acid, aquaregia and other mixed acids. Italso offers very good resistanceto chloride ions. Reducingacids, such as sulfuric andhydrochloric, which have unac-ceptably high corrosion rates intheir pure form can have theircorrosion rates in titaniumreduced to acceptable levels ifrelatively small quantities ofoxidizing ions, such as cupric,ferric, nickel or even nitric acidare present to act as corrosioninhibitors. This phenomenonleads to many successful appli-cations for titanium in thehydrometallurgy field whereacids, particularly sulfuric acid,are used to leach ores. In theseoperations the extracted ionsact as corrosion inhibitors.

Prospective users mustremember that titanium willburn vigorously in the presenceof oxygen at elevated tempera-tures and pressures. Whilethere have been manysuccessful applications inhydrometallurgy where oxygenand sulfuric acid are handled intitanium equipment, the dangerof ignition is always presentand must be protected againstwhenever titanium and oxygenare used together.

1DesignFeatures


➥

13Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Design Features

T he maximum pressureand temperature at whichany reactor or pressure

vessel can be used will dependupon the design of the vesseland the materials used in itsconstruction. Since all materialslose strength at elevatedtemperatures, any pressurerating must be stated in termsof the temperature at which itapplies. All Parr listings showthe maximum working pressurefor each reactor and pressurevessel in pounds per squareinch (psi) or bar at 350˚ C forvessels constructed of Type 316Stainless Steel. Table II providesa set of multipliers which canbe used to convert 350˚ Cpressure ratings for any T316SSvessel to higher or lowertemperatures. It can also beused to determine the corre-sponding ratings for vessels of the same design made of other materials.

Although lower operatingtemperatures permit higherworking pressures, the pressurerating for a vessel should neverbe increased to more than 20 percent above its rating at350˚ C. These conversions areonly rough approximations.Actual ratings of other mate-rials and ratings for othertemperatures will becomputed and assigned bythe Parr EngineeringDepartment.

Although pressure rating factors for temperatures as high as 600˚ C are included inTable II, many Parr vesselscannot be used at these highertemperatures because of gasket material restrictions or otherdesign limitations. Themaximum working temperaturefor which allowable stressvalues are published in theASME Pressure Vessel Code areincluded in Table II. No reactoror pressure vessel should beoperated above thesemaximum temperature limits.

Examples:What is the maximum

pressure rating at 450˚ C for aT316SS vessel rated at 1900psig at 350˚ C? (1900)(0.95) =1805 psig

What is the maximumpressure rating at 450˚ C for anAlloy 400 (Monel) vessel whenthe same vessel made ofT316SS is rated at 1900 psig at350˚ C? (1900)(0.54) = 1026 psig

Table IIPressure Rating Factors

Temperature (˚C)

Material 25 100 200 300 350 400 450 500 550 600T316 Stainless Steel 1.13 1.13 1.09 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.75Alloy 400 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.11 0.54 0.24 at 472˚ C MaximumAlloy 600 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 0.75 0.42Alloy B-2 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* at 427˚ C MaximumAlloy C-276 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.20 0.88Alloy C-2000 1.20* 1.20* 1.20* 1.12 1.07 1.03 1.02 at 427˚ C MaximumNickel 200 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 at 316˚ C MaximumAlloy 20Cb-3 1.20 1.20 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 at 427˚ C MaximumTitanium Grade 2 0.75 0.64 0.47 0.36 0.34 at 316˚ C MaximumTitanium Grade 4 1.20 1.02 0.65 0.47 0.47 at 316˚ C MaximumZirconium Grade 702 0.78 0.66 0.44 0.36 0.34 0.29 at 371˚ C MaximumZirconium Grade 705 1.20 0.98 0.65 0.65 0.61 0.60 at 371˚ C Maximum* Standard designs cannot be rated higher than 1.20 without checking all aspects of the design.

Pressure and Temperature Limits

1DesignFeatures

Pressure &Temperature Limits


Design criteria specified inthe ASME Code forUnfired Pressure Vessels

are closely observed in themanufacture and testing of allParr pressure equipment.Cylinders for each reactor andpressure vessel of standarddesign are machined fromsolid, hot-rolled or forged barsof selected corrosion resistant

alloys with no seams or weldsin the vessel as potentialsources of weakness orlocalized corrosion. Each indi-vidual cylinder is testedhydrostatically to at least 1.5times its maximum rating, andeach complete reactor andvessel is tested with nitrogen toits operating pressure to besure that it is leak-free andoperating properly.

Protection against equipmentdamage and possible personalinjury in case of an accidentalover-pressurization is providedby a safety rupture discinstalled in the head of eachreactor and in each gage blockassembly. A description ofthese safety discs and rules tobe observed in their selectionand use are given on page 74.

QualityAssurance

Parr Instrument Companyhas designed, installed andoperates under a QualityAssurance Program whichensures that all aspects of thedesign, materials selection andprocurement, manufacture,testing and certification of itspressure vessels are performedin accordance with acceptedcodes and practices. Currentlythis Quality Assurance Programhas been certified to be incompliance with ISO 9001 forTotal Quality Procedures, ASME

and TÜV for pressure vesseldesign and testing, CSA for elec-trical safety and CE whereappropriate.

ASMECertification

The Parr InstrumentCompany holds a Certificate of

Authorizationissued by theBoiler andPressure VesselCommittee of the

American Society of MechanicalEngineers as an approvedfacility for manufacturingunfired pressure vessels. Ifrequired, any Parr reactor orpressure vessel can be Certifiedto the ASME Code, Section VIII,Division 1, which involves:

1. Vessel inspection and testsby an Authorized Inspector ofthe National Board of Boilerand Pressure Vessel Inspectors.

2. Issuance of Form U-1A,“Manufacturer’s Data Report forPressure Vessels”, whichprovides certification of thechemical analysis and physicalproperties of materials used inthe vessel.

Design Codes and Certification

A Commitment to aWorldwide Market

In 1973, Parr Instrument Company made a

commitment to serve customers on a worldwide

basis in a reliable and continuing manner. Parr

products were exhibited for the first time at Achema

in Frankfurt, Germany that year. An extensive effort

was initiated to select and train a network of local

agents to provide technical sales and service support

as well as import services in each of the countries

where modern chemical research and development

is conducted.

In 1982, Parr Instrument Company was awarded

the President’s E Award for Excellence in Export in

recognition of the success of our efforts in this area.

In 1988, Parr was awarded the U.S. Department of

Commerce’s highest level award the President’s E

Star Award for Excellence in Export in recognition of

our continuing and accelerating success in servicing

the world market.

Today, Parr pressure reaction equipment is in use

in over 80 countries and active exclusive agents are

operating in 28 of these. Today, nearly half of all Parr

pressure reaction equipment is exported from the

USA. As a part of this expansion on the world market,

international considerations are designed into, not

added onto, all Parr equipment.

1DesignFeatures

Design Codes & Certification

➥

3. Application of the ASME“U” Stamp to the vessel by theInspector.

4. Registration of the vesselwith the National Board.

There is an added charge forthis special certification.

Parr is also certified underSection IX of the ASME Codefor welding. Normally weldingis done only to attach jackets orfittings to the primary vessel.

TÜV CertificationThe Parr Instrument

Company is authorized todesign, manufacture, test

and certifyvessels toGroups IIand III of the

German Pressure Vessel Codesunder authorization issued byTÜV Bayern Sachen. Whereappropriate, vessels can befurnished with a TÜV ApprovalCertificate. The additionalcharge for this certification willdepend upon the special testingrequired.


Parr CertificationIf requested, Parr will furnish

without charge a signedcertificatelisting thematerialsof

construction used in the manu-facture of an individual reactoror pressure vessel anddescribing the pressure testsapplied to that reactor by Parrprior to shipment.

ISO 9001Certification

Parr Instrument Company’soverall Quality AssuranceSystem has been certified to bein compliance with ISO 9001/EN29 001 by TÜV Bayern. ISO

9001coversthedesign,

production, inspection andservice aspects of Parr’s activ-ities as opposed to thecertification of an individualproduct.

CSA CertificationWhere appropriate, Parr

reactors are manufactured andcertified to the electrical code

established by theCanadianStandardsAssociation.Identification ofthose units for

which CSA Certification hasbeen received will be providedupon request. The CSA logo isshown on the nameplate ofeach CSA certified unit.

CE CertificationWhere appropriate, Parr

reactors will carry the CE Markcertifyingcompliancewith theEuropeanCommunity

Directives 89/3361/EEC for EMCCompliance, and EC Directive73/23/EEC for low voltage elec-trical safety.

Other National orLocal Codes

Parr regularly works withother national, state or interna-tional authorities to obtainindividual approval for specificvessels. The internationallyrecognized Quality AssuranceProgram in place at Parr andthe experience of the Parr engi-neering department in workingwith these authorities makes itpossible to obtain theseapprovals with little difficulty. Itis the user’s responsibility toidentify any such applicablecode so that these requirementscan be met before the vessel isfabricated and delivered. Parr’snetwork of international distrib-utors are familiar with theapplicable codes for pressurevessels within their countries of responsibility.

PARR

1DesignFeatures

Design Codes &Certification➥


little or no flux degradation.Magnets for the inner rotor towhich the stirrer shaft isattached are enclosed in astainless steel (or other alloy)housing, permanently sealed bylaser welding and supported bygraphite-filled, PTFE bushingsto provide a long life, chemi-cally inert stirring system.Magnets for the outer drive arealso fully enclosed andsupported by twin, high qualitysealed ball bearings for smoothoperation and long life. A watercooling sleeve attached to eachdrive protects the componentsfrom excessive heat arisingfrom the reactor.

Three SizesParr magnetic drives are

made in three sizes, designed tomatch the full range of Parrreactor sizes and to providealternate drives for highviscosity loads, higher stirringspeeds and other

ignificant progress was made

in recent years in both magnetic

materials and magnetic coupling design.

Parr uses neodymium-iron-boron magnets with

25% more coupling force than samarium-cobalt

magnets. With very few exceptions involving gear

reduction drives, the magnetic stirrers fitted to

reactors have higher coupling torques than the

stall conditions of standard motors. Today

magnetic drives are used with confidence for

high viscosity polymerization reactions.

Parr magnetic drives are supported with three

Graphite filled PTFE bushings and quality internal

ball bearings. They routinely deliver 2000 hours of

operation without service.

S

All Parr stirred reactors are equipped with

a magnetic drive toprovide a trouble-freelinkage to an internalstirrer, therebyavoiding the leakageproblems which some-times arise with apacked gland stirrerdrive in severe service.With a Parr magneticdrive there are no rotatingseals. The drive turns freely andthe system remains gas-tight, permitting long, continuousruns at pressures up to 5000 psi(340 bar) with little or noattention to the seal and drive.

Parr drives are assembledwith specially designedpermanent magnets which haveexcellent temperature stabilityand can be depended upon tooperate for long periods with

Parr Magnetically Coupled Stirrer Drivescome in three sizes and are designed tomatch the full range of Parr reactor sizes.

High Torque Magnetic Drives

1DesignFeatures

High TorqueMagnetic Drives

➥


special requirements.Each drive is

assembled in a sealed housingwhich threads directly into thereactor head.

The A1120HC and A1180HCmodels are the standard unitsnormally furnished with thereactor sizes listed in the adjoining table. The A1750HC2model is a special high torquedrive intended primarily forheavy loads and high viscosityapplications. When it is used toreplace a standard drive, thestandard motor and drivesystem may have to bemodified to provide the highertorque which the A1750HC2drive is capable of transmitting.

ModifiedMagnetic Drives

The standard A1120HC Seriesand A1180HC magnetic drivesused in all Parr reactors operatewith small diameter stirrershafts which require a lowerguide bearing or foot bearing tostabilize the stirrer whenrunning at high speeds.Different lower bearing arrange-ments are used to match theconfiguration of each drivesystem. To provide stirrers thatwill operate satisfactorilywithout a lower bearing, Parroffers three modified drives,A2140HC, A2160HC, andA2170HC which have the sameratings as the standard units,but are designed for use withlarger shafts which do notrequire a lower guide or footbearing. These self-supportingstirrers can be operated atspeeds up to 2500 rpm. Theyare particularly attractive forapplications in which there isno room for a lower bearing, orfor use with abrasive slurries orother reactants which might bedetrimental to an immersedbearing.

Alternate PackedGland Drive

For reactors in which there is insufficient space for amagnetic drive, or where adirect mechanical drive ispreferable to a magneticallycoupled system, Parr canfurnish a self-sealing packedgland which will maintain areliable seal on the stirrer shaftat working pressures up to 2000 psig (13.89 Mpa). It willalso hold a vacuum down toapproximately 1 mm ofmercury. These glands aremade to a Parr design whichuses a combination of conesand O-rings in combinationwith pressure from within thevessel to maintain a positiveseal on the rotating shaft. Thisself-sealing feature eliminatesthe need to tighten the glandrepeatedly during a run and itavoids the danger of over-tightening or excessive loadingon the packing elements. Thepacking can usually beexpected to last from 200 to 400 hours. Repacking, whennecessary, is a simple taskrequiring no special tools.

Parr Magnetic Drive SeriesCoupling Requires Lower Installed as Available as

Magnetic Coupling Torque Guide Bearing Standard Drive Optional Drive Drive No. Designation Poles in-lb* on Stirrer on onA1120HC General Purpose 4 16 Yes All 25 mL thru None

2000 mL ReactorsA1180HC Heavy Duty 6 60 Yes All 1 G thru 1000 mL and 2000 mL Reactors

5 G ReactorsA1750HC2 Extra Heavy Duty 12 120 Yes None 1000 mL thru 5 G ReactorsA2140HC General Purpose 4 16 No None 300 mL thru 1000 mL ReactorsA2160HC Heavy Duty 6 60 No None 1000 mL thru 5 G ReactorsA2170HC Extra Heavy Duty 6 120 No None 1000 mL thru 5 G Reactors

* in-lb = 0.11 Newton Meter

1DesignFeatures

High TorqueMagnetic Drives

➥A1120HC Magnetically Coupled Driveinstalled on a 2 liter reactor.


Easy Access toPressure Vessels

Most Parr reactors andpressure vessels are equippedwith a unique split-ring coverclamp which adds greatly to theconvenience of the equipmentand the ease with which it canbe handled. This is an exclusiveParr design1 which allows easyaccess to a pressure vessel

without usinga heavyscrew cap,cumbersomecover clamps,or a wideflange for

bolts. Instead, the head isclamped to the cylinder by ahardened steel ring which hasbeen split into two sections.These sections slide into placefrom the sides without inter-fering with any fittings attachedto the head.

Split-Ring Closures

e have all heard the story of the man

who resigned from the Patent Office

around 1900 because he believed that

everything that could be invented already had

been. That is not the philosophy that has driven

Parr Instrument Company over its nearly a century

of service to the chemical industry. The following

prediction first appeared in February 1930 in the

“Forward” of our bulletin describing our catalytic

hydrogenation apparatus.

“The greatest chemical

discoveries are yet to be made,

untold numbers of which will

result from the new studies in

catalysis and catalytic reactors.

These studies have already

unearthed a mine of information, but with a more

exact knowledge of catalytic processes, much

more will be learned in the future.”

We are delighted with the foresight of our

predecessors here at Parr and are dedicated to

continuing this outlook for the future as we enter

our second century of service to our friends and

customers in this critical industry.

WSelf-Sealing andCap ScrewDesigns

Parr split-ring cover clampsare made in two styles. Forreactors and vessels in which aself-sealing O-ring is used asthe main head gasket, there areno cap screws in the split-ringsections. The vessel is closedby simply sliding the two ringsections into place and lockingthem with either an encirclingdrop band or with attached,quick-opening latches. Thisconvenient closure can be usedon most small and mid-sizedParr reactors and pressurevessels, provided the intendedoperating temperature does notexceed the allowable workingtemperature limit for the O-ring gasket.

Split ring closures forreactors with PTFE, flexiblegraphite, metal or othercontained, flat gaskets have aset of cap screws in the ringswhich must be tightened todevelop the compressive forcerequired to seal the gasket.These split rings are locked

1Split-Ring U.S. Patent No.

2625296

Split-Ring with Cap Screws forRemovable Vessels

Split-Ring with Cap Screws forFixed Head Vessels

Split-Ring for Self Sealing O-Ring Closures

1DesignFeatures

Closures

➥


together with either a drop band,

special compression ring, orquick opening latches with aretaining lip.

With either style, the closureparts come completely awayfrom the vessel so that the headwith all of its fittings can belifted from the cylinder or thecylinder can be dropped awaywithout disrupting any attachedfittings. When cap screws areused, they are simply tightenedor loosened, they are nevercompletely removed from thesplit ring or drop band. Thissaves time both in opening andclosing the vessel and inlooking for lost parts.

Split-ring closures addmany attractive features toParr reactors and pressurevessels.

• The reactor or vessel can beopened and closed without disturbing any connections orfittings attached to the head.

• The full inside diameter ofthe vessel is exposed when thehead is removed.

• A maximum area isexposed on the head forattaching valves and fittings.

• There are no cumbersomebolt flanges or threaded studsto interfere with operations, and

• No delicate threads on the cylinder to gall or to bedamaged in handling.

Screw CapClosures

Parr uses screw cap closureson small vessels where enoughsealing force can be developedby simply tightening the mainscrew cap. This design can bemade more compact than thesplit ring closure and is usedprimarily on the micro reactorsand general purpose vesselswith volumes of less than 100 mL.

Split-Ring with no Cap Screws

Split-Ring with Latches and no Drop Band

Screw Cap Closure

Split-Ring with Cap Screws and no Drop Band

1DesignFeatures

Closures

➥

Split-Ring with Cap Screws and Drop Band


There are four differenttypes of gasketingmaterial for the main

head seal in Parr reactors andpressure vessels, each with itsown advantages and limitations.Some of these are recent additions which have signifi-cantly expanded the choices a user can consider whenselecting a closure and gasketmaterial for the intended operating conditions.

Contained FlatPTFE Gaskets forTemperatures to350˚ C

The traditional and mostpopular main head gasket forParr vessels is a flat gasketmade of a PTFE fluoropolymer.In Parr flat gasket closures thegasket is held in a recess in thevessel cover. A matching piloton the cylinder closes therecess, leaving the gasketcompletely confined with only asmall inside edge exposed tothe reactants within the vessel.This combination of completegasket containment and theexceptional properties of PTFEmaterials produces a reliableclosure for working tempera-tures up to 350˚ C.

Flat contained gaskets requirea loading pressure greater thanthe highest pressure to bedeveloped in the vessel in orderto maintain a tight seal. In Parrdesigns this is produced bytightening a ring of cap screwsin a split-ring cover clamp.Fortunately PTFE is slightly“plastic” and will flow under

Gaskets and Seals

pressure, producing a seal thatimproves with each use as thegasket is forced into the faceson the head and cylinder. It alsois a very forgiving seal whichdoes not require the special careneeded to achieve a uniformloading, which is essential whenworking with a metal or othernon-plastic gasket material.

Self Sealing O-Rings

Parr has greatly expanded itsofferings of reactors and vesselswhich feature self-sealing O-ringclosures. In these designs thesealing force on the gasket isdeveloped from pressure withinthe vessel itself, eliminating theneed for cap screws in the splitring to pre-load the seal. Inthese self-sealing closures thesplit ring sections simply lockthe head and cylinder together.

The physical properties ofavailable O-ring materials arethe governing factors to beconsidered when selecting anO-ring closure. Since O-ringelastomers will not withstandoperating temperatures as highas PTFE polymers, the selectionof a self-sealing closurebecomes a tradeoff betweenlower operating temperaturesand an easy opening design.Although there are a number ofavailable O-ring materials, thereal choice comes down to two:

Fluoroelastomer (FKM) O-rings, such as Viton are a firstchoice for Parr self-sealingclosures. They have goodchemical resistance and a 225˚ C

Flat Teflon Gasket

O-Ring Seal

High Pressure Metal Gasket

Contained Flat Gasket

1DesignFeatures

Gaskets & Seals

➥


Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) O-rings such as Kalrez haveextremely broad chemical resistance and can be used atworking temperatures up to 300˚ C. Unfortunately, thismaterial should probably beconsidered an “exotic” becauseit costs approximately 80 timesas much as an FKM O-ring. Andwhile it will raise the allowableworking temperature to 300˚ C,as a practical matter, most usersintending to work at thistemperature level would be welladvised to choose a closurewith a flat PTFE gasket and a350˚ C temperature limit.

Other exotic O-ring materialsare available, and there areeconomically priced materialssuch as ethylene-propylene thatwill resist some materials thatcause FKM to fail, with onlyslight sacrifices in operatingtemperatures. But, except forspecific applications, they donot currently offer a perfor-mance/price benefit as attractiveas Kalrez.

Contained FlatFlexible GraphiteGaskets forTemperatures to650˚ C

For operating temperaturesabove 350˚ C, Parr uses arecently developed flexible formof graphite, called Grafoil, whichhas proven to be an excellenthigh temperature sealingmaterial. It consists of flexiblelayers of graphite bondedtogether to produce a gasketthat is almost as easy to seal asa flat, PTFE gasket, but with analmost unlimited temperaturerange and excellent chemicalresistance.

Parr has converted all of itsstandard designs to accept aflat, Grafoil gasket wheneveroperating temperatures above350˚ C are required, replacingthe metal gaskets formerly usedfor high temperatures. These

flexible graphite gaskets areheld in grooves identical to theones used for PTFE gaskets andsealed with the same split-ringclosures. This makes it possibleto substitute a PTFE gasketwhenever the vessel is to beused at temperatures below350˚ C. Grafoil gaskets arereusable, but their service life isshorter than can be obtainedwith a PTFE gasket.

Metal GasketsMetal gaskets have tradi-

tionally been the only gasketsavailable for use at tempera-tures above 350˚ C. Parr hasdesigns for diamond cross-section metal gaskets which can be furnished for specialapplications, but we wouldrecommend the flexiblegraphite gaskets describedabove for most applications.

Trademarks of Sealing MaterialsA number of gasketing materials have so dominated their product categories that their

Trade Names have become more common than the actual material designation itself. In an

attempt to respect the value of these Trade Names and their proper usage and to minimize

the disruptions in our descriptions, we have adopted the following generic material

descriptions and designations for use in this catalog. Where available we have selected the

ASTM material designation.

Common or Trade Name Material Designation

Viton® fluoroelastomer FKM

Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer FFKM

Teflon® tetrafluoroethylene polymer PTFE

Grafoil® flexible graphite FG

Viton®, Kalrez®,Teflon® are Registered Trademarks of DuPont.Grafoil® is a Registered Trademark of UCAR Carbon Inc.

1DesignFeatures

Gaskets & Seals

O-Ring Main Head Seal with Retaining Lip

➥


Fixed HeadReactors

With this catalog Parr introduces a new line of reactors with fixed headmountings in a full range ofsizes from 100 mL to 1 and 2 gallon. In these reactors thehead of the vessel remainsfixed in the reactor supportstand. All attachments to thehead: gas and liquid feed anddischarge lines, cooling water,vapor take-off and condenser,thermocouple and any electricalleads can remain permanently

Two Mounting Styles

In the 1 and 2 liter Series 4520and 4530 reactors, and in the600 mL and 1200 mL Series4540 high pressure models, a manually driven mechanismis provided for raising andlowering the cylinder. In the 1 and 2 gallon sizes the cylinderis raised and lowered by eithera manual or a motorized liftmechanism.

in place. The reactor is openedby simply removing the coverclamp sections and loweringthe cylinder away from thehead, leaving all of theattachments undisturbed.

In the 100 mL, 160 mL, 300 mL, 450 mL and 600 mLSeries 4560 reactors, theoperator lowers the heater andremoves the cylinder by hand.

4523 Reactor, 1000 mL, Fixed Head

1DesignFeatures

Mounting Styles

➥

23

4561 Reactor, 300 mL, Removable Head

RemovableVessel Reactors

As an alternate to the fixedhead designs described on theprevious page, all Parr reactorscan be furnished in designswhich allow the entire vessel tobe removed from the heaterand stirrer drive for charging,

product recovery and cleaning.In the smaller and mid-sizedmodels the entire vessel issimply lifted out of the heaterby hand. In the larger 1, 2 and 5 gallon models the vessel canbe opened and closed with thecylinder remaining in theheater, but the head must be

lifted out by hand. In the larger5 gallon model a chain hoist isprovided for lifting the heavierhead and cylinder.

These removable reactorswill be attractive to users thatintend to operate fairly simplebatch systems rather thancontinuous flow arrangements,and that want to be able toremove the vessel for productrecovery, charging or cleaning.They will also appeal to thosethat need to prepare the vesselin a special atmosphere, orwant to clean the cylinder andstirrer at a site away from thereactor stand and heater. Thereis also the added advantage ofbeing less expensive than thefixed head models since theydo not require an elevator toraise and lower the cylinder.

1DesignFeatures

Mounting Styles

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Design Features

➥


For:

Locations:

Fields:

Reactions: 1, 2, or 3 phase studies of :

High temperature high pressure studiesin stirred and non-stirred vessels

Applications

For: research

qual ity assurance

production

teaching

Locations: laboratory

pi lot plant

smal l scale manufacturing faci l i t ies

Fields: chemical

petrochemical

petroleum

pharmaceutical

polymerizat ion

metal lurgical industr ies

Reactions: 1, 2, or 3 phase studies of :acid and alkalai digest ion

biological processes

catalyst evaluat ion

catalyst synthesis

corrosion test ing

crystal growth

electrochemical

hydrogenation

hydrometal lurgy

mater ial analysis

organic synthesis

pressure leaching

ref ining processes

supercr it ical extract ion

1DesignFeatures

Applications

Stirred Reactors

Reactor Selection Procedure:Basic SpecificationsGuide to Parr ReactorsStandard Reactor FittingsOptions

Series 4590 Bench Top Micro Reactors

Series 4560 Bench Top Mini Reactors

Series 4520 Bench Top Reactors

Series 4530Floor Stand Reactors

Series 4540 Bench and Floor Stand Reactors

Series 4550 Floor Stand Reactors

Series 4555-4556Pressure Reactors

Series 4570 and 4580High Pressure/High Temperature Reactors

2StirredReactors

t is possible to

convert most of

these reactors from

one size to another

within the same series.

This is done by

substituting a longer or

shorter cylinder with

corresponding internal

fittings including the

stirrer shaft, thermowell

or thermocouple, dip

tube and cooling coil (if

installed). In some cases,

the heater will also need

to be changed. The Parr

Technical Service

department will be

happy to provide a list

of the appropriate

conversion parts for

any contemplated

conversion.

26 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors

Reactor Selection Procedure

Vessel Size

Parr stirred reactors are offered in manysizes ranging from 25 mL to 18.75 liter (5 gallon). It should be noted that the sizenumbers refer to the free space in thevessel, and for safe operation themaximum liquid charge held in the vesselused in sealed batch operations should notexceed two-thirds of the available freespace. Generally, several vessel depths areoffered within most series, and reactorsizes can be reconfigured with conversionparts. It is also true that the larger sizes areusually more expensive, but the price-volume curve is not a smooth one.

Maximum OperatingPressure

Parr offers two basic operating ranges;1900 psi for general purpose and 5000 psifor high pressure applications. Because ofthe nature of the design process, the smallMicro and Mini Reactors (25 to 600 mL) can be rated at a higher, 3000 psi (207 bar)maximum pressure. Since these modelsare less expensive and much easier to

handle than reactors designed for higherpressures, they are an attractive choice for use in the sub-high pressure range.Substantial savings are available if the user can avoid the tendency to over-specifythe expected operating pressure. ASMEdesign criteria provides for an inherent 4:1 safety factor, typically sufficient formost applications.

Maximum OperatingTemperature

Traditionally the choices here have beenup to 350˚ C for vessels with PTFE gasketsand up to 500˚ C for flexible graphite (previ-ously metal gaskets.) Parr has now addedthe option of a self sealing O-ring closurefor general purpose vessels with volumesfrom 100 mL to 2 gallons. These quickclosing designs are practically limited to225˚ C although this can be raised to 300˚ Cwith exotic/expensive O-ring materials.

Mounting StyleThere are actually two aspects to the

mounting question: the first is bench top or

Four Basic Specifications

1 Establish Basic Specifications

The Parr stirred reactor line has beenrevamped beyond the listings shownin previous catalogs, giving the user

many additional choices when selecting areactor for a specific set of operating condi-tions. New models have been added and thenumber of available options has beengreatly expanded. But the selection processremains the same. It should start with theestablishment of the Four Basic

Specifications discussed below. Having set these requirements, the user can thenidentify a suitable Series group from theGuide. A list of Standard Reactor Fittingsis provided to confirm the basic capabilitiesincluded with each reactor. Finally, TenPrincipal Options should be considered to establish the detailed specifications forspecifying the reactor using the catalognumber and ordering guide.

I

2StirredReactors

SelectionProcedure

➥

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors

Size

Parr Instrument Company offers

laboratory reactors and pressure

vessels in sizes from 25 mL to 18.75 L.

Generally it is best to select a size

that will allow for 1/3 free space.

This allows for some liquid

expansion during the heating

phase of a reaction.

Pressures (psi)

Maximum operating pressures are

determined by adherence to the ASME

pressure vessel design criteria. There

are two ranges; up to 1900 psi and up

to 5000 psi. In some cases reactors in

the 25 mL to 600 mL range can be

rated to 3000 psi.

Temperatures

Operating Temperatures have

traditionally been up to 350˚ C using a

flat PTFE gasket. Other materials have

now extended the range to 500˚ C. New

quick opening designs have been

added to the Parr product line that use

O-rings for the seal and normally limit

the temperature to 225˚ C.

Another choice is the mounting style.

This really becomes two choices. First,

bench top or floor stand. Second, fixed

head or removable vessel. Each choice

has its advantages and of course not

all sizes come in all styles. Call

1-800-872-7720 for a Parr Technical

Representative to answer any

questions.

floor stand. This choice isgenerally limited to reactors

with volumes of 600 mL thru 2 literssince reactors smaller than that arealways mounted on the bench andlarger reactors are restricted to floorstand mountings. Generally a broadermotor choice and better access to abottom drain valve are available onfloor stand models.

A second mounting choice isbetween a removable vessel or fixedhead design. In the removable vesselstyle the complete vessel assembly(only the head in 1 gallon and larger)is removed from the heater for

charging, product recovery and vesselcleaning. As the description implies,in the fixed head style the headremains fixed in the mounting and thereactor cylinder and heater drop awayto open the vessel. The fixed headdesign is a recent addition to the Parrline in response to those users whowish to leave inlet and feed lines,discharge and vent lines, condensersand similar connections undisturbedbetween runs. This option is limited tothe midrange (300 mL to 2 gallon) ofthe reactors as it is not practical forthe very smallest or largest designs.

Model Reactor Nominal Maximum Maximum See PageNumbers Type Size Pressure psig (bar) Temperature ˚C Number4591-4593 Micro, Bench Type 25-100 mL 3000 (207) 225 30-334561-4568 Mini, Bench Type 100-600 mL 3000 (207) 225 and 350 34-374521-4524 Mid-Size, Bench Type 1000 and 2000 mL 1900 (130) 225 and 350 38-414531-4534 Mid-size, Floor Stand 1000 and 2000 mL 1900 (130) 225 and 350 42-454544-4548 High Press./Moderate 600 and 1200 mL 5000 (350) 350 47-49

Temp., Bench and Floor (3.75 and 7.5L)4551-4554 General Purpose, 1 and 2 gallon 1900 (130) 225 and 350 50-53

Floor Stand (3.75 and 7.5L)4555-4556 General Purpose, 5 and 2.6 gallon 1900 (130) 350 54-57

Floor Stand (18.75 and 10L)4571-4574 High Press./High 1000 and 2000 mL 5000 (350) 500 58-61

Temp., Floor Stand4575-4576 High Press./High 500 and 250 mL 5000 (350) 500 58-61

Temp., Bench Top4581-4582 High Press./High 1 and 1.5 gallon 3000 (200) 500 58-61

Temp., Floor Stand (3.75 and 5.5L)

Guide to Parr Stirred Reactors

2 Select Appropriate Series

18.75 L25 mL

500030001900

500˚ C350˚ C

27

2StirredReactors

Choosing your Parr Stirred Reactor

➥

➥


Standard Reactor Fittings

Safety Rupture Disc toprotect the vessel and theoperator from dangerous pres-sures beyond the rated limit forthe vessel.

Thermocouple orThermowell for measuring thetemperature within the vessel. Insmall reactors, a thermocoupleencased in a metal probeextends directly into the vessel.In larger reactors, and specialalloys, the control thermocoupleis inserted into a thermowellwhich extends to a point nearthe bottom of the vessel.

Internal Stirring Systemconsists of a motor drive magneticallycoupled to an internal stirrer shaftwith attached turbine-type impeller(s).

Inlet TubeCooling Coil

Gas Release Valve torelease gas from the reactorduring or at the completionof a run.

Liquid Sampling Valve forwithdrawing liquid samplesthrough the dip tube shared withthe gas inlet valve. Incoming gascan be used to clear the dip tubebetween liquid samples.

Gas Inlet Valve for charginggas into the reactor. This valveand the liquid sampling valveare connected to a dip tubewhich extends to the bottom ofthe vessel.

3 Confirm Standard Fittings2

StirredReactors

4 Basic Specifications

➥

Pressure Gage, analogtype, which shows thepressure within the vesselat all times.

➥

29Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors

Options

There are a number ofoptions to be considered andselections to be made in orderto complete the specificationsfor a reactor. These include:

1. Material of Construction.The majority of organic reac-

tions can be handled in stainlesssteel, but ten other corrosionresistant alloys are available toprovide vessels suitable for usewith a wide range of corrosiveacids, bases, salts and gases.Special alloy construction can beprovided for both the internalparts of the vessel and theexternal valves and fittings, butthere is a considerable costsavings if the user will acceptstandard external parts made ofstainless steel instead of aspecial alloy.

2. Magnetic Drive.On all but the smallest

reactors the standard magneticdrive can be replaced with ahigher torque model to handlehigh viscosity stirring loads. Thestandard, general purpose driveswill normally handle viscositiesup to 25,000 centipoise.

3. Stirrer Drive Motor. High viscosity reactants

will also dictate the choices of a larger stirrer drive motor and possibly an alternate power train.

4. Cooling Coil. An internal cooling coil can be

installed in all reactors (exceptthe Micro sizes) to remove theheat of a reaction and/or to coolthe vessel at the end of a run. In

some reactors a cooling coil isfurnished as a standard fitting.In others, a coil can be added asan option in either spiral orserpentine configurations.

5. Gage and Rupture Disc Ranges.

These components are available in many ranges andresolutions appropriate for boththe reactor and the intendedwork to be accomplished.

6. Instrumentation Package. Two different temperature

controllers and an alternatecomputer-based process controller are available, eachwith optional add-on modulesfor pressure measurement, hightemperature cut-off, stirringspeed and stirring load display.

7. Certification.ASME, TÜV and CE

Certifications are available for users who require these recognized quality assurancecertifications.

8. Electrical Supply. Parr reactors can be furnished

to draw power from anystandard electric supply systemin the world.

9. Custom Options. A wide range of custom

options such as specialopenings in the head or cylinder,windows, special valves, customheaters or jackets, explosionproof wiring and volume modifi-cations are available.

10. Accessories. Various accessories, such

as glass and PTFE liners, condensers, catalyst holders and alternate stirrers are available to further adapt these reactors to the individual user’s applications.

Detailed information for eachof the above options, and foradditional selections as well, isprovided on pages listed in theIndex below.

4 Specify Detailed Options

Index to Stirred Reactor DesignFeatures, Options and Accessories

Reference PageDesign Features

Standard Fittings 28Closures 18-19Mounting Styles 22-23

OptionsMaterials of Construction 9-12Gasket Systems 20-21Magnetic Drives 16-17Pressure Gages 75Rupture Discs 74Temperature Controllers 91-100Heaters 68-69*Cooling coils 75Stirrer Drive Motors 66-67*Bottom Drain Valves 78*Windows 80-81Certifications 14-15*External Valves and Fittings 83

AccessoriesLiners 79Spare Parts Kits 84*Catalyst Holders 72-76*Condensers 73Interchangeable Sizes 26*Alternate Stirrers 70-71

* May require modifications of vessel to install.

2StirredReactors

Standard Fittings

➥


Series 4590 Bench Top Micro Reactors

T hese are the smallest of all Parr Stirred Reactors.They will be a good

choice for chemists workingwith very expensive materialsor materials only available insmall amounts. They will alsoappeal to users who wish tominimize the risks associatedwith hazardous materials orreactions by restricting the reactants or products to aminimum. They also minimizethe quantities of waste productswhich may require specialdisposal procedures.

These micro reactors havebeen designed to provide asmany of the features of thelarger vessels as possible in thelimited space available. All ofthe standard head fittings areprovided, but cooling is notavailable unless some of thenormal fittings are eliminated.A convenient screw cap and O-ring closure allows thesesmall vessels to be closed bysimply turning down a screwcap until it is hand tight. Nowrenches or other tools arerequired. Normal heating ratesare achieved using heaters

which clamp directly onto thelimited surface area availablefor heat transfer. The 225˚ Cmaximum working temperaturewith an FKM O-ring can beincreased to 275˚ C by sub-stituting a high temperature,FFKM O-ring at added cost.These micro reactors can beeasily converted from one sizeto another by simply substi-

tuting a larger or smallercylinder with the correspondinginternal fittings. The supportsystem can also be readilyadapted to accept any of thevessels from the 4560 MiniReactor Series. The opportunityto modify these small reactorsis restricted because of thelimited space available.

4592 Micro Reactor, 50 mL, with 4842 Controller

Series Number:4590

Type:Bench Top Micro Reactor

Vessel: Removable

Sizes: 25-100 mL

Maximum Operating Pressure3000 psi (207 bar)

Maximum Operating Temperature275˚ C w/ FFKM O-ring

2StirredReactors

➥

➥31Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors 31

Indicates specifications that change within models

Model Number 4591 4592 4593

Series 4590 Reactor Specifications

2StirredReactors

Series 4590

Sizes, mL 25 50 100

Maximum Pressure, psi (bar) 3000 (207)

Maximum Temperature ˚C

with FFKM O-ring 275

Vessel Style Removable

Reactor Mounting Bench Top

Closure Screw Cap

Valve Connections, NPT 1/8” Male

Magnetic Stirrer, Model No. A1120HC6

Maximum Torque, Inch-Pounds 16

Impeller(s), number (blades) 1 (4)

Pressure Gage, Size, inches 3.5

Range, psi (bar) 0-3000 (207)*

Temperature Measurement Fixed T.C.

Cooling Coil Not Available

Style N/A

Bottom Drain Valve None

Heater Style Clamp-on

Heater Power Watts 400

Stirrer Motor, hp, type 1/8 V.S.*

Electrical Supply

Volts 115 or 230

Maximum Load, amps, 115/230 10/5

Vessel Dimensions

Inside Diameter, inches 1 1.3 1.3

Inside Depth, inches 2 2.25 4.5

Weight of Vessel, pounds 6 6 7

Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches w/o Controller 11.5

Depth, inches 17.5

Height, inches 25.5

Weight, pounds 55 55 56

Spare Parts Kit 4599

* Other options available. See Options Section and Ordering Guide

➥

32 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Strirred Reactors

Micro Reactor Vessel Assembly

Micro Reactor Vessel Head

50 mL, 100 mL, and 25 mL Cylinders

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page

Materials of Construction . . . . 9-12Electrical Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Stirrer Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Pressure Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Rupture Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Temperature Control . . . . . . . 90-93Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . 94-95Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . 96-99Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15

Custom Options

Stirrers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69External Valves and Fittings . . . . 83Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-81Explosion Proof Options . . . . 64-65

Accessories

Liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Spare Parts Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Pressure Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Check Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Liquid Pipettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Gas Burettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Series 4590 Options

2StirredReactors

Series 4590 Options

➥➥

33Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors 33

B. GASKET/MAXIMUM TEMP.–O O-Ring 275˚ C

C. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy 276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702 or 705

D. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY–115 115 Volt, 50/60 Hz–230 230 Volt, 50/60 Hz

E. MOTOR OPTION–VS Variable Speed, 1/8 hp–AM Air Motor–XP Explosion Proof

Variable Speed, 1/4 hp

F. PRESSURE GAGE–2000 2000 psi/140 bar–3000 3000 psi/207 bar–1000 1000 psi/70 bar–600 600 psi/40 bar–200 200 psi/14 bar–100 100 psi/7 bar

G. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER–4842 PID Control–4843 Programable Control–4861 Process Controller–4862 Expanded Process Controller

H. CONTROL OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)–TDM* Tachometer Display Module–PDM* Pressure Display Module–HTM* High Temperature Cut-off Module–AMM* Ammeter Display Module–*(A) Add to above for Analog Output

(0-5 or 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA)–SVM Solenoid Valve Module–CM Communications Module.

I. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Gas Entrainment StirrerCondenser

J. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community

Standard–P Parr Certification

A. BASE

Model No. Size Head Style4591 25 mL Removable4592 50 mL Removable4593 100 mL Removable

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

Series 4590 Ordering Guide

N o . 4 5 9 2 — O — S S — 1 1 5 — X P — 3 0 0 0 — 4 8 4 2 — P D M

A composite identificationnumber to be used whenordering a micro reactor can be developed by combiningindividual symbols from theseparate sections.

EXAMPLEA 50 mL, T316SS, reactor with an

O-ring, 115V explosion proof motor,3000 psi gage and PID controller withpressure display module would belisted as:

Model Gasket Material Voltage Motor Gage ControllerControlOptions

No. 4592-O-SS-115-XP-3000-4842-PDM

2StirredReactors


➥


These are the most popular of all Parr StirredReactors. Although they

are called “Mini” reactors, they offer a range of sizes largeenough to work with significantsample sizes, yet small enoughto be handled with ease by alloperators. They are made inboth fixed head and removablevessel styles, with a choice ofeither a self sealed O-ring closure with no cap screws for working temperatures up to 225˚ C, or with a flat, PTFE gasket for higher temperaturesup to 350˚ C sealed with six cap screws in a split-ring cover clamp.

Although internal andexternal space is limited inthese small vessels, gasentrainment impellers, catalystbaskets, condensers and otheroptions are available. Allreactors in this series can alsobe converted easily from one

size to another by simplysubstituting a longer or shortercylinder with correspondinginternal fittings, but any sizechange may require a differentheater. A longer cylinder can beheated in a shorter heater, but ashorter cylinder must never beheated in a longer heaterbecause the heater will burn outif the entire heating surface isnot in contact with a metalvessel.

The support system for theseMini Reactors is designedspecifically to provide stabilityat stirring speeds up to 2500rpm, in a compact mountingsmall enough to fit into a laboratory hood. The supportsystem can also be adapted toaccept any of the smaller vessels from the 4590 MicroReactor Series.

4561 Mini Reactor, 300 mL, with 4843 Controller

Series 4560 Bench Top Mini ReactorsSeries Number:4560

Type:Bench Top Mini Reactor

Vessel: Removable or Fixed

Sizes: 100-600 mL


Maximum Operating Temperature225˚ C w/ FKM O-ring350˚ C w/ PTFE Flat Gasket

2StirredReactors

➥

➥35Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors 35


Model Number 4561 4562 4563 4564 4565 4566 4567 4568 4566B 4566C

Series 4560 Mini Reactor Specifications

2StirredReactors

Series 4560

Sizes, mL 300 450 600 160 100 300 450 600 160 100



with FKM O-ring 225

with PTFE Flat Gasket 350

Vessel Style Removable Fixed Head


Closure (Cap Screws) Split-Ring (6)


Magnetic Stirrer, Model No. A1120HC6


Impeller(s), number (blades) 1 (4) 2(4) 2(4) 1(4) 1(4) 1(4) 2(4) 2(4) 1(4) 1(4)


Range, psi (bar) 0-3000 (207)*

Temperature Measurement Fixed T.C.*

Cooling Coil Included Not Incl. Included Not Incl.

Style Single Loop

Bottom Drain Valve Special

Heater Style Mantle Clamp-on Mantle Clamp On

Heater Power Watts 400 590 780 500 500 400 590 780 500 500


Electrical Supply

Volts 115 or 230

Maximum Load, amps, 115/230 6/3.5

Vessel Dimensions

Inside Diameter, inches 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2

Inside Depth, inches 4 6 8 2 2 4 6 8 2 2

Weight of Vessel, pounds 10 13 16 8 9 12 15 18 8 9

Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches 11.5

Depth, inches 17.5

Height, inches 25.5 29.5 33.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 29.5 33.5 25.5 25.5

Weight, pounds 60 63 66 60 60 60 63 66 60 60

Spare Parts Kit 4569M


➥


450 mL Vessel Assembly for 4562 Mini Reactor

Vessel Head Assembly for 450 mL Reactor

600 mL, 160 mL, 450 mL, 100 mL, and 300 mL Cylinders

Series 4560 Options

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page

Gasket Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21Magnetic Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17Materials of Construction . . . . 9-12Electrical Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Stirrer Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Pressure Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Rupture Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Temperature Control . . . . . . . 90-93Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . 94-95Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . 96-99Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15

Custom Options

Stirrers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69External Valves and Fittings . . . . 83Solids Charging Ports . . . . . . . . . 77Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Catalyst Addition Devices. . . . . . 76Catalyst Baskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-81Explosion Proof Options . . . . 64-65

Accessories


2StirredReactors

Series 4560Options

➥➥

37Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors 37

A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.


B. GASKET/MAXIMUM TEMP.–T Compression 350˚ C

Gasket–O O-Ring 225˚ C

C. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy 276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702 or 705


E. MOTOR OPTION–VS Variable Speed, 1/8 hp–AM Air Motor–XP Explosion Proof


F. PRESSURE GAGE–2000 2000 psi/140 bar–3000 3000 psi/207 bar–1000 1000 psi/70 bar–4000 4000 psi/280 bar–600 600 psi/40 bar–200 200 psi/14 bar–100 100 psi/7 bar

G. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER–4842 PID Control–4843 Programable Control–4861 Process Controller–4862 Expanded Process Controller

H. CONTROL OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)–TDM* Tachometer Display Module–PDM* Pressure Display Module–HTM* High Temperature Cut-off Module–AMM* Ammeter Display Module–*(A) Add to above for Analog Output


I. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst BasketCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

J. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community Certification–P Parr Certification

N o . 4 5 6 3 — O — S S — 1 1 5 — X P — 3 0 0 0 — 4 8 4 2 — P D M

A. BASE

Model No. Size Vessel Style Stirrer Drive4561 300 mL Removable General Purpose4562 450 mL Removable General Purpose4563 600 mL Removable General Purpose4564 160 mL Removable General Purpose4565 100 mL Removable General Purpose4566 300 mL Fixed Head General Purpose4567 450 mL Fixed Head General Purpose4568 600 mL Fixed Head General Purpose4566B 160 mL Fixed Head General Purpose4566C 100 mL Fixed Head General Purpose

A composite identificationnumber to be used when ordering a mini reactor can be developed by combining individual symbols from the separate sections.

EXAMPLEA 600 mL, T316SS, reactor with

magnetic drive, O-ring gasket, 115Vexplosion proof motor, 3000 psi gageand PID controller with pressure display module would be listed as:

Model Gasket Material Voltage Motor Gage ControllerControlOptions

No. 4563-O-SS-115-XP-3000-4842-PDM

2StirredReactors


➥


These are the largest of theParr Reactors that can behandled on a bench top.

They can be furnished witheither a self-sealing, O-ring closure for working tempera-tures up to 225˚ C, or with aflat, PTFE gasket for higher temperatures to 350˚ C. Bothfixed head and removable vessel designs are available. It should be noted, however,that the 2 liter, fixed headmodel is tall and may not beconvenient to operate on astandard height bench top. Werecommend using a floor stand.(See Series 4530)

With their larger diameter,these mid-size reactors havesufficient space for specialmodifications, such as: aninternal cooling coil, a bottomdrain valve, a ball valve on asolids charging port, catalystaddition devices, condensers,electrical feed-thrus and more.Details are provided in theOptions Section.

The standard stirrer drive on these 4520 Models workswell for reaction mixtures withviscosities up to 25,000centipoise. For heavier stirringloads, the fixed head can be

equipped with larger magneticdrives, more powerful motorsand drive trains capable ofdelivering additional stirringtorque.

Series 4520 1&2 Liter Bench Top Reactors

4523 Bench Top Reactor, 1000 mL, Fixed Head

Series Number:4520

Type:Bench Top Reactor


Sizes: 1000-2000 mL



2StirredReactors

➥

➥39Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors


Model Number 4521 4522 4523 4524


4523 Fixed Head Reactor with Internal Fittings

4523 Fixed Head Reactor Opened

2StirredReactors

Series 4520

Sizes, mL 1000 2000 1000 2000



with FKM O-ring 225






Magnetic Stirrer, Model No. A1120HC*




Range, psi (bar) 0-2000 (140)*

Temperature Measurement Thermowell

Cooling Coil Optional

Style Serpentine or Spiral

Bottom Drain Valve A145VB None

Heater Style Calrod

Heater Power Watts 1500 1500 1000 1500


Electrical Supply

Volts 115 or 230

Maximum Load, amps, 115/230 18/9*

Vessel Dimensions

Inside Diameter, inches 4.0

Inside Depth, inches 5.4 10.5 5.4 10.5

Weight of Vessel, pounds 28 32 32 36

Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches w/o Controller 15.5 16.5

Depth, inches 15.5 23.5

Height, inches 32 32 33 43

Weight, pounds w/Cont. 115 120 125 130

Spare Parts Kit 4509M* or 4549M


➥


Series 4520 Options

1000 mL Removable Vessel Assembly with Magnetic Drive

4522 Bench Top Reactor, 2000 mL, Removable Vessel, with 4842 Temperature Controller

Removable Head Assembly for 1000mL Vessel

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page

Gasket Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21Magnetic Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17Materials of Construction . . . . 9-12Electrical Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Stirrer Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Pressure Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Rupture Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Cooling Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Bottom Drain Valve. . . . . . . . . . . 78Temperature Control . . . . . . . 90-93Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . 94-95Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . 96-99Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15

Custom Options

Stirrers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69External Valves & Fittings. . . . . . 83Solids Charging Ports . . . . . . . . . 77Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Electrical Leads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Catalyst Addition Devices. . . . . . 76Catalyst Baskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-81Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Explosion Proof Options . . . . 64-65

Accessories


2StirredReactors

Series 4520 Options

➥➥


A. B. C. D. E. F.




C. STIRRER DRIVE–GP General Purpose

Magnetic–HD Heavy Duty Magnetic

(4523-4524 only)

D. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy C-276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702 or 705

E. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY–115 115 Volt, 50/60 Hz–230 230 Volt, 50/60 Hz

F. MOTOR OPTION–VS .12 Variable Speed, 1/8 hp–VS .25* Variable Speed, 1/4 hp–VS .50* Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–XP .25* Explosion Proof


–XP .50* Explosion Proof Variable Speed, 1/2 hp

–AM .12 Air Motor, 1/8 hp–AM .50* Air Motor, 1/2 hp* Models 4523 and 4524 Only

G. PRESSURE GAGE–2000 2000 psi/140 bar–3000 3000 psi/207 bar–1000 1000 psi/70 bar–600 600 psi/40 bar–200 200 psi/14 bar–100 100 psi/7 bar

H. INTERNAL COOLING COIL–No Symbol No Coil–CC Spiral Coil–SC Serpentine Coil

I. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER–4842 PID Control–4843 Programable Control–4861 Process Controller–4862 Expanded Process Controller

J. CONTROL OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)–TDM* Tachometer Display Module–PDM* Pressure Display Module–HTM* High Temperature Cut-off Module–AMM* Ammeter Display Module–*(A) Add to above for Analog Output


K. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst BasketCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

L. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community

Certification–P Parr Certification

N o . 4 5 2 4 — O — G P — S S — 1 1 5 — X P . 2 5 — e t c . . .

A. BASE

Model No. Size Vessel Style

4521 1000 mL Removable4522 2000 mL Removable4523 1000 mL Fixed Head4524 2000 mL Fixed Head

A composite identificationnumber to be used when ordering a 4520 Series reactorcan be developed by combining individual symbols from theseparate sections.

EXAMPLEA 2000 mL, T316SS, reactor with fixed

head, magnetic drive, O-ring gasket, 115Vexplosion proof 1/4 hp motor, 2000 psi gageand PID controller with pressure displaymodule would be listed as:

Model Gasket Stirrer Material Voltage Motor

No. 4524-O-GP-SS-115-XP.25-2000-4842-PDM

2StirredReactors


➥


This series of reactors will appeal to users whohave any of the following needs:

• Reactors Configured for Polymer Studies.The reactors in this series are mounted on a sturdyfloor stand which will accommodate larger stirrer drivemotors and stronger power trains than are availablefor the bench top models. With these options it ispossible to provide the high torque and low stirringspeeds required for work with polymers and othermixtures with viscosities of 1 million centipoise andmore. These mountings also permit the installation ofa drain valve in the bottom of the vessel for convenientremoval of the reaction mixture while it is still hot.

• Reactors Requiring Extensive Modifications.Floor stand mountings provide a good base for reactormodifications and for the addition of accessories, suchas: condensers, packed columns, special motors,special heaters, jacketed vessels, automatic valves orregulators, and many others.

• Reactors that Need to be Moved. Users whoplan to operate these reactors in a area where a benchtop is not available, or who wish to move the reactorto storage when not in use, will appreciate themovable floor stand design of the Series 4531 and4532. All of the 1 and 2 liter reactors in this series canbe furnished with either a self-sealing, O-ring closurefor working temperatures up to 225˚ C, or with a flat,PTFE gasket for higher temperatures to 350˚ C. Bothfixed head and removable vessel designs are available.

Series 4530 1 & 2 Liter Floor Stand Reactors

4534 Floor Stand Reactor, 2000 mL, Fixed Head, Heavy Duty Drive, with 4843 Temperature Controller and Expansion Modules

Series Number:4530

Type:Floor Stand Reactor


Sizes: 1000-2000 mL



2StirredReactors

➥



Model Number 4531 4532 4533 4534


4533 Floor Stand Reactor, 1000 mL, Fixed Head, GeneralPurpose Drive, with 4843 Temperature Controller andExpansion Modules

Sizes, mL 1000 2000 1000 2000



with FKM O-ring 225



Reactor Mounting Floor Stand







Range, psi (bar) 0-2000 (140)*




Bottom Drain Valve A145VB

Heater Style Calrod



Electrical Supply

Volts 115 or 230


Vessel Dimensions




Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches 35

Depth, inches 18

Height, inches 50

Weight, pounds 200 215 225 240

Spare Parts Kit 4539M or 4549M


2StirredReactors

Series 4530➥


Series 4530 Options

4531 Floor Stand Reactor, 1000 mL, Removable Vessel, Heavy Duty Drive, Bottom Drain Valve, and 4842 TemperatureController with Expansion Modules

2000 mL Reactor with Reflux/Take-Off Condenser

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page

Gasket Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21Magnetic Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17Materials of Construction . . . . 9-12Electrical Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Stirrer Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Pressure Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Rupture Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Cooling Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Bottom Drain Valve. . . . . . . . . . . 78Temperature Control . . . . . . . 90-93Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . 94-95Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . 96-99Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15

Custom Options


Accessories


2StirredReactors

Series 4530Options

➥➥


C.B.A. D. E. F.




C. STIRRER DRIVE–GP General Purpose Magnetic–HD Heavy Duty Magnetic–XHD Extra Heavy Duty

Magnetic (4531-4532 only)

D. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy C-276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702 or 705


F. MOTOR OPTION–VS .25 Variable Speed, 1/4 hp–VS .50 Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–XP .25 Explosion Proof


–XP .50 Explosion Proof Variable Speed, 1/2 hp

–AM .50 Air Motor, 1/2 hp


H. INTERNAL COOLING COIL–No Symbol No Coil–CC Spiral Coil–SC Serpentine Coil

I. BOTTOM DRAIN VALVE–No Symbol No Bottom Drain–BDV Bottom

Drain Installed

J. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER–4842 PID Control–4843 Programable Control–4861 Process Controller–4862 Expanded Process Controller

K. CONTROL OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)–TDM* Tachometer Display Module–PDM* Pressure Display Module–HTM* High Temperature Cut-off Module–AMM* Ammeter Display Module–*(A) Add to above for Analog Output


L. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst BasketCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

M. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community


N o . 4 5 3 2 — O — G P — S S — 1 1 5 — V S . 2 5 — e t c . . .

A. BASE

Model No. Size Vessel Style

4531 1000 mL Removable4532 2000 mL Removable4533 1000 mL Fixed Head4534 2000 mL Fixed Head

A composite identificationnumber to be used when ordering a 4530 Series reactorcan be developed by combining individual symbols from theseparate sections.

EXAMPLEA 2000 mL, T316SS, removable head reactor with

general purpose magnetic drive, O-ring gasket, 115Vvariable speed 1/4 hp motor, 2000 psi gage and PIDcontroller with tachometer, pressure display moduleand high temperature cutoff module would be listed as:

Stirrer Material Voltage Motor

No. 4532-O-GP-SS-115-VS.25-2000-4842-TDM-PDM

2StirredReactors


➥

46

Series 4540 600-1200 mL Bench Top and Floor Stand Reactors

4546 Floor Stand Reactor, 1200 mL, High Pressure, 4842 Temperature Controller with Expansion Modules

Series Number:4540

Type: Bench Top & Floor Stand Reactor


Sizes: 600-1200 mL


Maximum Operating Temperature350˚ C w/ PTFE Flat Gasket

2StirredReactors

➥

This is a new series ofstirred reactors designedfor users who need higher

operating pressures than the2000 to 3000 psi offered by theGeneral Purpose Reactor, butdo not require the high oper-ating temperatures provided bythe Series 4570 High Pressure-High Temperature Reactors.These reactors offer workingpressures to 5000 psi (350 bar)at temperatures to 350˚ C.These vessels have beendesigned with outside dimen-sions comparable to the Series4520 and 4530 Reactors so thatthey can use the same supportsystem, stirrer drive and heateras these popular generalpurpose models. This providesnot only an attractively pricedhigh pressure/moderatetemperature system, but alsoreactors that can be inter-changed with the 1 and 2 litersizes. The thicker sectionsrequired for higher operatingpressures reduces the volumesof these reactors to 600 and1200 mL.

Reactors and Pressure

The 600 mL size can be used in either the bench top orfloor stand mountings. Whilethe 1200 mL reactor will fit inthe bench top heater of the

Vessels — Stirred Reactors

Model 4522 Reactor, it is too heavy to be handledcomfortably on a bench top and the floor stand version is suggested.

➥



Model Number 4544 4545 4546 4547 4548


2StirredReactors

Series 4540

Sizes, mL 600 600 1200 1200 1200



with FKM O-ring NA


Vessel Style Removable Fixed Head Removable Fixed Head Fixed Head

Reactor Mounting Bench Top Bench Top Floor Stand Floor Stand Bench (New)

Closure (Cap Screws) Split-ring (8)


Magnetic Stirrer, Model No. A1120HC




Range, psi (bar) 0-10,000 (700)*


Cooling Coil Included

Style Single Loop

Bottom Drain Valve A177VB A177VB A145VB A145VB A145VB

Heater Style Calrod

Heater Power Watts 1500 2000


Electrical Supply

Volts 115 or 230


Vessel Dimensions


Inside Depth, inches 4.7 9.8

Weight of Vessel, pounds 51 57

Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches w/o Controller 15.5 16.5 35 35 35

Depth, inches 15.5 23.5 18 23.5 23.5

Height, inches 32 33 50 75 50

Weight, pounds w/Controller 140 160 225 250 250

Spare Parts Kit


➥


Series 4540 Options

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page

Gasket Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21Magnetic Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17Materials of Construction . . . . 9-12Electrical Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Stirrer Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Pressure Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Rupture Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Bottom Drain Valve. . . . . . . . . . . 78Temperature Control . . . . . . . 90-93Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . 94-95Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . 96-99Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15

Custom Options


Accessories

Spare Parts Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Pressure Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Check Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Liquid Pipettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Gas Burettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

2StirredReactors

Series 4540Options

4545 Bench Top Reactor, 600 mL, High Pressure, Assembled

4547 Floor Stand Reactor, 1200 mL, High Pressure, Open

➥➥


A. B. C. D. E. F.



Gasket

C. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy C-276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702 or 705


E. MOTOR OPTION–VS .12 Variable Speed, 1/8 hp–VS .25 Variable Speed, 1/4 hp–VS .50 Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–XP .25 Explosion Proof

Variable Speed, 1/4 hp–XP .50 Explosion Proof

Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–AM .12 Air Motor, 1/8 hp–AM .50 Air Motor, 1/2 hp

F. PRESSURE GAGE–2000 2000 psi/140 bar–3000 3000 psi/207 bar–5000 5000 pdi/350 bar–10000 10000 psi/700 bar

G. INTERNAL COOLING COILNo Symbol No Coil–SC Serpentine Coil

H. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER–4842 PID Control–4843 Programable Control–4861 Process Controller–4862 Expanded Process Controller

I. CONTROL OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)–TDM* Tachometer Display Module–PDM* Pressure Display Module–HTM* High Temperature Cut-off Module–AMM* Ammeter Display Module–*(A) Add to above for Analog Output


J. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst BasketCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

K. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community


N o . 4 5 4 4 — T — S S — 1 1 5 — X P . 2 5 — 3 0 0 0 — e t c .

A. BASE

Model No. Size Head Style Mounting Stirrer4544 600 mL Removable Bench Top General Purpose4545 600 mL Fixed Head Bench Top General Purpose4546 1200 mL Removable Floor Stand General Purpose4547 1200 mL Fixed Head Floor Stand General Purpose4548 1200 mL Fixed Head Bench Top General Purpose

A composite identificationnumber to be used whenordering a reactor can bedeveloped by combining indi-vidual symbols from theseparate sections.

EXAMPLEA 600 mL, T316SS, removable head reactor with

magnetic drive, Flat Gasket, 115V explosion proof1/4 hp motor, 3000 psi gage and PID controller withpressure display module would be listed as:

Model Gasket Material Voltage Motor Gage

No. 4544-T-SS-115-XP.25-3000-4842-PDM

2StirredReactors

Series 4540Ordering Guide

➥


Series 4550 Floor Stand 1 & 2 Gallon Reactors

These 4550 Reactors extendthe size range of the 4530Series to 1 and 2 gallon

(3.75 and 7.5 liter) sizes,providing excellent facilities for pilot plant studies. They canbe furnished with either a self-sealing O-ring closure forworking temperatures up to225˚ C, or with a flat, PTFEgasket for higher temperaturesto 350˚ C. Both fixed head andremovable head designs areavailable. These reactors aredesigned so that they can beopened or closed convenientlywithout removing the cylinderand without auxiliary handlingequipment. The split-ring coverclamp sections can be movedinto place from the sides, andthe cap screws can be tightenedwith the vessel in place in its heater.

The 1 gallon size is usuallyrecommended for high viscositypolymer studies, with a bottomdrain valve added for convenient

4551 Floor Stand Reactor, 1 Gallon, 4843 Temperature Controller with Expansion Modules

product recovery. As with thesmaller floor stand models,these larger, self-containedsystems can be equipped with avariety of attachments, such as:condensers, solids chargingport, bottom drain, specialmotors, special heaters,jacketed vessels and automatic

valves and regulators. Becauseof the larger heaters for thesereactors, all models in the 4550 Series require a 230 voltpower supply.

Series Number:4550



Sizes: 1 and 2 gallon



2StirredReactors

➥

➥51

4554 Floor Stand Reactor, 2 Gallon, Fixed Head, Opened


Model Number 4551 4552 4553 4554


2StirredReactors

Series 4550

Sizes, Gallon (Liter) 1 (3.75) 2 (7.50) 1 (3.75) 2 (7.50)



with FKM O-ring 225










Range, psi (bar) 0-2000 (140)*





Heater Style Calrod


Stirrer Motor, hp, type .25 V.S.*

Electrical Supply

Volts 230

Maximum Load, amps, 230V 12

Vessel Dimensions




Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches 35 20

Depth, inches 18 30

Height, inches 50 72

Weight, pounds 265 295 315 345

Spare Parts Kit 4559M


➥

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Stirred Reactors


Series 4550 Options

1 Gallon Reactor with Split-Rings Removed

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page


Custom Options

Stirrers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69External Valves & Fittings. . . . . . 83Solids Charging Ports . . . . . . . . . 77Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Electrical Leads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Catalyst Addition Devices. . . . . . 76Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-81Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Explosion Proof Options . . . . 64-65

Accessories


2StirredReactors

Series 4550Options

1 Gallon Vessel➥

➥


A. B. C. D. E. F. G.




C. STIRRER DRIVE–HD Heavy Duty Magnetic–XHD Extra Heavy Duty

Magnetic (4551-4552 only)

D. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy C-276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702

E. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY–230 230 Volt, 50/60 Hz

F. MOTOR OPTION–VS .25 Variable Speed, 1/4 hp–VS .50 Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–XP .25 Explosion Proof


Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–AM .50 Air Motor, 1/2 hp


H. INTERNAL COOLING COILNo Symbol No Coil–CC Spiral Coil–SC Serpentine Coil

I. BOTTOM DRAIN VALVENo Symbol No Bottom Drain–BDV Bottom Drain




L. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

M. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community


N o . 4 5 5 2 — O — H D — S S — 2 3 0 — V S . 5 0 — 2 0 0 0 — e t c . . .

A. BASE

Model No. Size Vessel Style4551 1 Gallon Removable4552 2 Gallon Removable4553 1 Gallon Fixed Head4554 2 Gallon Fixed Head

A composite identificationnumber to be used whenordering a reactor can bedeveloped by combining individual symbols from the separate sections.

EXAMPLEA 2 Gallon, T316SS, removable head reactor with a heavy

duty magnetic drive, O-ring gasket, 230V variable speed 1/2 hpmotor, 2000 psi gage, serpentine internal cooling coil, bottomdrain valve, PID controller with tachometer, pressure displaymodule and high temperature cutoff module would be listed as:

No. 4552-O-HD-SS-230-VS.50-2000-SC-BV-4842-TDM-PDM-HTM

Model Gasket Stirrer Material Voltage Motor Gage

2StirredReactors


➥


T he Model 4555 Reactorwith its 5 gallon (18.75 L)capacity is the largest

stirred reactor offered by Parr.The 4556 Model is a similar unitin a 10 liter (2.6 gal) mid-sizebetween the larger 5 gallondesign and the smaller 1 and 2 gallon models in the 4550 Series.

These reactors are availableonly with a flat, PTFE gasket ina removable head designed foroperating temperatures up to350˚ C maximum. A fixed headis not offered because it wouldbecome too tall for reasonableoperation, especially if equippedwith a bottom drain valve,which is usually requested. The vessel is held in a supportsystem which minimizes thephysical effort required tohandle these heavy compo-nents. A hoist attached to asupport column provides aconvenient means for lifting the head and cylinder out of thestand and transferring theseparts to an opening in the righthand table. Since these vesselsare usually equipped with a

bottom drain, the cylinder willprobably remain in the heatermost of the time, but it can belifted out when necessary.

These reactors are generallyused for pilot plant or forcustom chemical productionpurposes, usually with a varietyof attachments added to thebasic units. Special heaters, 3-zone heaters, larger motors,heavier stirrer drives andremote controls appropriate tothe size of these reactors havebeen designed and areavailable. Other volume,pressure and temperature limits

4555, Floor Stand Reactor, 5 Gallon, Manual Hoist, with 4842 Temperature Controller

Series 4555 10 & 20 Liter Floor Stand Reactors

have also been built into theseunits within the outside dimen-sions of the 5 gallon system,including a special stirredsystem rated as high as 5000 psiand 500˚ C.

Approximately 7.5 kW ofelectric power is required tooperate these reactors. This isusually too large a load to bedrawn from a single phase, 230 volt line. This requirementmust therefore be consideredcarefully when ordering any ofthese reactors to be sure thatthe ordered unit is configured tooperate on the available power.

Series Number:4555


Vessel: Removable

Sizes: 10 & 20 Liter



2StirredReactors

➥


A hoist on the 4555 Reactor will lift thehead and cylinder from the heater andtransfer these parts to support openingsin the reactor stand.

5 Gallon Reactor VesselIndicates specifications that change within models

Model Number 4555 4556


2StirredReactors

Series 4555

Sizes, Gallon (Liter) 5 (18.5) 2.6 (10)




Vessel Style Removable Head








Range, psi (bar) 0-2000 (140)*



Style Serpentine


Heater Style Ceramic

Heater Power Watts 7550

Stirrer Motor, hp, type .50 V.S.

Electrical Supply

Volts 230-1P or 400/415-3P

Maximum Load, amps, 230/440 1P=50, 3P=15/leg

Vessel Dimensions

Inside Diameter, inches 9.5 7.75



Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches 60

Depth, inches 24

Height, inches 96

Weight, pounds 1000 900

Spare Parts Kit 4559PCM

* Other options available. See Options Section and Ordering Guide➥


Series 4555 Options

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page


Custom Options

Stirrers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69External Valves & Fittings. . . . . . 83Solids Charging Ports . . . . . . . . . 77Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Electrical Leads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Catalyst Addition Devices. . . . . . 76Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-81Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Explosion Proof Options . . . . 64-65

Accessories


5 Gallon Reactor with Head Removed

5 Gallon Reactor with Cylinder in Lifting Bridle

2StirredReactors

Series 4555Options

➥➥


A. B. C. D. E. F.


N o . 4 5 5 5 — T — H D — S S — 2 3 0 — V S . 5 0 — e t c . . .

A composite identificationnumber to be used whenordering a reactor can bedeveloped by combining individual symbols from theseparate sections.

EXAMPLEA 5 Gallon, T316SS reactor with a heavy duty magnetic drive,

230 volt 1/2 hp electric motor, 2000 psi pressure gage, serpentine cooling coil, manual bottom drain valve, ceramic three-zone heater,electric hoist, 3:1 gear ratio, PID controller with tachometer, pressuredisplay module and high temperature cutoff module would be listed as:

No. 4555-T-HD-SS-230-VS.50-2000-SC-BDV-C3-EH-3D-4842-TDM-PDM-HTM

Model Gasket MaterialStirrer Voltage Motor

B. GASKET/MAXIMUM TEMP.–T 350˚ C

C. STIRRER DRIVE–HD Heavy Duty Magnetic–XHD Extra Heavy Duty Magn.

D. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy C-276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702

E. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY–230 230 Volt, 50/60 Hz–400 400/415 Volt, 3-phase

F. MOTOR OPTION–VS .50 Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–XP .50 Explosion Proof

Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–AM .50 Air Motor, 1/2 hp


H. INTERNAL COOLING COILNo Symbol No Coil–SC Serpentine Coil

I. BOTTOM DRAIN VALVENo Symbol No Bottom Drain–BDV Bottom Drain–ABDV Air Operated Valve

J. HEATER OPTIONS–C3 Ceramic, 3-zone–CA1 Cast Aluminum, 1-zone–CA3 Cast Aluminum, 3-zone–SJ Steam Jacket

K. HEAD LIFT MECHANISM–EH Electric Hoist (115V)–MH Manual Hoist

L. STIRRER DRIVE GEAR RATIOS–DD Direct Drive–3D 3:1–5D 5:1–10D 10:1

M. TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER–4842 PID Control–4843 Programable Control–4861 Process Controller–4862 Expanded Process Controller

N. CONTROL OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)–TDM* Tachometer Display Module–PDM* Pressure Display Module–HTM* High Temperature Cut-off Module–AMM* Ammeter Display Module–*(A) Add to above for Analog Output


O. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

P. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–P Parr Certification

A. BASE

Model No. Size Vessel Style4555 5 Gallon Removable4556 10 Liter Removable

2StirredReactors


➥


P arr offers a number ofdifferent reactors in the4570 and 4580 Series in

different sizes and with differentmountings for operating pres-sures to 5000 psi (350 bar) andtemperatures to 500˚ C.

• 4571 - 4572 Reactors.These are 1000 and 1800 mLfloor stand reactors with thevalves mounted on the head ofthe reactor in the conventionalParr manner.

• 4573 - 4574 Reactors.These are 1000 and 1800 mLfloor stand reactors with thevalves mounted on the floorstand and the primary inletsand outlets connected throughthe vessel body. This willminimize the number of connec-tions that must be disruptedwhen the head is removed.

• 4575 - 4576 Reactors.These are 500 and 250 mLbench top reactors with 5000 psi(345 bar) and 500˚ C ratings.

• 4581 - 4582 Reactors.These are 1 gallon (3.75 L) and1-1/2 gallon (5.5 L) floor standreactors designed for 3000 psi

(207 bar) maximum pressurewith a 500˚ C maximum workingtemperature.

All of these reactors havebeen designed with suitablevalves, fittings and modifica-tions to the vessel itself to operate at the higher temp-erature and pressure ratings. Flat, flexible graphite (FG)

gaskets are used for tempera-tures in the higher range to 500˚ C. These can be replacedwith PTFE gaskets for procedures in which the temperature will not exceed 350˚ C. All floor stand modelsuse ceramic heaters to achievehigher temperatures.

4571 Floor Stand Reactor, High Temperature/High Pressure, 1000 mL, Head Mounted Valves, with 4842 Temperature Controller

Series 4570-4580 High Temperature/High Pressure Reactors

Series Number:4570-4580

Type: High Temperature & High Pressure Reactors

Vessel: Removable

Sizes: 250 mL - 1.5 Gallon

Maximum Operating Pressure4570 5000 psi (350 bar)4580 3000 psi (200 bar)

Maximum Operating Temperature500˚ C w/ FG Flat Gasket

2StirredReactors

➥



Model Number 4571 4572 4573 4574 4575 4576 4581 4582

Series 4570-4580 HT/HP Reactor Specifications

2StirredReactors

Series 4570-4580

Sizes, mL 1000 1800 1000 1800 500 250 3750 5500

Maximum Pressure, psi (bar) 0-5000 (350) 3000 (200)


with FG Flat Gasket 500

Vessel Style Removable

Reactor Mounting Floor Stand Bench Top Floor Stand

Closure (Cap Screws) Split-Ring (12) Split-ring (8)

Valves Mounted Head Remote Head

Valve Connections, NPT 1/4” Female

Magnetic Stirrer, Model No. A1120HC* A1120HC* A1180HC*

Maximum Torque, Inch-Pounds 16 60



Range, psi (bar) 0-10000 (700) 0-5000 (350)


Cooling Coil Included

Style Serpentine Single Loop Serpentine

Bottom Drain Valve A177VB None A177VB

Heater Style Ceramic Calrod Ceramic

Heater Power Watts 2250 2500 2250 2500 1500 1500 3000 3500

Stirrer Motor, hp, type 0.25 V.S.* 1/8 V.S. 0.50 V.S.

Electrical Supply

Volts 230 115 or 230 230

Maximum Load, amps, 115/230 13 13 13 13 15/8 15/8 15 18

Vessel Dimensions

Inside Diameter, inches 3.75 2.5 5.5

Depth, inches 6.1 10.5 6.1 10.5 6.6 3.2 9.7 15

Weight of Vessel, pounds 70 85 70 85 35 29 100 130

Reactor Dimensions

Width, inches 35 15.5 35

Depth, inches 18 15.5 18

Height, inches 27 31 35 27 31 27 31 35

Weight, pounds 245 265 245 265 125 120 325 355

Spare Parts Kit 4579B 4579D 4589B


➥


Series 4570-4580 Options

4582 High Temperature/High Pressure Reactor, 1-1/2 Gallon

500 mL Vessel Assembly for 4575 Reactor

INDEX TO OPTIONS

Option Page


Custom Options

Stirrers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69External Valves & Fittings. . . . . . 83Solids Charging Ports . . . . . . . . . 77Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Electrical Leads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Catalyst Addition Devices. . . . . . 76Catalyst Baskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Gear Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Explosion Proof Options . . . . 64-65

Accessories


4575 High Temperature/High Pressure Reactor,500 mL, with 4842 Temperature Controller

4573 Floor Stand High Temperature/HighPressure Reactor, Remote Mounted Valves, with 4842 Temperature Controller

2StirredReactors

Series 4570-4580Options

➥➥

61

A. B. C. D. E. F.

Series 4570-4580 Ordering Guide

B. GASKET MAXIMUM TEMP.–G 500˚ C–T 350˚ C

C. STIRRER DRIVE–GP General Purpose

Magnetic (4571-4576)

–HD Heavy Duty Magnetic(4571-4574, 4581-4582)

–XHD Extra Heavy Duty Magnetic

D. MATERIALS OF CONTRUCTION–SS T316 Stainless Steel–MO Alloy 400–IN Alloy 600–HB Alloy B-2–HC Alloy 276–HC2 Hastelloy C-2000–CS Alloy 20 Cb–TI2 Titanium Grade 2–TI4 Titanium Grade 4–NI Nickel 200–ZI Zirconium 702-705


F. MOTOR OPTION–VS .12* Variable Speed, 1/8 hp–VS .25 Variable Speed, 1/4 hp–VS .50 Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–XP .25 Explosion Proof


Variable Speed, 1/2 hp–AM .12* Air Motor, 1/8 hp–AM .50 Air Motor, 1/2 hp* Model 4575 & 76 Only

G. PRESSURE GAGE–2000 2000 psi/140 bar–3000 3000 psi/207 bar–5000 5000 psi/340 bar–10000 10000 psi/690 bar

H. INTERNAL COOLING COIL–No Symbol No Coil–SC Serpentine Coil

I. BOTTOM DRAIN VALVE–No Symbol No Bottom Drain–BDV Drain Installed (NA-4575/76)




L. CUSTOM OPTIONS (LIST ALL DESIRED)Anchor StirrerCatalyst BasketCatalyst Addition DeviceCondenserBafflesGas Entrainment Stirrer

M. CERTIFICATIONNo Symbol No Certification–ASME ASME Certification–TUV TUV Certification–CE European Community Cert.–P Parr Certification

N o . 4 5 7 4 — G — H D — S S — 2 3 0 — V S . 2 5 — e t c . . .

A. BASE

Model No. Size Vessel Style Stirrer Drive4571 1000 mL On Head Floor Stand4572 1800 mL On Head Floor Stand4573 1000 mL Remote Floor Stand4574 1800 mL Remote Floor Stand4575 500 mL On Head Bench Top4576 250 mL On Head Bench Top4581 1 Gallon On Head Floor Stand4582 1.5 Gallon On Head Floor Stand

A composite identificationnumber to be used whenordering a reactor can bedeveloped by combining indi-vidual symbols from theseparate sections.

EXAMPLEAn 1800 mL, T316SS, reactor with remote mounted valves,

heavy duty magnetic drive, 230 volt 1/4 hp variable speedmotor, 5000 psi gage, serpentine cooling coil, PID controllerwith tachometer, pressure display module and high temper-ature cutoff module would be listed as:

No. 4574-G-HD-SS-230-VS.25-5000-SC-4842-TDM-PDM-HTM

Model Gasket Stirrer Material Electical Motor

2StirredReactors

Series 4570-4580 Ordering Guide

➥


Custom Built Polymerization Reactor with Liquid andGas Feeds, Measurement Systems, Circulating BathTemperature Control, and Polymer Recovery Filter

Catalyst Preparation with Liquid and Gas Feeds, Measurement Systems, and Circulating Bath Control System

2StirredReactors

Custom Products

OptionalFittings

3OptionalFittings

Explosion Proof Apparatus

Stirring Motors and Drives

Heater Options

Stirrer Options

Gas Entrainment Impellers

Catalyst Baskets

Condensers

Safety Rupture Discs

Pressure Gages

Pressure Relief Valves

Cooling Coils

High Pressure Burettes

Liquid Charging Systems

Solids Charging Systems

Bottom Drain Valves

Cylinder Liners

Pressure Hose and Tubing

Safety Check Valves

Windows

Insulated Electrical Leads

Temperature Limits & Extreme Temperature Systems

External Valves, Gages and Fittings

Spare Parts Kits

Laboratory Reaction Systems

64 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Optional Fittings

Explosion Proof Apparatus

All Parr reactors are normally equipped with

open type, variablespeed motors, electric heatersand controllers intended for usein non-hazardous environments.These standard units can be usedin most laboratories withoutundue hazard, but there will besituations where the installedequipment must be consideredexplosion proof. Parr offersvarious optional stirrer drives andheating systems to meet thesestrict requirements.

USA andCanadian Codes

Designing electrical equipmentto be operated in hazardouslocation is a complex subject,governed by extensive nationalelectrical codes and supple-mented by local regulationswhich require that all electricalequipment installed in agoverned location must beapproved for use with the specificgas, vapor or dust that will bepresent in that location. USA andCanadian electrical codes classifyhazardous locations according tothe nature and concentration ofspecific hazardous or flammablematerials. These are divided intothree classes:

Class I - Flammable liquids,gases or vapors.

Class II - Combustible or elec-trically conductive dusts.

Class III - Easily ignitablefibers or flying particles.

There are two divisions withineach of these classes.

Division 1 - Where the flam-mable material exists in theatmosphere under normal oper-ating conditions.

Division 2 - Where thehazardous material is confinedwithin a closed system fromwhich it may be released onlyunder abnormal conditions, suchas a leak in the system.

Class I locations are furthersubdivided into four groups, A, B,C and D which identify specificexplosive gases and vapors.Explosive dusts and fibers inClass II are subdivided intoGroups E, F and G. Mosthazardous applications for Parr

apparatus will occur in atmos-pheres identified by Class I,Group A for acetylene, Group Bfor hydrogen and Groups C and D for most other combustiblegases and vapors. Class II, GroupF covers coal dust. Most othercombustible dusts, such as flourand grain, are in Group G.Minimum ignition temperaturesand energy levels are establishedfor specific materials in eachgroup.

The European Community,International ElectromechanicalCommission (IEC) has corre-sponding classifications forhazardous locations. Parr willwork with all users to provideequipment compatible with theirown local codes.

The several components inParr reactor systems which maybe considered hazardous, and thesteps that can be taken to reduceor eliminate the hazards theyrepresent, are described below.

Explosion ProofMotors

Because of sparking frombrush contacts, electric motorsclearly represent the principalexplosion hazard introduced by astirred reactor. Electric motorsapproved for Class I, Groups Cand D, and Class II, Groups F andG atmospheres are readilyavailable in most sizes andvoltages. These sealed motorsare suitable for most hazardousapplications, and they are some-times used with hydrogen, butthey are not approved for Class Batmospheres. To meet Class Brequirements, a motor

Explosion Proof, Aluminum Block Heateron a Bench Top Reactor

3OptionalFittings

➥

65Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Optional Fittings

must be purged by building up apositive pressure of air within themotor to prevent explosive gasesor vapors from reaching electricalignition sources. This requires aspecial, air purged motor whichcan be provided when required.

An alternate method of dealingwith the explosion hazard is touse an air driven motor. Theseare powered by compressed airand offer a convenient and satis-factory drive system for use inflammable atmospheres,including hydrogen. They areavailable in sizes suitable formost Parr reactors.

Explosion ProofHeaters

The easiest way to provide anexplosion proof heater is to use asteam or hot oil jacket and ensurethat the highest temperature thatcan be reached in the jacket iswell below the minimum ignitiontemperature for the specifichazardous atmosphere in which itwill be installed. An aluminumblock heater can be consideredexplosion proof if it hasexplosion proof wiring, and if it isoperated with an auxiliarycontroller that will hold thesurface temperature below a safemaximum. Electric heaterspurged with clean air can also beconsidered explosion proof, but itis doubtful that seals can bemaintained in a purged heater toprovide true protection over along period of time.

Please see page 69 for additional information onheater selection.

Explosion ProofWiring

In an explosion proof system,all electric wiring with significantvoltage or current carrying capa-bility must be routed in approvedsealed conduit or in speciallysealed flexible cables. All termi-nations and switches must becontained in approved boxes or housing. The user must provideall local wiring and connectionsto a power supply, and mustensure that the installation meets all requirements of the local electrical code.

Certain sensors, such as ther-mocouples, pressure transducersand tachometer pickups carrysuch low electric loads that theyare a potential ignition sourceonly in the event of a most unusual failure. In many installations these low hazardcomponents are not seen as aproblem. They can, however, beprotected with isolation barrierswhich will make them intrinsicallysafe even in an unusual failure.

These energy limiting electronicbarriers can be provided whererequired.

Explosion ProofControllers

The most commonly usedmethod for dealing with theignition hazard introduced by atemperature or process controlleris simply to locate the controlleroutside of the hazardous atmos-phere. Another choice is to installthe controller in a cabinet whichcan be purged with clean airwithin the hazardous location.

Special SystemsParr can furnish systems

approved for use in hazardouslocations up through Class I,Division 1, Group B in whichspecific hazardous gases will bepresent. Each of these formallyapproved systems must bedesigned and built on a custombasis, with all current carryingwiring and fittings installed inaccordance with the require-ments discussed above.

3OptionalFittings

Air Motor on a Bench Top Reactor

➥


Stirring Motors and Drives

Torque vs.Stirring Speed

The standard, open-type, variable speed motor installed on each Parr reactor will produce stirring speeds from zero tobetween 700 and 800 rpm with atorque adequate to drive theinstalled impellers in averageviscosity mixtures. Higher horse-power motors and special stirrerscan be provided for higherviscosities, and drive pulleys canbe changed to produce higherstirring speeds, but several basic rules must be consideredwhen changing any of thesecomponents.

The highest torque from anymotor is obtained at lower stirringspeeds. Increasing the stirringspeed reduces the torque ininverse proportion to the speed.

For operations involving highviscosity mixtures, the motorsize, the type of impeller and thestirring speed must be matchedto provide an effective mixingsystem.

As a general rule, the magneticcoupling installed on each Parrreactor will have a torque ratingconsiderably higher than thetorque obtainable from any of themotors offered for use with thatapparatus, thus the magneticdrive should be able to handleany of the optional motor/stirrercombinations.

Explosion ProofMotors

Explosion proof motors withvariable speed control can befurnished for any Parr reactor.

Stirrer Drive MotorsStandard Pulley Optional Pulley

Motor HP Explosion Variable Max Speed Max Torque Max Speed Max TorqueDesignation Rating Proof Speed RPM in-lb RPM in-lb

-VS.12 1/8 No Yes 700 11 1800 4-XP.25 1/4 Yes Yes 700 22 1800 9-AM.12 1/8 Yes Yes 1000 10 2500 15-VS.25 1/4 No Yes 700 22 1800 9-VS.50 1/2 No Yes 700 45 1800 18-XP.50 1/2 Yes Yes 700 45 1800 18-AM.50 1/2 Yes Yes 1000 40 2500 30-VS.75 3/4 No Yes 700 68 1800 26-XP.75 3/4 Yes Yes 700 68 1800 26Note: Some motor combinations may deliver more torque than a specific magnetic drive can transmit. Check for match. VS = variable speed, XP = explosion proof, AM = air motor1 in-lb = 0.11 Nm1 hp = 0.75 Kw

Air MotorsAir -driven motors can be

installed on any reactor, offeringan attractive option for manyapplications since they provideboth speed adjustment and meetexplosion-proof requirements aswell. The horsepower rating,torque, and available speed areall dependent upon the pressureand available volume of thedriving air source. Maximumtorques are delivered at relativelyslow speeds and maximumhorsepower is delivered at high speed.

3OptionalFittings

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Geared Drive Motor with Cover Removed

5 Gallon Reactor with Direct Drive, Variable Speed Motor

Geared, DirectDrive Motors

A geared, direct drive motorcan be installed on most floorstand reactors. This is anattractive arrangement forhandling heavy stirring loads.Any 1/4 hp or larger, variablespeed standard or explosionproof motor can be used. Gearbox drives are available withratios of 3:1, 5:1 and 10:1. The1800 rpm maximum speed willbe reduced in an amount deter-mined by the reduction ratio ofthe gear box, and the associatedtorque values from the table willbe increased in the same ratio.

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Heater Options

Parr has designed standard electrical heaters for all of

the reactors in our productline. Different types of heaters areused for individual reactors tobest meet the operational needs,heating load, and expected oper-ating temperatures. The standardheater type and power rating foreach reactor model are listed inthe reactor specification tables.

The standard designs will beone of the following:

Clamp-on Band Heater.These are normally used for verysmall reactors where maximumwatt densities and heat transferare required by the small heatingarea available on the vessel.

Rigid Heating Mantles.These are quartz fabric mantleshoused in aluminum shells. Theyare used on moderate sizedreactors in designs where theheater can be moved onto or offof the vessel. They are lightweight and easy to handle, butthey are not used to support theweight of the vessel and they aregenerally limited to operatingtemperatures of 350˚ C or less.

Calrod-Type SheathedElement Heaters. These arerugged heaters with Calrod-typeelements held within a metalshell. They are used for mediumto large reactors for operatingtemperatures to 350˚ C, where theheater itself forms a part of thereactor support.

Ceramic Heaters. These are special purpose heaters withan electric element embedded in a shaped ceramic body which isheld within an insulated metalhousing. They are used for reactors designed for tempera-tures to 600˚ C and for very large multizone heaters.

Optional and CustomHeaters. Parr offers a variety ofheater designs which can be substituted for the standardheater normally furnished witheach reactor. Most of these canalso be used with Parr non-stirredpressure vessels as well. Theprincipal features and recom-mended applications for theseheaters are described below.

Flexible HeatingMantles

Flexible heating mantles canbe furnished for many differentapplications. These are similar tothe rigid type described aboveexcept they are not held in analuminum housing. They have aflexible fabric outer case for elec-trical and thermal insulation. Thistype of mantle is particularlyuseful for heating vessels withirregular shapes, such as thosewith windows in the cylinderwall, since they are flexible andcan be split and laced onto avessel around any externalprotrusion. As with rigid mantles,they will produce temperaturesup to 400˚ C, but they are limitedto watt densities of 10 watts persquare inch. This type of heatercan be made to cover any of thevessels offered by Parr, and theyare sometimes preferred whenonly moderate temperatures arerequired. Since they areconstructed of cloth, an electricalground wire cannot be provided.Note: These heaters are not CE approved

Aluminum BlockHeaters

Aluminum block heaters areavailable on special order fornearly all Parr reactors andpressure vessels. They are madeby casting a Calrod-type heatingelement into an aluminum jacketwhich is designed and machinedto fit the outside contours of thevessel to be heated. The heater is cast in two halves which arebolted together and clampedonto the vessel,resulting in

Flexible Heating Mantle for 2000 mLReactor with Windows

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direct contact and excellent heattransfer from the aluminum blockto the vessel. A cooling coil iscast into the block and usedeither for cooling with cold wateror heating with steam or otherliquid.

Aluminum block heaters havethree distinct features whichrecommend them for many applications:

(1) Since there is no deadspace within these heaters,explosive vapors cannot reachthe heating element and theheater can be consideredexplosion proof, provided it isequipped with explosion proofwiring and a safety cut-out toensure that the heater will not exceed a specified temper-ature limit.

(2) With heat spread uniformlythroughout the aluminum block,uniform heating is applied to allsurfaces of the vessel, similar tothe uniform heating and rapidresponse obtained with a steam

or hot oil jacket, but withoutrequiring costly steam gener-ators, oil baths, circulating pumpsand other accessory equipment.

(3) Since there is a cooling coilin the aluminum block, a blockheater can also provide externalcooling for controlling anexothermic reaction without theinternal clutter and cleaningproblems associated with internalcooling coils. Eliminating aninternal coil also permits the useof spiral, anchor or other stirrerswhich cannot be used with aninternal coil.

Steam or OilJackets

A jacket can be welded to theouter wall of most Parr pressurevessels to provide a means forheating or cooling the vessel with a hot or cold liquid or steam. This type of heating is ideal for users who want

to duplicate plant operatingconditions, using a jacketedreactor comparable to jacketedequipment commonly used in aplant. Since there are no elec-trical components in a steamjacket, and since the maximumtemperature can be controlled bycontrolling the temperature of theheating medium, a jacketedvessel will be accepted asexplosion proof and suitable foruse in hazardous atmospheres.Rapid and uniform heating canbe attained with a jacketed vesselsince the heating medium is indirect contact with the vessel.And by controlling the temperature of the heating medium, temperature overshootscan be avoided when workingwith sensitive materials. Jacketscan be equipped with internal baffles to ensure uniform distribution of the heating medium.

Aluminum Block Electric Heater withBuilt-in Cooling Coil

External Circulating Jacket on 1000 mL Reactor

External Circulating Jacket on 2000 mL Reactor

3OptionalFittings

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Stirrer Options

Turbine TypeImpellers

The standard impellers for Parrreactors are usually equippedwith turbine type impellers whichproduce an excellent mixingaction over the range of stirringspeeds at which these reactorsusually operate. These impellersare made in four-blade and six-blade styles, with the smallerfour-blade impellers used only onMicro and Mini Reactors. Theycan be positioned any where onthe stirring shaft, with oneimpeller usually located near thebottom of the vessel and asecond impeller positioned nearthe base of the vortex. Impellersand shafts are furnished in thesame materials as the reactor inwhich they will be used. Theseimpellers generally provideexcellent mixing for systems witheffective viscosities up to approx-imately 50,000 centipoise.

Anchor StirrersAnchor stirrers are available in

several configurations for usewith moderate to high viscositymaterials. This type of stirrerusually works best in vessels withan inside depth to diameter ratioof 1.5 to 1 or less. They areintended to operate at relativelyslow speeds and generallyrequire a heavy duty drivesystem capable of generating

and delivering sufficient torque to the agitator. Three basic typesare offered:

1. A U-shaped, flat bar anchor.2. A flat blade, paddle type

anchor.3. A three-arm, self centering

anchor with PTFE wiper blades.All of these designs may not

be appropriate or available foreach reactor size. Please contactthe Parr Technical ServiceDepartment for assistance inselecting an anchor stirrersuitable for the intended oper-ating volume and viscosities.

Spiral StirrersSpiral stirrers can be installed

in any 1 liter, 2 liter or 1 gallonreactor to produce a positivedown thrust (or lift) action whenworking with viscous polymers orother high viscosity mixtures.They work best in floor standreactors with adjustable speed,heavy duty drive systems. Eitherleft-hand (down thrust) or right-hand (lift type) spirals areavailable. The down thrust spiralis the preferred style for heavysuspensions.

Turbine Type Impeller Anchor Stirrer Spiral Agitator

Gas EntrainmentImpeller

Paddle Type Impeller

Anchor Type Impeller with Wiper Blades

3OptionalFittings


New StirrerDesign

Parr is pleased to introduce anew series of gas entrainmentimpellers for users who want toobtain maximum gas dispersioninto a liquid system. This isobtained with a unique impellerattached to a hollow stirring shaftthrough which gases are continu-ously recirculated from the headspace above the liquid to theimpeller. Gas enters openingsnear the top of the shaft and isexpelled through dispersion portslocated at the tips of theimpellers. As with all impellers,the speed of the stirrer creates avacuum at the tip of the impeller.In this new Parr system withdispersion ports located at thevery tips of the impellers, thehigher the stirring speed – thehigher the vacuum – and thehigher the driving force for thisvery effective gas dispersionsystem.

These impellers are offered as a complete package whichincludes the impeller, the hollowshaft with coupling, and anyrequired foot bearings andbrackets for the intendedreaction. The baffles are aseparate option which must beordered separately.

Since these gas entrainmentimpellers operate best in the 800 - 1200 rpm range, users willwant to ensure that their stirrerdrive system is set up to deliverthese operating speeds.

Baffles HelpBecause it is the relative speed

of the tip of the impeller to theliquid phase that governs themass transfer, baffles whichimpede the rotation of the liquidwith the impeller can greatlyenhance the operation of thesegas entrainment impellers. While

Gas Entrainment

Gas Entrainment Impellers & Baffle SetsReactor Model No. Volume mL Impeller Part No. Baffle Set Part No.4561 300 A2042HC A2043HC4562 450 A2042HC2 A2043HC24563 600 A2042HC3 A2043HC34564 160 A2042HC4 NA4565 100 A2042HC4 NA4566 300 A2042HC5 A2043HC4567 450 A2042HC6 A2043HC24568 600 A2042HC7 A2043HC34566B 160 A2042HC8 NA4566C 100 A2042HC8 NA4521/31 1000 A2044HC A2045HC4522/32 2000 A2044HC2 A2045HC24544 1000 A2046HC A2045HC4546 2000 A2046HC2 A2045HC24551 3750 A2048HC A2049HC4552 7500 A2048HC2 A2049HC24555 18750 A2110HC A2111HC4571/73* 1000 A2050HC* A2045HC4572/74* 1800 A2050HC2* A2045HC24575 500 A2052HC A2043HC24581 3750 A2054HC A2055HC4582 5600 A2054HC2 A2049HC2* Please specify magnetic drive size.

some natural baffling is providedby the internal thermowell, diptube and cooling coils, theremovable baffles listed in thetable are recommended for usewith these impellers. Theseremovable baffles may also bebeneficial with the more tradi-tional turbine type impellers forcertain applications.

3OptionalFittings


Catalyst baskets can be provided for holding a

supported catalyst so thatit will not be destroyed orchanged by the stirring action ofthe impeller. These can beinstalled in reactors with volumesranging from 300 to 2000 mL. Two interchangeable styles are available.

The StaticDesign

In the static design the meshbasket holding the catalystremains stationary whileimpellers on the stirring shaft andbaffles outside of the basketdirect the flow of reactants overthe surface of the containedcatalyst. A unique gasentrainment impeller provides auniform flow of both gas andliquid over the fixed catalyst bedheld within the annular basket.The Parr design for these basketsincludes a rigid bottom supportwhich permits high speed stirringwithout excessive vibration.Cooling coils, internal temper-ature measurements and liquidand gas sampling operations canbe continued as usual without interference from the installed catalyst basket.

The DynamicDesign

In the dynamic design the catalyst is held in an annularshaped, mesh basket which isattached to the stirrer drive inplace of the stirring shaft. Therotating basket then serves as animpeller for stirring the reactants.Fixed baffles and coaxialimpellers ensure good circulationover the surface of the containedcatalyst. The dynamic baskets are available for reactors withvolumes of 1000, 1800 and 2000 mL. Dynamic baskets mustbe installed in reactors equippedwith at least 1/4 hp motors toensure that sufficient stirrertorque and speeds are availablefor proper operation. Dynamicbaskets are interchangeable with static baskets in 1 liter andlarger vessels.

Catalyst Basket AssembliesReactor Volume Style Catalyst Basket

Volume CC Catalog No.4561 300 Static 40 A2026HC*4562 450 Static 40 A2026HC24563 600 Static 40 A2026HC34566 300 Static 40 A2026HC44567 450 Static 40 A2026HC54568 600 Static 40 A2026HC64521/31 1000 Static 150 A2037HC4521/31 1000 Dynamic 150 A2038HC4522/32** 2000 Static 150 A2037HC24522/32** 2000 Dynamic 150 A2038HC24544 600 Static — A2310HC4545 600 Static — —4546 1200 Static — A2310HC24547 1200 Static — —4548 1200 Static — —4571/73 1000 Static 150 A2039HC4571/73 1000 Dynamic 150 A2040HC4572/74** 1800 Static 150 A2039HC24572/74** 1800 Dynamic 150 A2040HC24575 500 Static 50 A2041HC

* May require special inlet tube.

** These baskets operate in the lower third of thereactors only. They are the same baskets as the 1000 mLversions but with a longer stirrer shaft.

Catalyst BasketStatic Design

Catalyst Baskets

Catalyst Basket Dynamic Design

3OptionalFittings

Catalyst Basket Static Designwith Uniflow Stirrer


Parr offers two styles of condensers for

attachment to the head of a stirred reactor or pressurevessel. These can be made invarious sizes to match the size of the reactor.

Straight RefluxCondenser

The standard reflux condenserconsists of a length of tubingconnected directly to the head ofa vessel and equipped with awater cooling jacket. Condensedvapors are returned directly tothe vessel and any noncon-densable gases can be releasedthrough a needle valve at the topof the condenser. A spiral woundinner packing in the condenserensures maximum effectivenessin a rather short length.

Reflux/Take-OffCondensers

The standard reflux/take-offcondensers consist of a waterjacketed tube, the same asdescribed above, assembled witha receiving vessel attached to thelower end of the condenser. Anyvapor, such as water from a polymerization reaction, can becondensed and collected in thereceiver, from which it can bewithdrawn from a bottom valve.Any noncondensable gases can be released through a needlevalve at the top of the condenser.If condensate collection is notrequired, the receiver can beremoved and the condenser canbe mounted directly above thereactor for direct reflux into thevessel.

Possible modifications of these basic designs include large opening ball valves, quickdisconnect fittings and otherunique features. In all cases, asuitable opening for the

condenser must be provided inthe head of the reactor to permit unrestricted reflux action.Receiving vessels are available in different capacities.

Condensers

CondensersInner Tube Standard

Reactor Style Note Diameter Receiver mL Part No.4560 Reflux/Take-off Mod. Gage Opening 1/4” NPT 1/4” 150 A2011HC4560 Reflux Mod. Gage Opening 1/4” NPT 1/4” A2012HC4560 Reflux/Take-off Mod. Cool Coil Opening 1/4” NPT 1/4” 300 A2013HC4560 Reflux Mod. Cool Coil Opening 1/4” NPT 1/4” A2014HC4520-4550 Reflux/Take-off 3/8” NPT 3/8” 300 A2001HC4520-4550 Reflux 3/8” NPT 3/8” A2002HC4530HD Reflux/Take-Off 3/8” NPT 3/8” 300 A2003HC4530HD Reflux 3/8” NPT 3/8” A2004HC4570-4580 Reflux/Take-off 3/8” NPT 3/8” 300 A2016HC4570-4580 Reflux 3/8” NPT 3/8” A2017HC4555 Reflux/Take-off 1/2” NPT 3/4” 1000 A2018HC4555 Reflux 1/2” NPT 3/4” A2019HC

Straight Reflux Condenser

Reflux Take-OffCondenser

Condenser with Receiveron 1 Gallon Reactor

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Spring-loaded relief valvesshould be viewed assupplements and not

substitutes for a safety rupturedisc as the primary meansprotecting the vessel and theoperator in case of accidentalover-pressure. Spring loadedrelief valves can be added to areactor or vessel to:

• Relieve pressures near theoperating pressure.

• Reseal once excess pressurehas been relieved.

• Protect low pressure compo-nents at pressures belowavailable rupture disc ranges.

The relief valves listed belowcan be installed on any Parrvessel. These valves are stainlesssteel. Other valves are availableon special order.

Relief ValvesPart Relief Pressure DischargeNo. Range psi ConnectionA140VB2PA 50-150 NoneA140VB2PB 150-350 NoneA140VB2PC 350-600 NoneA175VB 750-1500 1/4” NPTFA175VB2 1500-2250 1/4” NPTFA175VB3 2250-3000 1/4” NPTFA175VB4 3000-4000 1/4” NPTF


Safety Rupture DiscsPressure Relief Valves

T he safety rupture discs in all Parrreactors and pressure vessels aremade of Alloy 600 unless a

different material is specified. Alloy 600is the preferred material for thispurpose because its burst pressure isnot significantly effected by the oper-ating temperature, and its broadcorrosion resistance. Although thesediscs will resist many chemical vapors,they will be attacked to varying degreesby strong mineral acids, strong organicacids and wet halogens. Additionalprotection can be secured by using agold-faced disc. Discs made of othermaterials can be furnished on specialorder. The rupture disc installed on anyParr vessel should not be subjected topressures beyond approximately 70percent of its rating during normal oper-ations. If stressed beyond this point, thedisc may weaken and fail. For reactorsthat must be operated up to their fulldesign pressure, Parr offers scoredrupture discs which can be usedrepeatedly to 90 percent of theirdesigned burst pressure. These discsare available on special order and aresignificantly more expensive than thestandard discs.

All Parr reactors and pressure vesselsin small sizes up to and including 2 liters use 1/2 inch diameter rupturediscs in assemblies having a 1/4 inchdiameter orifice. 1 gallon and largervessels use a 15/16 inch diameterrupture disc in assemblies having a

1/2 inch diameter orifice.Users are invited to contact the Parr

Technical Support Staff with anyrequirements for special rupture discsand are reminded that rupture discs forParr equipment must be matched to therange of the pressure gage, and mustcarry a rating higher than the intendedmaximum working pressure.

In general, the 1000 psi shown forthe 1/4 inch orifice and the 600 psishown for the 1/2 inch orifice are theminimum burst pressures availablewithout going to more temperaturesensitive and less corrosion resistantmaterials of construction. When gagesare installed on one of these reactorswith ranges below these values, Parrwill install a spring-loaded relief valveto protect the gage in addition to therupture disc which is the primary safetydevice for the vessel.

Rupture Discs for 1/4” Orifice

Burst Inconel Gold-FacedRating psig Disc No. Inconel Disc1000 526HCPD 581HCPD2000 526HCPF 581HCPF3000 526HCPG 581HCPG5000 526HCPH 581HCPH8000 526HCPJ 581HCPJ12000 526HCPL 581HCPL

Rupture Discs for 1/2” Orifice

Burst Rating psig Inconel Disc No.600 708HCP6CT1000 708HCP10CT1500 708HCP15CT2000 708HCP20CT3000 708HCP30CT3000 1415HCP30CT4500 1415HCP45CT

A525HC Safety Head Used in Parr 1 and 2 Liter Reactors

A140VB2

A175VB

288VBAD CompressionNut

Rupture Disc

Orifice Ring

Nose Cone

A525HC

3OptionalFittings


Internal cooling coils areavailable for all but thesmallest Parr reactors. These

coils provide an extremelyeffective means of removing heatfrom the vessel to control anexothermic reaction or forcooling the reactor at the end of atest. Since heat is transferredthrough the relatively thin wall ofthe coil instead of the thick wallof the vessel, cooling rates aregenerally much faster thanheating rates; particularly attemperatures above 80˚ C. Wateris normally used as the coolingmedium although compressed air can be used for modestcooling loads.

Cooling coils are offered inthree standard configurations:

Single Loop - Single loopcoils consist of the vertical runsof tubing formed into a “hairpin”shape. These are normallyinstalled on small reactors withminimum space available.

Serpentine Coils -Serpentine coils consist of six toeight vertical runs of tubinguniformly spaced around the

circumference of the vessel.These coils provide reasonablesurface area, minimum inter-ference with stirring patterns with a reasonable amount ofbaffling and ease of cleaning and maintenance.

Spiral Coils - Spiral coilsconsist of multiple loops woundjust inside the inside diameter ofthe vessel. They are normallyavailable only for the 4 and 6 inch ID vessels although othersizes have been built on specialorder. They do maximize thecooling area available, but some-times at the expense of uniformstirring and ease of cleaning.

The individual reactor specifi-cations will indicate the style ofcoil or coils available for eachreactor. On some reactors thecoils are included as standardwhile on some reactors they are optional.

Cooling coils are available inthe same choice of materials asthe reactor bodies themselves. All cooling coils are removable.Plugs are available to close theopenings in the head and in most

cases these openingscan be convertedto additionalinlets/outlets ifcooling is notrequired.

Cooling Coils

Pressure Gages

Gages for Parr pressure vessels can befurnished with either 3-1/2 inch or 4-1/2 inch dials in any of the ranges

shown in the table below. All have stainlesssteel Bourdon tubes and 1/4 inch NPT male tips.Alloy 400 gages are available on special order.Accuracy is 1/2 percent for the 4-1/2 inch sizeand 1 percent for the 3-1/2 inch gages. All arecalibrated in both pounds per square inch (psi)and bars. Gages in Pascal units are available onspecial order. Compound gages which showvacuum to 30 inches of Mercury and positivepressures to 300 psi/20 bar are also available on special order.

When ordering a special gage, specify the gage diameter, the desired range and scale units.

The gage on a pressure vessel should be 150 percent of the maximum operatingpressure. This allows the gage to operate in the most accurate pressure range and prevents the gage from being stressed to its full range,effecting the calibration.

Pressure Gages

Pressure Range 4-1/2” Dia. 3-1/2” Dia.psi bar Gage No. Gage No.0-100 0-14 56HCPA 593HCP1AD0-200 0-28 56HCPB 593HCP2AD0-600 0-40 56HCPC 593HCP6AD0-1000 0-70 56HCPD 593HCPD0-2000 0-140 56HCPF 593HCPF0-3000 0-210 56HCG 593HCPG0-4000 0-280 NA 593HCP40AD0-5000 0-350 56HCPH 593HC50AD0-10000 0-700 56HCPK NA30” Hg Vac/300 psi 56HCP3YB 593HCP3YB

593HCPG 56HCPF

Head for2000 mLReactor with SpiralCooling Coil

Head for2000 mLReactor withSerpentineCooling Coil

3OptionalFittings

Liquids Charging Systems


Liquid metering pumps are the more appropriate way to introduce liquids into a

reactor or vessel at elevated pres-sures on a continuous basis asopposed to the batch process forwhich the liquid filling pipettesare commonly used. A wide

variety of pumps are available tomeet various pressure, flow, andcontrol requirements. The pumpslisted below cover some of themore common pressure and flowrequirements associated withParr reactors and pressurevessels. The pumps describedunder these catalog numbersinclude an inlet filter, a reverse-flow check valve and the outlettubing to the reactor. Specialpumps can be furnished to meetrequirements outside the rangeof these pumps.

Liquid Metering Pumps

High Pressure Gas Burette

Parr offers a series of highpressure burettes intendedto introduce gas (usually

hydrogen) to a reactor at aconstant pressure. The burettesconsist of a high pressurereservoir equipped with an inletvalve, a pressure gage and arupture disc. A constant pressureregulator with a check valve, aconnecting hose and a supportstand are included with eachpipet.

The amount of gas consumedin a reaction can be determinedby knowing the volume of the

high pressure reservoir andobserving the pressure drop inthe reservoir during a reaction.Parr high pressure burettes canbe furnished in various sizes asshown in the adjoining table,each with a regulator to delivergas to the reactor over the desig-nated pressure range. The molesof gas shown in the tablerepresent the amount ofhydrogen that will be held in theburette at the maximumpressure. The deliverablevolume will be a function of thedifference in pressure betweenthe pipette and the reactor. Thesize of the burette should be

Liquid Metering PumpsPart No. Flow Rate mL/min Pressure Max psi Wetted Material Remote Control 0-10 VDCA2286HC 0.01-10 2500 PEEK NoA2287HC 0.01-10 5000 Stainless NoA2288HC 0.04-40 1500 Stainless NoA2289HC 0.01-10 5000 Stainless YesA2290HC 0.04-40 1500 Stainless YesA2291HC 1.0-80 5000 Stainless No

High Pressure BurettesBurette Delivery Pressure Range*

Maximum Total H2Volume mL* Pressure psi Volume Moles 0-1800 psi 0-1200 psi 0-700 psi150 1800 0.8 A2280HC A2280HC2 A2280HC3300 1800 1.5 A2281HC A2281HC2 A2281HC3500 1800 2.6 A2282HC A2282HC2 A2282HC31000 1800 5.1 A2283HC A2283HC2 A2283HC32250 1800 11.5 A2284HC A2284HC2 A2284HC3500 5000 7.1 A2285HC A2285HC2 A2285HC3

High Pressure Burettes

selected as large enough toprovide sufficient gas to completethe reaction while still main-taining sufficient pressure in the burette to force gas into the reactor.

Reservoirs with larger volumesare available as are regulatorswith different delivery ranges.Modifications can be made tothese basic systems to add aninternal thermocouple to thereservoir and/or a pressure transducer for digital readoutand/or recording.

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T o introduceliquids intoreactors or

vessels at elevated pressures, the mosteconomical way isto use a pressurepipette as asecondary vessel.Liquid is forcedinto thereactor fromthe pipette byapplying gas pressure tothe pipette greater thanthe pressure within thevessel. If the passages inthe connecting line arelarge enough, slurries orcatalyst suspensions canalso be charged into thereactor in this manner.

The pipettes listed belowoffer a choice of volumes and arerated for pressures to 1800 psi.They include a nitrogen fillingconnection for attachment to anitrogen tank. More elaboratepipette systems can be assembledto special order to include addi-tional fittings, such as a pressuregage for the pipette, a pressurerelief valve or a large opening ballvalve. Special pipettes can also befurnished for higher pressures to5000 psi.

Liquid Charging PipettesPart Pipette Pressure No. Volume mL Rating psiA2113HC3 50 1800A2113HC4 150 1800A2113HC 300 1800A2113HC2 1000 1800

Solids Charging Systems

One of the modifications mostfrequently requested is a portor other means to feed solids

or slurries into the vessel withoutremoving the head. This can be donein various ways.

Ball Valve Solids ChargingPorts

A ball valve with a 3/8 inch diameteropening can be installed on any one literor larger vessel and used in conjunctionwith a high pressure pipette for injectingslurries under pressure. Valve which canbe opened or closed with a quarter turnof the handle. Larger diameter valvesare available for 1 gallon and largervessels. These ball valves will withstandthe full pressure developed in a reactorat moderate temperatures, but theirpressure rating falls off rapidly attemperatures above 100˚ C.

Part No. Nominal Size Orifice DiameterA143VB 1/4” NPT (F) 0.250”A132VB 3/8” NPT (F) 0.375”

Capped OpeningsA capped opening in the head of a

reactor can serve as a convenient solidscharging port, offering the largestpossible diameter and a significantlyshorter passage than a ball valve. Themale connector usually used to close theopening will have a reliable metal tometal seal and the ability to withstandthe full temperature and pressure forwhich the vessel is rated. Tubing can beconnected to the fitting, but this type ofclosure is normally used only where

solids or slurries willbe added at atmos-pheric pressure.

Reactor Available Fitting SizesMini 1/4” NPT1 & 2 Liter 3/8” or 1/2” NPTGallon and Larger 3/8” to 1” NPT

Catalyst Addition DevicesParr has developed a unique device

for adding small amounts of solids (orliquids) from a sealed container heldwithin a reactor. It is of particularinterest to users performing kineticstudies of catalytic reactions. It consistsof a small metal vessel with a malenipple which screws into the undersideof the reactor head, and a full opening,“trap door” plug with an O-ring seal atthe bottom of the vessel. To dischargethe contents of the holder, gas pressureis applied through a valve on theoutside of the reactor. When the appliedpressure is greater than the pressurewithin the reactor, the trap door will beblown open and the catalyst or othercontents of the holder will be releasedinto the reactor. This device works bestin the taller, 450 mL and 600 mL MiniReactors, and in the 1 liter and largerParr Reactors.

Complete MountingReactor Size Assembly No. ThreadMini 6 cc A550HC3 1/8” NPTOne Liter 8 cc A550HC 1/8” NPTLarger 20 cc A550HC2 1/8” NPT

A143VB Ball Valve

Liquid Charging Pipettes

Closed Catalyst Addition Device

Open Catalyst Addition Device

A2113HC Liquid ChargingPipette

A132VB Ball Valve

3OptionalFittings

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Bottom Drain Valves

B ottom drain valves can be added to many Parrreactors. These valves are

particularly useful for thoseworking with polymers or othermaterial that must be dischargedfrom the reactor while they arestill hot and before they cansolidify. They are also quiteuseful for the 1 gallon and largervessels which are too large toconveniently lift from the heaterfor product recovery. At the otherend of the spectrum, bottomvalves are rarely installed on themicro and mini reactors withtheir small volumes and lightvessel weights.

The standard bottom drainvalve is a rising stem, process

sampling valve. In the closedposition the stem of the valve isflush with the inside bottom ofthe vessel so that there is nodead space between the bottomof the vessel and the shut offpoint of the valve. In the openposition the stem is retractedcompletely to open a clearpassage from the vessel 3/8 inch(9mm) or larger in diameter.When the valve is reclosed, anymaterial in this passage will bepushed back into the reactor bythe rising stem.

These valves will withstand the full operating pressures andtemperatures of the vessels inwhich they are installed. A highpressure/high temperature

version is also available. Bottomdrain valves are available in sizeslarger than 3/8 inch on specialorder. They are available innearly all of the current Parrmaterials of construction. Airactuated valves are available forlarger reactors. Users can alsospecify that a reactor orderedwith a bottom valve shall have a conical bottom, usually 15 degrees, so that it will draineasily through the valve opening.

Not all Parr reactors will accepta bottom drain valve. Since thevalve extends approximately 8 inches below the bottom of thevessel, the entire vessel must beraised by this amount to accom-modate the valve. This convertssome models into a system thatis too tall for convenient benchtop operation. The specificationtables for each model will identifythose reactors in which a bottomdrain can be readily installed, andthose which will not accept abottom drain, or those which willrequire custom modification ofthe heater and support stand toaccommodate a bottom valve.

Needle Valvesand Ball Valves

Needle valves and ball valvescan also be installed as bottomoutlet valves. Needle valves aregenerally used on the smallerreactors. While ball valves canalso open large dischargepassages, they are generallylimited in their operating temper-ature/pressure limits and theygenerally leave a fairly large deadspace between the bottom of thevessel and the seat of the valve.

Bottom Drain ValvesPart Opening Outlet Max. Max. No. Diameter-Inch Connection Pressure psi Temperature ˚CA145VB 0.38 3/8 NPT (F) 1900 200A177VB 0.31 3/8 NPT (F) 5000 500A285VB 0.38 1/2 NPT (F) 1900 265

One Gallon Floor Stand Reactor with a Bottom Drain Valve

A145VB Bottom Drain Valve

One Liter Bench Top Reactor with a Bottom Drain Valve

3OptionalFittings

R emovable, open top,cylindrical liners madeeither of borosilicate glass

or PTFE can be furnished to fitany Parr reactor and most of thegeneral purpose vessels. Theseliners slide into the cylinder andrequire no additional fittings, butthey cannot be used in a reactorequipped with a spiral coolingcoil. Although they will not keepcorrosive vapors from reachingthe surfaces of the cylinder andhead, they make it much easier toadd and remove liquid reactants,and they give some protection tothe cylinder when working withcorrosive solutions. It must benoted, however, that adding aliner will slow the heat transferrate into and out of the vessel,and it may be necessary to adjustthe temperature control methodbe prevent overheating.

Liners for Parr Pressure VesselsPart No. For

Fits Cylinder Glass PTFEID Size Liner Liner1.3” 50 mL 1431HC 1431HCHA1.3” 100 mL 1431HC2 1431HC2HA2-1/2” 300 mL 762HC 762HC4HA2-1/2” 450 mL 762HC2 762HC5HA2-1/2” 600 mL 762HC3 762HC6HA2” 100 mL 762HC7 762HC7HA2-1/2” 160 mL 762HC8 762HC8HA3-3/4” 1000 mL 1441HC 1441HCHA3-3/4” 1800 mL 1442HC 1442HCHA4” 1000 mL 398HC 398HCHA4” 2000 mL 399HC 399HAHA6” 1 Gal. 894HC 894HC4HA6” 2 Gal. 894HC2 894HC5HA


T hree different pressurehose assembles areavailable for high pressure

gas connections to Parr reactors.Each hose is 6 feet long with amale, “A” type, coned fitting onone end which fits into the “A”socket on the gas inlet valve onall Parr stirred reactors and theGage Block Assemblies on ParrGeneral Purpose PressureVessels. The other end has a 1/8 inch NPT male nipple and a1/4 inch NPT bushing forattachment to either socket onany gas tank valve, pressureregulator or other gas supplysource.

• The A495HC HoseAssembly is made of nylon. It is rated for 2500 psi and is veryflexible and easy to use with dry,non-corrosive gasses (nitrogen,hydrogen and oxygen). Caremust be taken to ensure that thenylon hose does not come indirect contact with any hotsurfaces on the vessel or heater.One of these hoses is included ineach complete Parr Series 4500Pressure Reaction Apparatus.

• The A490HC HoseAssembly is a braided, stainlesssteel hose with a PTFE lining,rated for 2500 psi. It is reasonablyflexible and recommended for

Bomb Liners

Pressure Hose and Tubing

A495HC Pressure Hose

398HC 399HC

A490HC Pressure Hose A506HC Hose Assembly

use with corrosive gases andliquids, and for applicationsrequiring additional abrasionresistance, but it is not intendedfor high temperature liquids or gases.

• The A506HC Assemblyis a 6 foot length of 1/8 inch ODstainless steel tubing, rated for7500 psi. This small diametertubing is “bendable”, but it is not as flexible as the other hoses. It is recommended for corrosivegases, high temperature transfersand other high pressure applica-tions. Special versions of thisassembly can be made of othercorrosion resistant materials.Larger tubing can be used, but it is rigid rather than flexible.

Special hoses with differentlengths or end fittings can beassembled for special requirements.

Pressure Hose and TubingA495HC—Pressure hose assembly, 6-ft,reinforced NylonA495HC5—Pressure hose assembly, 6-ft,reinforced Nylon, with non-return valveA490HC—Pressure hose assembly, 6-ft,PTFE-lined, braided stainless steelA490HC5—Pressure hose assembly, 6-ft,PTFE-lined, braided stainless steel, withnon-return valveA506HC—Gas tube assembly, 6-ft, 1/8”OD, T316SS

3OptionalFittings


Windows

W indows can be installed in Parr stirred reactorsand pressure vessels for

visual observations, light trans-mission and other purposes. Theyusually are installed in pairs so thatlight can be introduced throughone window while the other isused for viewing. Windows ofquartz and sapphire have beenfurnished. Other materials areavailable for specific transmissionrequirements. They can bemounted in several different ways.

Screw-inWindows

The simplest window is a screw-in type with a 1/2 inchdiameter viewing area. Theelement in these windows issealed in a fitting which screwsinto the vessel using a standard 1/2 inch NPT male pipe thread.Obviously, the vessel wall must bethick enough to provide fullengagement for this thread. PTFEgaskets and O-ring seals restrictthe maximum operating temper-ature to 200 or 250˚ C, dependingupon the O-ring material. Pressureratings range from 2000 to 3000psi, depending upon the windowmaterial and its thickness.Although these windows are rathersmall for straight optical viewing,they work well for small videosystems and for laser and otheranalytical beams.

CircularWindows

Circular quartz windows up to 2 inches in diameter have beeninstalled in 2 liter and largervessels using a holder similar to anindustrial sight glass welded intothe side of the vessel. This type ofwindow is generally used for visualor photographic observations. Itrequires a custom-built vesseldesigned to accept the specialattachments. Operating pressuresare generally restricted to 500 to1000 psi, depending upon the sizeand thickness of the window.Temperatures are limited to 225˚ Cwith standard elastomeric seals.

Oblong WindowsNarrow windows, 5/8 inch

wide and up to 5 inch long havebeen installed in two liter andlarger vessels for visual obser-vation of the liquid and vaporphases and the liquid level withinthe vessel. These narrow windowsare held in an attachment similar to the type used for circularwindows described above.Working pressures are usuallylimited to about 1000 psi.Temperatures are limited to 225˚ Cwith standard O-ring seals, butthey can be increased to 270˚ Cwith special seals.

All reactors and pressurevessels equipped with windowsrequire custom-designed heatersand supports for the vessel.Flexible heating mantles arenormally used since they can bemade to order to conform to theirregular shape of the vessel.

Whenever gases or liquidsare introduced into a vessel under pressure,

the supply pressure must begreater than the pressure in thevessel to prevent reverse flowback into the supply system.Protection against reverse flowcan be obtained by installing acheck valve in the supply line.With a check valve in the line,the valve will snap shut if thesupply pressure is too low, or ifthe pressure in the vessel shouldrise above the supply pressure.This protection is particularlyimportant on stirred reactorswhere gas enters through a diptube. With liquids in the vessel,any back pressure will forceliquid back into the gas tank orinto the gas supply system.

Parr stocks the poppet checkvalves listed below for incorpo-ration into the user’s supply lines.These valves have a 10 psi normalcracking pressure and are rated for 3000 psi maximum workingpressures. Check valves with otherspecifications can be furnished on special order.

Poppet Check ValvesPart No. Material Connections363VBAD Stainless 1/4” NPT Female364VBAD Stainless 1/4” Tube

Safety Check Valves

Poppet Check Valves

363VB

364VB

3OptionalFittings

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High Pressure Combustion Chamber with Eight Windows

Cylinder for One GallonPressure Vessel withSteam Jacket,Temperature Probe,Two quartz Windowsand Two Flanged Portsfor Special ElectricalDevices

2000 mL Pressure Vesselwith Three Screw-InQuartz Windows

Pressure/Tensile TestVessel with Three CircularQuartz Windows

One Liter Zirconium Reactor with Four Windows

Cylinder for 600 mL Vessel with Three Windows

Flexible Mantle Heater on anElliptical Window Vessel

2000 mL Stirred Reactor with Two Elliptical Quartz Windows

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Insulated Electrical Leads

TemperatureLimits/ExtremeTemperatureSystems

Avariety of insulated electrical leads can be installed in any Parr reactor or pressure vessel for electrical measurements or to supply power to an internal heater or other devices. Three

different gland designs are available. These screw into a vessel andwill have pressure and temperature ratings to match those of thevessel in which they will be used.

Transducer GlandsTransducer glands are used for applications requiring a number

of small insulated wires in a single gland. Wire sizes from 14 to 24gage are used to carry small currents and voltages in the millivoltrange. A unique feature of this design is that multiple wires

(up to 16) can be individually insulated through a single gland.

Electrode GlandsApplications requiring a single electrical conductor with

current carrying capacities from 20 to 100 amperes and voltageratings to 2000 volts can be handled with an electrode gland.These glands have a single conductor (or electrode) in sizesfrom 0.093 to 0.312 inches in diameter, with the ends of the

conductor threaded so that internal and external lead wires caneasily be attached.

Power Leads Power leads can be provided with either single or multiple flexible

wires in sizes from 14 to 18 gage. Current ratings range from 5 to 20amperes at up to 600 volts. Either PTFE or ceramic insulation is

available. Ceramic glands can be used to the full temperaturerating of any Parr vessel. Pressure ratings will vary from

1000 to 10000 psi, depending upon the design of thegland, its size and the type of insulation used.

Miscellaneous SensorsParr has installed a number of different sensors in its

various reactors and pressure vessels, including bothsingle point and continuous liquid level sensors, pH elec-

trodes and dissolved oxygen electrodes. Each of theseinstallations must be carefully developed in consultation with the

user, the electrode or probe supplier and the Parr EngineeringDepartment. Glass electrodes with O-ring seals will obviously carryrather severe temperature and pressure restrictions. There are alsospace restrictions which generally dictate that accessories of this

type can only be installed in 1000 mL or larger vessels.

Extremely HeatedVessels

There are a number of factorsthat determine the maximumtemperature rating of a pressurevessel. For most applications it isthe gasket material. Vessels with O-ring seals are limited to 225˚ Cunless exotic materials are used toextend this temperature to 300˚ C.Parr’s design for contained PTFEgaskets extends the operatingtemperature range to 350˚ C.Flexible Graphite (FG) materialessentially removes the gasket asthe limiting factor. It has been usedto 6000˚ C well above any practicalpressure vessel application.Maximum temperature limits forthe metals used in these vesselsare established by the ASME andother standards. Most metals havemaximum temperature limitsbetween 400 and 800˚ C. Theallowable strength for these metals falls off rapidly as theyreach maximum operating temper-ature. Finally, the difficultiesencountered with screw threadsand other closure componentsoperating at high temperaturesestablish a practical temperaturelimit for externally heated vessels.We have found 600˚ C to be the limit.

Internally HeatedVessels

Another approach has provenuseful in extending the maximumtemperature limit. In this design theheater or furnace is placed insidethe pressure vessel. This heater issurrounded by a layer of insulation.This creates a hot zone in thecenter of the vessel andprevents the walls from

MultipleElectric Leadson the Head of a PressureVessel

2000 mL Bomb HeadAssembly with PressureRelief Valve and Transducer

3OptionalFittings

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exceeding their allowable limit.Properly designed, temperatures ashigh as 1200˚ C are generated in thecore of the vessel while the wallsremain below 250˚ C. This system isvery energy efficient. Internalheaters can be less powerful thanexternal heaters. Internally heatedvessels are equipped with insulatedelectrical feed throughs to powerthe heater and multiple thermo-couples to monitor and control thetemperatures in the hot zone andthe vessel inner wall.

The reactions or studies carriedout in internally heated vesselsmust be limited to those which willnot destroy the exposed internalheaters and insulation. These arenormally gas-solid reactions orcontrolled atmosphere heattreatment studies. The heatingelements are normally ceramic.Some users have developedinduction style heaters and insulators and have extended theirinvestigations to above 2500˚ C.

Although internal heaters can beinstalled in almost any non-stirredParr pressure vessel the 1.8 liter,Model 4683 High Pressure/HighTemperature vessel is an excellentstarting point. It can accommodatea cylindrical, insulated heater 1-3/4 inch diameter by 8 inchdeep, capable of producing andsustaining internal temperatures to 1200˚ C.

Internally heated vessels havealso been produced using cartridgetype heating elements inserted inspecially designed “thermowells”.These wells protect the heater from the reactants and expand theapplications that can be studied.Cartridge type heaters have amaximum temperature of 850˚ C.


Unless specified, the valves, gage,magnetic drive and other external partson Parr reactors are furnished in stainlesssteel, even when a different material isspecified for the cylinder, head andinternal wetted parts. These parts are lessexpensive than if made of a specialmaterial and, in most cases they can beused with complete satisfaction, sincethey are in contact only with the vaporphase and not with liquids in the reactor,and they are air cooled and normally at alower temperature than the internalcomponents. But, if external parts madeof a material other than stainless steel are required for safety or other reasons,they can be furnished if available. Any request for external parts made of a specific material must be stated clearly when ordering.

ValvesMost reactor valves are available in

Alloy 400 as well as stainless steel at areasonable cost premium. Valves made ofAlloy C-276 are also available, butgenerally only on special designs and at aconsiderable cost premium. Soft materialssuch as titanium and zirconium generallymake poor performing valves.

GagesPressure gages are available in

Alloy 400 and stainless steel, but othermaterials of construction are notavailable. The standard method forprotecting the gage in a corrosive environment is to install a diaphragmgage protector. These have a flexiblediaphragm which isolates the gage fromthe reactants and a sealed hydraulicconnection for pressure transfer to thegage. These assembles are too large toinstall on all but the largest Parr reactors.

As an alternative, Parr has designed anoil filled piston isolator gage protector toisolate the gage on small reactors andpressure vessels where space is limited.These isolators can be furnished in any ofthe current Parr materials of construction,with an attached cooling jacket.

Pressure TransducersPressure transducers are only available

in stainless steel. Parr provides amounting adapter with a water coolingjacket on pressure transducers to protectthem from excessive temperatures. Thesecan be replaced with piston style isolatorssimilar to gage protectors when corrosionresistance is required. When a gage and apressure transducer are installed, a singleisolator can protect both.

Magnetic DrivesMagnetic drives can be furnished in all

of the current Parr materials ofconstruction except nickel. These drivesrepresent a significant portion of the costof the reactor and the price premium forspecial alloy construction is fairly low.Specifying a magnetic drive of the samematerial of construction as the wettedparts is generally a wise choice.

Valve and GageAdapters

These fittings are available in thecurrent Parr materials of construction butmust be specified when ordering.

Rupture DiscsThe standard material of construction

for rupture discs is Alloy 600. A goldfacing is available for the smaller discsused on vessels up through 2 liters in volume. Alloy C-276, Tantalum and otherpremium materials are available on special order.

External Valves,Gages and Fittings

3OptionalFittings

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P arr Instrument Company is pleased to work with customers in the design

and assembly of complete laboratory or pilot plant reactorsystems, offering a full spectrumof reactor designs, ranging fromsimple, Stirred Tank Reactors forbatch operation to ContinuousFlow Stirred Tank and TubularSystems. Parr can furnish eitherthe essential components forassembly by the user, or acompletely assembled turnkeysystem. Parr’s experience in thisfield has ranged from table-topmicro systems to small operatingpilot plants, each with a reactor(or reactors) designed to meetthe user’s particular require-ments. Our experience in systemsincludes:

Continuous FlowStirred TankReactor Systems

This mode of operationrequires that reactants be intro-duced and products removed ona continuous basis. Generally,this must be done with thereactor at elevated temperaturesand pressures. Reactors used forthese applications must bemodified to provide sufficientinlets and outlets for the reac-tants and products as well asdesigns for maintainingcontinuous operating levels andpressures under flow conditions.

Continuous FlowTubular ReactorSystems

Instead of a stirred tank reactorthese systems use a tubular

vessel generally packed with afixed bed of catalyst. Reactantliquids and gasses are fed to thereactor at a controlled ratethrough preheaters and mixingsystems. Products are collectedfrom the discharge of thereactors and are cooled and separated for recovery.

Reactor SupportSystems

Both stirred tank and tubularflow reactors will require feedand recovery systems whenoperated in a continuous flow mode. Subsystems andcomponents developed for incorporation into these systems include:

Gas Feed SystemsThese systems commonly

include one or more of thefollowing components:

Intermediate Reservoirs.These gas supply tanks can besized to the expectedconsumption of the reaction sothat the pressure drop in thisreservoir can be measured todetermine total consumption bythe reactor. If the pressure ismeasured continuously, the rateof pressure drop can beconverted to reaction rates.

Constant Pressure GasRegulators. These regulators,sometimes called forwardpressure regulators, will delivergas to a reaction to maintain aconstant pressure within thereactor. They are a simple andeffective means for controllingthe pressure in systems where itis desirable to feed

E ach stirred reactor isfurnished with a set ofspare parts and fittings

consisting of a 6 foot gas supply hose, head gaskets,rupture discs, and a set ofreplacement parts for the stirrer drive.

A reserve supply of spare partscan be ordered from the listbelow to provide sufficient partsand tools to handle most normalreplacements and emergencyrepairs during the first year ofheavy usage. These kits includereplacement gaskets, O-rings,shafts, bearings, rupture discs and any unique tools needed to service the reactor.

Spare Parts KitsFor ReactorNumbers Gasket Drive Kit No.4591-4593 O-ring GP* 45994561-4568 PTFE GP 4569M4561-4568 O-ring GP 4569AM4521-4524 PTFE GP 4509M4521-4524 O-ring GP 4509AM4523-4524 PTFE HD** 4549M4523-4524 O-ring HD 4549AM4531-4534 PTFE GP 4509M4531-4534 O-ring GP 4509AM4531-4534 PTFE HD 4549BM4531-4534 O-ring HD 4549CM4544-4548 PTFE GP 4549BM4551-4554 PTFE HD 4559M4551-4554 O-ring HD 4559AM4555 PTFE HD 4559PCM4556 PTFE HD 4559PDM4571-4574 FG GP 4579B4571-4574 FG HD 4579E4575-4576 FG GP 4579D4581-4582 FG HD 4589B

* General Purpose **Heavy Duty

Spare Parts Kits

3ReactionSystems

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non-flowing reactor over time.Electronic Mass Flow

Meters. These meters will measure the flow rates of gasesinto a reactor. They are very valuable for systems under integrated computer control.

Electronic Mass FlowControllers. These are electronicflow meters with an added flowcontrol valve which delivers theflow at a constant rate which canbe set by the user.

Back Pressure Regulators.These regulators are generallyinstalled on the gas dischargeline of a reactor to maintain thedesired pressure within thereactor by regulating the flow ofexit gases. They can be set eithermanually, or by gas pressure, orelectronically, as required. Theseback pressure regulators arecommonly used with mass flowcontrollers to ensure that the flowof gas passing through a reactorhas been held at aconstant pressure.

Liquid FeedSystems

There are twocommonly used liquidfeed systems:

Pressure PipetteAssemblies. Thesegenerally consist of asmall pressure vesselfrom which liquid feedmaterial can be forcedinto a reactor. The

vessel is pressurized withnitrogen (or other gas) to apressure greater than that in thereactor, and the liquid is fed intothe reactor through an appro-priate control valve. Thisarrangement is usually selectedfor systems in which liquid isintroduced as a batch rather thancontinuously. A liquid level indi-cator or sight glass can be addedto provide some degree ofmeasurement and control.

Liquid Feed Pumps. Avariety of liquid feed pumps areavailable, but the mostcommonly used ones for Parrreactors are those designed forhigh pressure liquid chromatog-raphy. These small pumps haveavailable flowrates and oper-ating pressureranges wellsuited to Parrreactor systems.

Chemical feed pumps are alsoavailable for larger systems.

Product HandlingSystems

The following components arecommonly employed to deal withthe hot, high pressure productstreams leaving a reactor.

Cooling Condensers. Thesecan be used in various ways: toseparate and return condensablesolvents to the reactor from theexhaust stream; to take offcondensable liquids; to coolexhaust gases before they reacha back pressure regulator; or tocool a liquid product. Manydifferent sizes and configurationsare available.

A Two Gallon Reactor with a Liquid Filling System,Condenser, Receiver and a Bottom Drain

A 5 Gallon Reactor with aFeed System and FullControls in a CompactPilot Plant Arrangement

3ReactionSystems

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A Six-Unit Multiple Pressure Reactor

Four Interconnected Stirred Reactors with a Pressure Feed System and Full ControlsProvided by Two Parr Process Controllers

Gas/Liquid Separators. These are generally recovery vessels which receive a mixedflow of gasses and liquids andseparate them for appropriaterecovery or venting. Often theyare equipped with coolers and/orreflux condensers.

Liquid Level ControlSystems. At high pressures andtemperatures in small systems,liquid levels are most practicallycontrolled by stand pipes ordischarge level controls ratherthan by electronic controls. Whilesome electronic controls areavailable, they are not alwayssmall enough or sensitive to thesmall level changes experiencedin bench scale and small pilotplant systems. Pressure and/ortemperature ratings may also be inadequate for a particularinstallation.

Control and DataAcquisition Systems

Multiple Modular ControlSystems. Simple reactorsystems can be controlled withindividual controllers for each ofthe variables in the system, suchas: separate temperature zones,operating pressure, flow rates,stirrer speed, etc. Analog outputscan be included for data output.

Integrated ComputerControl Systems. The ParrSeries 4860 Process Controller isan example of an integratedcomputer control system whichcan control the process as well asthe individual components of thesystem. It uses a PC for both theuser interface terminal and datalogging and archiving system.

System Integration and Mounting

Integrated Support Stands.Support structures for thereaction vessel and its various

subsystems can be designed andfabricated to provide systemswhich are ready to install in theuser’s spaces.

The Parr Instrument Company

3ReactionSystems

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Custom Built Tubular Reactor with Chilled Feed System

Custom Built Horizontal Stirred Reactor

Technical Staff is available toassist in the design, selection andintegration of components forcustom reactor systems.

3ReactionSystems

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600 mL Stirred Vessel with four Windows, Bottom Split-Ring Closure, and Clamp-on Cooling Block

Custom Built Gas Delivery System with Flow Control Metering and Back Pressure Maintenance

Custom Built Polymerization System

Custom Built Catalyst Preparation System


3ReactionSystems

Controllers

4840 Series Controllers

PID Controller

Ramp and Soak Controller

Cascade Controller

Enhancement Options:

Tachometer

Pressure

Temperature

Current

Analog Output

Communications

Solenoid Valve

4860 Series Controllers

4Controllers

90 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Controllers

Temperature Controllers

M icroprocessor tech-nology has broughtdramatic improve-

ments to the field of temper-ature control in recent years.Yesterday’s on/off and currentproportioning controllers havebeen replaced with entry levelcontrollers with PID.

PID ControlPID (Proportional - Integral -

Derivative) control can rapidlybring a system to a desiredtemperature with little or noovershoot and smooth,continuous regulation. Thesecontrollers are now self-tuningso that they can set the propor-tional band, compensate forany offset and adjust theproportional action to ensure

Ramp and SoakProgramming

This control option allowsthe operator to program a timeand temperature profile into thecontroller for the controller tofollow automatically. This canconsist of a series of differenttemperature settings and thelength of time each is to beheld. The rate of change fromone setting to another can alsobe controlled if the changes arewithin the capability of the heating and/or cooling system.An additional feature providesfor control of the approach to a critical temperature whenover-shoots cannot betolerated. A visual displayprompts for all programmingand timing functions.

4861 Process Controller with 4855 Slave Box

that the temperature in thecontrolled system will be heldat the set point with minimaldeviation.

Prior to the advent of thesemodern controllers, heatingbaths, block heaters, specialthermocouple placements andsimilar hardware and tech-niques were required toproduce acceptable control formany applications. But with theanticipatory and adaptivenature of these moderncontrols, special heaters andspecial control systems arenow reserved for only the mostunusual and difficult controlapplications.

Three additional levels ofcontrol can be added to thebasic level of PID control.

4842 Temperature Controller with Expansion Options

4Controllers

Overview

➥

91Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Controllers

Cascade ControlThis control option utilizes

two temperature sensors: Oneinternal and one external toprovide superior performancein difficult control systems. It isparticularly effective for heatingsystems with large thermallags, such as thick wall vesselsor vessels with glass or PTFEliners, also for systems wherethe contents of the vessel have a small heat capacitywhen compared with the vessel itself. By monitoringboth the internal and externaltemperatures a cascadecontroller prevents the externaltemperature from exceeding the internal temperature by amargin large enough to inducesignificant over-shoots.

Separate Heatingand CoolingControl Loops

Parr controllers actually have two separate PID controlloops; one for heating and asecond one for cooling. The second loop with its ownself-tuning parameters can beused to activate a solenoidvalve to control the flow ofcoolant through an installedcooling coil.

On-Off Control

This is the simplest control mode.

Power is turned on and off as the

temperature passes through the set point.

This results in wide cycles above and

below the set temperature.

PID Control

Proportional-Integral-Derivative

Systems have three control functions.

Proportional control adjusts the heating in

proportion to the temperature difference

from the set point. Integral function

compensates for any temperature control

offset from the set point. The derivative

function deals with the rate of change of the

temperature.

Ramp and Soak Control

Ramp programming allows the

operator to program a time segment

together with an initial and final

temperature. When the beginning and

ending temperatures are the same, it is

referred to as a soak. Individual segments

can be linked together to produce a

programmed profile.

Cascade Control

Cascade control utilizes both internal

and external temperature inputs to control

systems with unusual temperature lags or

imbalances to minimize initial overshoots

and subsequent cycling of the controlled

temperature.

Temperature Control Profiles Offered by Series 4840 and 4860 Temperature Controllers

4Controllers

Overview➥


Control Module SpecificationsAll Parr control modules share the following specifications*Operating Range** 0-600˚ CDigital Readout Resolution 1˚ CDigital Set point Resolution 1˚ CSystem Accuracy +/-2˚ CHigh Limit Alarm DigitalThermocouple Burnout Protection YesThermocouple** Type JOptional Communications Module*** RS-232C

* In order to provide our customers with the best available technology in a rapidlychanging market, Parr reserves the right to change meters and specifications whereappropriate.

** Other ranges and other sensors including Type K, Type T thermocouples or RTDsensors are available on special order.

*** For primary temperatures only.

Series 4840 Modular Controllers

T he Series 4840 ModularControllers are offered inthree different models

from which the user can selecteither a simple temperaturecontroller or an expandedcontrol system. Variousenhancement modules can beadded to assist in monitoring and controlling thetemperature, pressure andstirring speed in Parr reactors.

Model 4842 PIDController

The 4842 Controller is a fullfeature, microprocessor basedfully digital temperature controlsystem offering PID controlloops for both heating andcooling.

Model 4843Ramp and SoakController

The 4843 Controller addsRamp and Soak temperatureprofile programming to thefeatures of the 4842 Controller.

Model 4844CascadeController

The 4844 Controller is a dualelement controller equippedwith the Cascade control algo-rithm in addition to PID controlloops to handle very difficultcontrol applications. Parr doesnot recommend selection ofthis controller without firstdiscussing your application witha Parr technical representative.

Model 4843 Temperature Controller, PID, Ramp and Soak, with Expansion Modules

4Controllers


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All Parr control modules share the following specifications:

1. Control Module This is the primary element in each controller which provides a specific type of control.

4842 PID Control

4843 Ramp and Soak Programming

4844 Cascade Control

2. Load Relay This relay switches up to 15 amps of load for the main heater.

3. Motor Speed Control This is the control board and rheostat for setting the stirring speed for the DC motors used in Parr Series 4500 Reactors.

4. Heater - 3 Way Switch This turns the heater output on and off and permits the operator to select a 50% or 100% power output.

5. Lockout Relay and Reset When tripped by one of its alarm inputs this relay interrupts power to the heater until it is manually reset by the operator.

6. Switches Switches are provided for the controller, motor and heater outputs.

7. Fuses and Breakers Fuses and circuit breakers are provided to protect the controller, the load relay and the connected stirrer motor.

8. Output Sockets Controlled output sockets are provided for heating, cooling and motor speed control.

9. Input Connection Connections are provided for all temperature inputs as well as for all installed expansion modules.

10. Expansion Modules Up to three expansion modules can be installed and interconnected within the basic controller.

Control Module Specifications

Connection Panel Series 4840 Controller, 115 volt Connection Panel Series 4840 Controller, 230 volt

4Controllers

Series 4840 Modular Controllers➥


Enhancement Options

In addition to a choice ofthree individual controllers inthe 4840 Series, there are

various enhancement moduleswhich the user can select to beadded to these controllers to

assist in monitoring andcontrolling the temper-ature, pressure andstirring speed in Parrreactors. These moduleswill be installed at the

factory if specified when thecontroller is ordered, or they canbe installed later by the user inpre-cut openings in the cabinetwhich otherwise are closed with

blank covers. Allnecessary fittings andmounting hardware arefurnished with eachmodule.

Option 1—TDMTachometerDisplay Module

This module provides ameans for continuouslymonitoring the stirringspeed in Parr reactors,offering a particularlyvaluable feature for unitsequipped with variable

speed motors. It consists of abright digital readout to beinstalled in the controller cabinetand connected to an opticaltachometer mounted on the

stirrer drive shaft in thereactor. The digitaldisplay will show thestirring speed with 1 rpmresolution and +/- 5 rpmaccuracy. When ordering

this option for field installationbe sure to provide the model

number and serial number ofthe reactor on which thetachometer is to be installed sothat the proper hardware can be furnished.

Option 2—PDMPressure Displayand Cut-offModule

This module provides a digitalreadout for continuously moni-toring the pressure within thereactor, plus a back-up safetyfeature which will shut down thesystem if a pre-set maximumpressure is reached. Pressure isdisplayed with 1 psi resolutionand 10 psi accuracy on a brightLED digital readout, normallycalibrated from 0 to 2500 psig.Higher or lower ranges areavailable by special order. Thesafety cut-out feature offersexcellent protection against acci-dental over-pressurization byallowing the user to set amaximum pressure which, ifreached, will activate a lock outrelay and shut down the systemimmediately.

The signal for the pressuredisplay is generated by a transducer in a stainless steelhousing mounted on the reactornear the Bourdon tube pressuregage. For applications involvingenvironments corrosive tostainless steel, users shouldconsult with the Parr engi-neering staff regarding possiblecorrosion protection arrange-ments. When ordering thisoption separately or installed ina Series 4840 Controller, alwaysspecify the reactor on which the

transducer will be installed sothat the proper hardware can be furnished.

Option 3—HTMHigh Temperature Cut-off Module

This module provides acompletely redundant hightemperature safety cut-off whichwill shut down a reactor in caseof an unusual malfunction in theprimary control system. EachSeries 4840 Controller has ahigh temperature safety cut-offbuilt into the control system, butthis feature depends upon theproper functioning of thesensing thermocouple and thetemperature measuring circuitry.To guard against any possiblemalfunction in this primarysystem, the optional hightemperature cut-off moduleoffers a completely independentsecondary (on/off) controlleroperating with its own thermo-couple, digital display andwiring, which will shut down thesystem if a pre-set maximumtemperature is reached.

When used with any Parrmicro or mini reactor, this module requires a dual thermo-couple consisting of two ther-mocouples sealed within a single sheath and installed in thesingle thermocouple opening.For all other Parr reactors themodule operates from a secondthermocouple inserted into thethermowell together with thebasic control thermocouple.When ordering this option sepa-rately or installed in a Series4840 Controller, alwaysspecify the reactor on

Option 1TDM

Option 2PDM

Option 3HTM

Option 4AMM

4Controllers


➥


which it will be used so that athermocouple of the proper styleand length can be furnished.

Option 4—AMMAmmeter DisplayModule

This module provides ameans for continuously moni-toring the current being drawnby the stirrer motor. Since themotor speed control will providea constant stirring speed at anygiven setting, changes in thecurrent drawn by the motor willcorrespond to changes in theviscosity of the reactants in thevessel. This will be a usefuloption for users who want tomonitor the progress of a poly-merization reaction in whichthere is a viscosity change as the reaction proceeds.

Option 5—(A)Analog Outputs

Analog outputs for recordingthe measured data are availablefor the tachometer, pressure,high temperature and ammetermodules. Dual ranges areprovided in each output, givingthe user a choice of either a 0-5 volt, 0-10 volt, or a 4-20 mAlinear signal. If this feature isdesired, it must be specifiedwhen ordering any of the above modules.

Option 6—CMCommunicationsModule

This option is available for theprimary temperature controllers.It adds a RS232C communica-tions port to only the primarytemperature control module

within the controller. This digitalcommunications link can beused to set or change all para-meters within the temperaturecontrol module and to transmitthe temperature to an attachedcomputer. It does not commu-nicate with any of the expansionmodules (tachometer, pressuredisplay, ammeter or hightemperature cut-off) which maybe installed in the controller.Analog outputs can be providedfor users who wish to record thedata from these additionalmodules.

Option 7—SVMSolenoid ValveModule

This module providessolenoid valves and all parts

needed to assemble an auto-matic flow control system forcontrolling the flow of coolantthrough a cooling coil in anyreactor. It usually is installed in acold water line with a flowconnection to the cooling coiland an electrical connection toan output socket provided at theback of the temperaturecontroller. This connection isdriven by its own PID controlloop. This system is particularlyadvantageous for controllingexothermic reactions or holdingtemperatures below 150˚ C.

Ordering InformationCatalog No. Voltage

Model 4842 Controller with PID Control 4842EB / 4842EE 115 v.a.c. / 230 v.a.c.

Model 4843 Controller with Ramp Control 4843EB / 4843EE 115 v.a.c. / 230 v.a.c.

Model 4844 Controller with Cascade Control 4844EB / 4844EE 115 v.a.c. / 230 v.a.c.

Enhancement options for the above controllers are identified by the symbols shown below. When ordered with a controller, add the symbol(s) for the option(s) to the catalog number for the controller (e.g. 4842EB-TDM-PDM). When ordered separately, use the symbol as the catalog number.

TDM Tachometer Display ModulePDM Pressure Display ModuleHTM High Temperature Cut-off ModuleAMM Ammeter Display ModuleSVM Solenoid Valve ModuleCM Communications Module

All Series 4840 Controllers require an A472E, Type J thermocouple with an A470E2 extension wire which are furnished with each Parr laboratory reactor. If these items are not available to the user, they can be ordered separately from listings in the current Parr price list.

Parr can also furnish controllers made by other manufacturers if a user has a preference for a particular brand, or if he requires a controller with special functions not available in a Parr unit. Inquiries are always welcome.

4Controllers

Series 4840 Modular Controllers➥


A New Computer BasedProcess Control System

W ith the Series 4860,Parr introduces a new generation of

integrated process controllersdesigned for laboratory andsmall pilot plant systems. These controllers provide:

PC Control with aGraphical User Interface(GUI). The 4860 Controllers aredesigned to be operated with auser’s personal computerrunning Windows 3.1, Windows95 or Windows NT. Software furnished with the controller produces a visual representationof the system being controlled,and permits operator inputdirectly onto the operating diagram. The 4860 Controllerscan also be operated as a menu-based system using a

Series 4860 Process Controllers

Model 4861 Process Controller with 4855 Slave Box and attached PC Running Windows

Connection Panels of Series 4860 Process Controller and 4855 Slave Box

VT-100 compatible terminal or aPC emulating a terminal.

Broad-range ProcessControl. Up to eleven analog

sensor inputs for temperature,pressure, flow rates, etc. and upto eight PID controlled outputsare available on these new controllers, thereby extendingcontrol to all aspects of an operating system, not simply totemperature and pressure alone.

Recipe Based ProcessControl. These controllers havean easy to use programming feature with which the user candefine the state of all outputs atany given time. Output condi-

4Controllers


➥

➥97

tions can be defined on a time-driven basis, as in conventionalramp and soak temperature programming, with additionalchecks based on the state of digital inputs or key analog

inputs for each recipe step. Or,the value or state of all analogand digital outputs can bedefined during any recipe step.Then, by linking all profilestogether, the user can not onlyestablish temperature profiles,but he can also initiate the introduction of reactants, the taking of samples, changes instirring speeds, flow rate adjustments and other actionsrequired to completely automate the controlled processor system.

An Independent Controllerwith Integrated SafetyFeatures. All control functionsreside within the 4860Controllers. Redundant safetyfeatures, watch dog timers andmultiple alarms are provided,independent of the PC which is

used only to provide a graphicalinterface and for data handlingand storage.

Two ModelsSeries 4860 Controllers are

offered in twomodels:

• Model 4861 isthe base model. Ithas five analoginputs for temper-ature, pressure, flowand similar inputs;four PID controlledoutputs; two analogoutputs; and eightdigital inputs or outputs.

• Model 4862 isan expanded model

which increases the analoginputs to eleven, the PIDcontrolled outputs to eight, andthe analog outputs to four.

Model 4861 Controllers can be upgraded to Model 4862,

but this requires that theinput/output board be replacedin the controller.

Operating ModesThe 4860 Series Controller can

be operated in either Terminalor Graphical User Interface(GUI) modes. In the terminalmode the attached PC shouldalso operate in the terminalmode, or a “dumb terminal”can be used. Operating infor-

mation is entered into box tableson operating pages. In the

graphical system adisplay of the systemis shown on the PCscreen. Set-up andcontrol instructionscan then be madedirectly on thedisplay.

The standard GUIincludes operatingscreens for:

• A simple batchstirred reactor.

• A completebatch stirred reactor with provi-sions for mass flow controllersand a liquid feed pump.

Operating Screen for Simple Batch Operating Mode

Operating Screen for Controlling Liquid Feed

Operating Screen for Monitoring and Controlling Gas Input

4Controllers

Series 4860 Process Contorllers➥

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Controllers


• A three-phase batch stirredreactor with controlled gassupply.

• Two simple batch reactorsrunning independently (separatewindows can also be used formultiple reactors).

• A continuous flow stirredreactor with provisions for massflow controllers, liquid feedpumps, pre-heaters andgas/liquid separators.

• A continuous flow tubularreactor with pre-heater andmultiple zone heaters, mass flowcontrollers, liquid feed pumpsand a gas/liquid separator.

Provisions are made for theoperator to add additionalcontrol and monitoring displayson these standard screens, andcustom screens are available onspecial order.

Full ProcessControl

The Series 4860 Controllersincorporate a real time processcontrol system. This system isbased upon a series of recipepages which describe the

desired state of thecontrolled functions(temperature,pressure, valvesettings, flow rates,accessories on/off,etc.) and a durationfor the setting. Theseindividual recipepages can then belinked to provide thecomplete operatingprogram.

Setup pages are provided toestablish alarm conditions anddesired automatic responses toalarms as well as both high andlow alarm settings. Completecontrol of data logging to boththe controller’s on-boardmemory and the computer’shard disk is provided. Trendinggraphs can be addedto any of the oper-ating displays.

The user canselect, name andincorporate into hiscontrol scheme up to64 channels ofanalog and digitaldata. The controllersare completelypreprogrammed andready for adoption tothe user’s process.When ordered withParr systems, Parr will do theinitial setup and configuration ofthe controller.

Demonstration disks areavailable to show the manyfeatures of this computer basedcontrol system. Please call foryour copy.

TechnicalSpecifications

Analog InputsEach of the five universal

input channels on the 4861Controller can be configured toread: thermocouple input, RTDtemperature probe, pressure

transducer, voltage (0-10V),current (0-20mA or 4-20mA), oralmost any other sensornormally used in the laboratory.Software is provided to cali-brate each of these units and toconvert the input signal to engi-neering units for temperature,pressure, flow, etc.

Operating Screen for Operating Continuous Flow Tubular Reactor

Operating Screen for Operating Continuous Flow Stirred Reactor

Operating Screen for Controlling Two Stirred Reactors

4Controllers


➥

➥

99

Four of the fiveanalog inputs have

24-bit analog to digitalconverters to provide at least 1ppm resolution for highprecision applications. Oneinput is reserved to providecold junction compensation forthermocouple inputs.Appropriate signal conditioningprotection is provided for eachchannel.

All of the above descriptionsapply also to the Model 4862Controller, but with eleven inputchannels instead of five.

Digital Inputs and OutputsBoth Model 4861 and Model

4862 Controllers have eightdigital input or output channels.When configured as inputs theycan sense that interlocks areclosed, that doors or safetydevices are in their proper positions, that purge systemsare on or they can monitor thestatus of valves, pumps or otherauxiliary equipment. Whenconfigured as outputs they can activate auxiliary alarms or equipment such as valvesand pumps.

Tachometer InputsBoth Model 4861

and the Model 4862Controllers have twochannels fortachometer inputs.These are used inconjunction with thetachometer sensorsmounted on the stirrerdrive mechanism ofthe controlledreactors. These

channels are in addition to theanalog inputs described above.

Analog OutputsThe Model 4861 Controller

has two analog outputchannels. These can beconfigured as either 4-20mAcurrent loops, or as voltageoutputs. High resolution, 16-bit,digital to analog converters areprovided for each analogoutput channel. These outputscan be used to controlperipheral devices, such asprocess valves, mass flowcontrollers, and pumps as wellas to provide signals to stripchart or other recorders. In theModel 4862 Controller thenumber of available analogoutput channels is increased to four.

Pulse Width Modulated(PWM) Outputs

There are four pulse widthmodulated (PWM) outputs onthe Model 4861 Controller andeight on the Model 4862Controller. These provide PIDcontrol for heaters and anyother devices requiring PID

regulation. An installed half-power feature makes it possibleto tune a heater to a loweroutput by reducing its wattageby one-half, if desired.

Motor Speed ControlsBoth the Model 4861 and

Model 4862 Controllers havetwo channels of DC motorspeed control. These channelsdrive the Parr DC motor speedcontrollers incorporated into thereactor slave boxes.

Motor Current InputsBoth Model 4861 and Model

4862 Controllers have twoinputs dedicated to measuringthe current draw of attached DC motors. The motor speed

control circuitry is designed todrive the motors at constantspeeds. Changes in viscositywill change the load on themotor and hence the currentconsumption of the motor.Users will be able to correlatethe motor current consumptionto the viscosity and, forexample, the degree of polymerization of a reaction.

Communication PortsBoth Model 4861 and 4862

Controllers have threeserial (RS-232) ports,

CONTROLLER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

4861 4862Analog Inputs 5 11PWM Control Channels 4 8Analog Outputs 2 4Digital I/O 8 8

4Controllers


➥Sample Operating Recipe Page

➥Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Controllers



TABLE ICONTROLLER IDENTIFICATION

Model CatalogNumber Description Number Voltage4861 Controller with 4865 Slave Box 4861EB 115 v

4861EE 230 v4862 Controller with 4865 Slave Box 4862EB 115 v

4862EE 230 v4865 Slave Box with Load Relay and DC motor 4865EB 115 v

4865EE 230 v

TABLE II ANALOG CONNECTION MODULES

SupportedPart No. Description RangeJCM Type J Thermocouple -100 to +760˚ CKCM Type K Thermocouple -100 to +1350˚ CRCM RTD Connection 0 to +800˚ CPCM Pressure Transducer (psi) 0 to 200

0 to 25000 to 5000

A composite identification number is to be used when ordering any Series4860 Controller. The number is developed by combining the catalog numberfrom Table I with a set of letters from Table II that identify the analog signalconnection modules to be installed in the controller.

4861EB - JCM - JCM - PSM

EXAMPLE

For example a 4861 Controller with five analog input channels equipped with:• A JCM module for a Type J thermocouple for primary control• A JCM module for a Type J thermocouple for controlling the maximum

vessel wall temperature• A PSM module for a strain gage pressure transducer• All operating from a 115V 60Hz power supply, would be listed as:

In this example no signal conditioning module would be installed in thefourth and fifth analog input channels.

A 4865 Slave Box will be furnished with each Series 4860 Controller toprovide a 25 AMP load relay for controlling a heater, a 1 AMP relay for coolingcontrol and a speed controller for a DC motor up to 1 hp. Users who wish tocontrol two reactors or operate multiple zone heaters must purchase an addi-tional slave box for the second reactor and any additional heater zones.

Thermocouples, pressure transducers and other analog sensors and theirconnection cables to the controller are not included since these come in avariety of sizes and ranges and must be ordered separately.

one of which is usedfor communication

with the host computer orterminal. One serves as aprinter port which can be usedto record or report datacollected by the controller. Thethird port can be used toconnect serial devices, such asa laboratory balance or other“smart” peripheral device tothe controller.

Modular ConstructionModular construction is used

in the Series 4860 Controllers tomake it easy to adapt theseversatile controllers to a widevariety of heater loads, stirrermotor sizes, multiple zoneheaters, and different reactorconfigurations. This also keepsthe high current loads and heatgenerated by the solid statecontrol relays away from thesensitive microprocessorcircuitry. The motor controls,the load handling solid staterelays for heaters, and thesolenoid valves for cooling aremounted in a separate slavebox. One slave box is includedwith each 4861 and 4862Controller.

4Controllers


➥

Non-Stirred Pressure Vessels

5Non-StirredPressureVessels

Series 4600 - 4620 GP1000 & 2000 mL

Series 4650 HT/HP 250 - 1800 mL

Series 4660 GP 1 & 2 Gallon

Series 4670 HT/HP 1 - 1.5 Gallon

Series 4680 HT/HP1000 - 1800 mL

Series 4676 GP10 Liter - 5 Gallon

Series 4750 GP125 - 200 mL

Series 4760 - 4780 GP160 & 600 mL

Series 4701 - 4714 Screw Cap Vessels 22 & 45 mL

Series 4740 HT/HP Vessels 21 & 71 mL

Gage Block Assemblies

Coned Pressure Fittings

Vessel Heaters

Tube Connectors, Plugs, Valves

PTFE-Lined Vessels

Guide to Parr Non-Stirred Vessels

102 Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Non-Stirred Reactors

Non-Stirred Pressure Vessels

Pressure Vessel Selection Procedure

The steps to be followed in selecting anon-stirred pressure vessel are similar tothose used for a stirred reactor. Selectionbegins with the Guide to Non-StirredVessels, from which the user can identifythe Model Number for vessels in a range ofsizes with temperature and pressure ratings

suitable for his/her intended application.Detailed specifications and catalognumbers can then be found on the refer-enced page. After the specifications havebeen established, the options and acces-sories required to customize a completepressure vessel system can be selected.

Parr offers a broad selection of non-stirred pressure vessels in conve-nient styles, sizes and pressure

ranges for many laboratory uses. Recentadditions to this line have included newsizes, new temperature and pressure

combinations and new self-sealingclosures, all designed to provide conve-nient vessels for laboratory procedureswhich must be performed under pressureat elevated temperatures.

lank Heads

Many of these non-stirred

vessels are offered with a blank head

with no drilled holes or fittings. These

should be considered only as a starting

point for custom built vessels as they do

not include a

safety rupture disc

which good

practice, safety

codes, and

common sense

dictate should be

installed on all

presure vessels.

Users who take delivery for vessels

without safety relief devices installed

must also take the responsibility for

installing adequate protective devices

before the vessel is placed in service.

B


SelectionProcedure

Model Vessel Vessel Max. Press. Max. See PageNumber Style Size psi (bar) Temp. ˚C Number4701-4714 Screw Cap 25-45 mL 1700 (115) 250 1254740-4742 High Pressure 21-71 mL 8500 (575) 540 1264750-4755 Split Ring 125-200 mL 3000 (210) 350 1194760-4774 Split Ring 160-600 mL 3000 (210) 350 120-1214760Q-4774Q Self Sealing 160-600 mL 3000 (210) 225 122-1234651-4653 High Pressure 250-1000 mL 6000 (420) 600 1094605-4626 High Pressure 600-1200 mL 5000 (350) 350 1074601-4622 Split Ring 1000-2000 mL 1900 (130) 350 1054601Q-4622Q Self Sealing 1000-2000 mL 1900 (130) 225 1064681-4684 High Pressure 1000-1800 mL 6000 (420) 600 1154661-4664 Split Ring 1 & 2 gallon 1900 (130) 350 1114661Q-4666Q Self Sealing 1 & 2 gallon 1900 (130) 225 1114671-4674 High Pressure 1 & 1.5 gallon 3000 (210) 600 1134676-4679 Split Ring 2.6 & 5 gallon 1900 (210) 350 117

➥

103Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Non-Stirred Reactors

Index to Non-Stirred Vessel DesignFeatures, Options and Accessories

Reference PagePrimary Accessories

Heaters 128Temperature Controllers 90-99Gage Block Assemblies 127Valves and Fittings 130-131

OptionsGasket Systems 20-21Materials of Construction 9-12Pressure Gages 74Rupture Disc 74Certification 14-15

Accessories*Liners 79Pressure Hoses 79Check Valves 77Liquid Pipettes 77Gas Filling Systems 77

* May require modifications of vessel to install

Parr General Purpose Vessels with Volumes from 22 to 2000 mL

Available accessories include heaters, temperature controllers, valves, gage block assemblies, and gas filling hoses


Selection Procedure

➥


Series 4600-4620 General Purpose Vessels—600 to 2000 mL

T hese general purposepressure vessels (orbombs) are non-stirred

versions of the popular Series4520 and 4540 stirred reactors.With their unobstructed 3-1/4 or4 inch inside diameter, thesevessels are large enough to permit multiple attachments or openings into the head of the vessel, yet small enough to be conveniently handledwithout auxiliary equipment.They are available in all of thestandard materials ofconstruction currently offeredby Parr Instrument Company.

In the following three charts,the specifications for eachvessel size are listed with threedifferent head styles: a blankhead, a head with a threaded“B” socket, and a head with a“B” socket and an installedthermowell (TW). These arestandard heads which are

usually customized to a user’sneeds by adding a 4317 GageBlock Assembly and/or additional openings for inlet oroutlet valves, safety reliefvalves, rupture discs, thermo-wells, dip tubes, electrical leadsand similar fittings.

As shown in the first twocharts, the 1000 and 2000 mLvessels are now offered with achoice of either a flat, PTFEgasket for operating tempera-tures to 350˚ C or a self-sealingO-ring (FKM) seal for operatingtemperatures to 225˚ C.

The 4605, 4615, 4625 and4606, 4616, 4626 Vessels listedin the third specification tableare new additions to the Parrline. These have the sameoutside dimensions as thestandard 4600 Series, butsmaller internal volumes which make them suitable forhigher operating pressures to5000 psi (350 bar) at tempera-tures to 350˚ C.

4622Q General Purpose Vessel, 2000 mL, with 4317 Gage Block in 4913 Heater with 4842 Temperature Controller


Type:General Purpose

Sizes: 600-2000 mL

Maximum Operating Pressure1900-5000 psi (130-350 bar)



➥

➥105

Model Number 4601 4611 4621 4602 4612 4622

Series 4600-4620 Pressure Vessel Specifications—Continued next page

KEY

Indicates

Specifications that

change within model

numbers

Indicates

Specifications that

are common within

model numbers

4601— 1000 mL Vessel with Blank Head Cross Section 4601-4622

Sizes, mL 1000 2000


Maximum Temperature ˚C 350


Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:

Opening Blank B Socket “B” & TW Blank B Socket “B” & TW

Thermowell No No Yes No No Yes

Heater:

Catalog Number 4913

Wattage 1500

Style Calrod

Mounting Bench Top

Maximum Head Openings 6-10

Recommended Gage Block 4317


Series 4600-4620

Reactors and Pressure Vessels — Non-Stirred Reactors

➥


Series 4600-4620 General Purpose Vessels—1000 to 2000 mL Continued

4622Q— 2000 mL Vessel with 4317 GageBlock Assembly and Thermowell

Model Number 4601Q 4611Q 4621Q 4602Q 4612Q 4622Q

Series 4600-4620 Pressure Vessel Specifications, Continued

KEY

Indicates

Specifications that

change within model

numbers

Indicates

Specifications that

are common within

model numbers

Cross Section 4601Q-4622Q

Sizes, mL 1000 2000



Closure (Cap Screws) Split-Ring (None)

Gasket O-ring - FKM

Vessel Dimensions




Head Style:

Opening Blank B Socket B Socket “B”&TW B Socket “B”&TW


Heater

Catalog Number 4913

Wattage 1500

Style Calrod

Mounting Bench Top




Series 4600-4620

➥

➥


Model Number 4605 4615 4625 4606 4616 4626

Series 4600-4620 Pressure Vessel Specifications, Continued

Cross Section 4605-4626

Sizes, mL 600 1200




Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:

Opening Blank B Socket “B” & TW Blank B Socket “B” & TW


Heater:

Catalog Number 4913

Wattage 1500

Style Calrod

Mounting Bench Top




Series 4600-4620

4605— 600 mL Vessel with 4317 Gage Block Assembly & TC

➥


Series 4650 High Temperature/HighPressure Vessels—250 to 1000 mL

T hese 2-1/2 inch ID, non-stirred pressure vesselsare intended for applica-

tions requiring either operatingtemperatures to 600° C or oper-ating pressures to 6000 psi.They have been used forhydrothermal studies, crystalgrowth, solid state chemicalreactions, geological simula-tions, corrosion studies, andother reactions and investiga-tions which require the higherpressures and temperaturescapabilities provided by thesevessels.

A split ring with eight capscrews develops the sealingforce on the flexible graphitegasket used for these hightemperatures. Gaskets of PTFE can be substituted for the graphite gaskets for tests

that would not exceed 350° C. These vessels are available inall of the standard materials of construction currently offered by Parr.

The standard head for thesevessels includes a 4317 GageBlock Assembly and an internalthermowell. These vessels canalso be customized by installingadditional inlets, outlets, elec-trical leads and similar fittings.

As noted in the section ofthis catalog on Pressure and

Temperature Limits, maximumallowable operating pressurescan change significantly attemperatures above 350° C. For specific pressure limits atspecific operating temperaturesplease consult with the ParrTechnical Representatives.

As shown in the accompa-nying table, custom heaters areavailable for these high temper-ature vessels.

4652 High Pressure Vessel, 500 mL, in 4923 Heater with 4842 Temperature Controller

Series Number:4650

Type:High Temperature/High Pressure

Sizes: 250-1000 mL




➥


Model Number 4651 4652 4653

Series 4650 Pressure Vessel SpecificationsKEY

Indicates

Specifications that

change within model

numbers

Indicates

Specifications that

are common within

model numbers


Sizes, mL 250 500 1000

Max. Pres. at 350˚, psi (bar) 6000 (410)


Max. Pres. at Max. Temp, psi (bar) 4200 (290) 4000 (275)


Gasket Flat - FG

Vessel Dimensions:


Inside Depth, inches 3.25 6.63 13.13

Weight of Vessel, pounds 30 36 48

Head Style:

Opening B Socket

Thermowell Yes

Heater:

Catalog Number 4923

Wattage 1500

Style Calrod

Mounting Bench Top

Maximum Head Openings 6

Recommended Gage Block 4317 Included


Series 4650

4651— 250 mL Vessel with 4317 Gage Block Assembly

➥


Series 4660 General Purpose Vessels—1 & 2 Gallon

T hese general purposepressure vessels are non-stirred versions of

the popular 1 and 2 gallonstirred reactors. With theirunobstructed 6 inch insidediameter, these vessels arelarge enough to permit multipleattachments or openings intothe head of the vessel, yetsmall enough to be conve-niently handled withoutauxiliary equipment. Generallyvalves, gages, and rupturediscs are attached directly tothe vessel head instead of using one of the gage blockassemblies.

These vessels are nowoffered with a choice of either a flat, PTFE gasket for operatingtemperatures to 350° C or aself-sealing O-ring seal foroperating temperatures to 225° C. They are available in all of the standard materials of construction currentlyoffered by Parr.

Specifications for each vesselsize are listed with two differenthead styles: a blank head and ahead with valves and gage. The “valves and gage” head isfitted with separate inlet andoutlet valves, a pressure gage,a 1/2 inch diameter safetyrupture disc and a thermowellsized to the depth of the vessel.The other option, a blank head,simply serves as a starting

point for a customizedassembly. Inlet and outletvalves, a safety relief valve,rupture discs, thermowells, diptubes, electrical leads and otherfittings can be added to a blankhead to adapt these vessels to a user’s needs.

Electric heaters are availablefor these vessels, as shown inthe specification tables.

4666Q General Purpose Vessel, 2 Gallon, in 4929 Heater with 4842 Temperature Controller

Series Number:4660


Sizes: 1 & 2 Gallon

Maximum Operating Pressure1900 (130 bar)



➥


Model Number 4661 4662 4665 4666 4661Q 4662Q 4665Q 4666Q

Series 4660 Pressure Vessel Specifications

4662Q— 1 Gallon Vessel with Two Valves, Gage, Thermowell and O-Ring



Sizes, Gallon (Liter) 1 (3.75) 1 (3.75) 2 (7.5) 2 (7.5) 1 (3.75) 1 (3.75) 2 (7.5) 2 (7.5)


Maximum Temperature ˚C 350 225

Closure (Cap Screws) Split-Ring (10) Split-Ring (None)

Gasket Flat - PTFE O-Ring - FKM

Vessel Dimensions:


Inside Depth, inches 8.6 8.6 17.2 17.2 8.6 8.6 17.2 17.2


Head Style:

Opening Blank Valves & Gage Blank Valves & Gage Blank Valves & Gage Blank Valves & Gage

Thermowell No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes

Heater:

Catalog Number 4928 4928 4929 4929 4928 4928 4929 4929

Wattage 2250 2250 3750 3750 2250 2250 3750 3750

Style Calrod

Mounting Floor Stand



Series 4660

4662— 1 Gallon Vessel with Two Valves, Gage, Thermowell and Flat Gasket

➥


Series 4670 High Temperature/HighPressure Vessels—1 to 1.5 Gallon

T hese high pressure/hightemperature pressurevessels are non-stirred

versions of the Series 4580, 1 and 1-1/2 gallon, StirredReactors. As non-stirred vesselsthey provide operating temper-atures to 600° C, and operatingpressures between 2200 psi and 3000 psi depending uponthe operating temperature. They provide an unobstructed5-1/2 inch inside diameter.

These vessels are normallyfurnished with a flat, flexiblegraphite head gasket that canbe used for the full operatingtemperature range to 600° C.These can be replaced with aflat, PTFE gasket for operationsconducted at temperaturesbelow 350° C. These Series4670 vessels are available in allof the standard materials ofconstruction currently offered

by Parr, although many of thesealloys will restrict the maximumpressure and temperature limitsof the design.

As with other large diametervessels, the valves and fittingson these Series 4670 vesselsare usually mounted directly onthe head of the vessel insteadof using a gage block assembly.

The “valves and gage” configu-ration listed in the specificationtable provides separate severeservice inlet and outlet valves, a pressure gage, a 1/2 inchdiameter safety rupture discand a thermowell. The listedblank head can be customizedto match a user’s needs. Electricheaters designed for use withthese vessels are available aslisted.

4674 High Pressure/High Temperature, 1-1/2 Gallon in 4934 Heater with 4842 Temperature Controller

Series Number:4670


Sizes: 1 to 1.5 Gallon




➥


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4672— 3750 mL. High Pressure/High Temperature Vessel Disassembled

Model Number 4671 4672 4673 4674



Sizes, mL 3750 5800

Max. Pres. at 350˚C, psi (bar) 3000 (207)


Max. Pres. at Max. Temp, psi (bar) 2200 (145)


Gasket Flat - FG

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:

Opening Blank Valves & Gage Blank Valves & Gage

Thermowell No Yes No Yes

Heater:

Catalog Number 4933 4934

Wattage 3000 3500

Style Ceramic




Series 4670

4672— 3750 mL High Pressure/High Temperature Vessel Assembled

➥


Series 4680 High Temperature/HighPressure Vessels—1 to 1.8 Liter

T hese high pressure/hightemperature pressurevessels are non-stirred

versions of the Series 4570,1000 and 1800 mL, StirredReactors. As unstirred vesselsthey provide operating temper-atures to 600° C, and operatingpressures between 4000 psi and6000 psi depending upon theoperating temperature. Theyhave an unobstructed 3-3/4 inchinside diameter.

These vessels are normallyfurnished with a flat, flexiblegraphite head gasket that canbe used over the full operatingtemperature range to 600° C.These can be replaced with aflat, PTFE gasket for operationsconducted at temperaturesbelow 350° C. These Series4680 vessels are available in allof the standard materials ofconstruction currently offered

by Parr, although many of thesealloys will restrict the maximumpressure and temperature limitsof the design.

The accompanying table listsonly two of many different headconfigurations which can beprovided on these vessels. Theblank head serves as a startingpoint for users who wish to

configure the head to their ownrequirements. The alternatelisting is for a head with a “B”socket for attaching a 4317Gage Block Assembly. A ther-mowell sized to the depth of thevessel is included. Additionalspace is available on the headfor attaching severe servicevalves or other fittings. Electricheaters for these vessels areavailable as listed in the specifi-cations table.

4681 High Temperature/High Pressure Vessel, 1000 mL, in 4931 Heater with 4842 Temperature Controller

Series Number:4680


Sizes: 1 to 1.8 Liter




➥


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Model Number 4680 4681 4682 4683



Sizes, mL 1000 1800

Max. Pres. 350 ˚C, psi (bar) 6000 (410)


Max. Pres. at Max. Temp, psi (bar) 4200 (290) 4000 (275)


Gasket Flat - FG

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:

Opening Blank B Socket Blank B Socket


Heater:

Catalog Number 4931 4932

Wattage 2300 2500

Style Ceramic Fiber





Series 4680

4681— 1000 mL High Pressure/High TemperatureVessel with Gage Block

➥


Series 4676 General Purpose Vessels—10 to 20 Liter

The Series 4676, 20 Litervessels with a 9-1/2 inchinside diameter are the

largest non-stirred pressurevessels in the Parr line. Vesselsof this size are almost alwaysmade to order for individualapplications. The 10 litervessels (Nos. 4678 and 4679)establish what we believe is alogical intermediate sizebetween the 7.5 liter (2 gal.)vessels in the 4660 Series andthe larger, 18.5 liter (5 gal.)vessels listed here. A number ofvessels in other sizes have beenproduced within the 5 gallonmaximum size range.

Specifications for each of thetwo Series 4676 vessel sizes arelisted with two different headstyles: a blank head and a headwith valves and gage. The“valves and gage” head is fittedwith separate inlet and outletvalves, a pressure gage, a 1/2 inch diameter safety rupturedisc and a thermowell sized to

the depth of the vessel. Theother option, a blank head,simply serves as a startingpoint for a customizedassembly. Inlet and outletvalves, safety ruptures discs,thermowells, dip tubes, elec-trical leads and other fittingscan be added to adapt thesevessels to a user’s needs.

The Series 4676 vessels arenon-stirred versions of the

vessels used in the 5 gallon,Series 4555 Stirred Reactors,and they are normally furnishedwith a support stand, lift systemand heater options designed forthe stirred reactor. All of the4676 vessels have split ringclosures with either PTFE orflexible graphite flat gaskets.

Vessels with the sameoutside dimensions as those inthe Series 4676 group have

4676 General Purpose, 18.5 Liter with Heater, and 4842 Temperature Controller

Series Number:4676


Sizes: 10 to 20 Liter




➥


Model Number 4676 4677 4678 4679


4679, 18.5 L Vessel with Valves, Gage, and Thermowell

KEY

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been produced for operatingpressures to 5000 psi (350 bar)and temperatures to 500° C.The heavier constructionrequired for these highpressure/high temperaturedesigns reduces the internalvolume of the vessel to a valuesomewhat less than thenominal sizes. Inquiries forthese and other vessels withinthe 18.5 Liter size range shouldbe directed to the Parr Technical Staff.


Sizes Gallon (Liter) 5 (18.5) 2.6 (10)




Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:


Inside Depth, inches 17.2

Weight of Vessel, pounds 250

Head Style:

Opening Blank Valves & Gage Blank Valves & Gage


Heater: As Required

Style Ceramic




Series 4676➥


Series 4750 General Purpose Vessels—125 to 200 mL

T hese are the smallest Parrgeneral purpose vesselswith a split-ring closure.

They are made in 125 mL and200 mL sizes with a 1-1/2 inchinside diameter and a highdepth to diameter ratio. Theyare intended for users whorequire a deep vessel with asmall volume, particularly fortests involving long, slendersamples. It should be noted,however, that if a user canaccept a vessel with a 2-1/2 inchinside diameter as offered inthe 4760 Series, one of the 4760vessels may be less expensivethan the smaller diameter, 4750model because it is made inlarger quantities and in moremachinable configurations.

The Series 4750 vessels havesix cap screws in the split ringsections which develop thesealing force on a flat PTFEgasket. They are available in all

of the materials of constructioncurrently offered by Parr, withthe same three head styles asthe 4760 vessels. Again,because of the limited headspace on these small diametervessels, users who want to addadditional openings will find theSeries 4760 vessels a betterstarting point.

These small vessels arenormally heated in ovens,furnaces, baths or similargeneral purpose heatingdevices. A standard heater isnot available.


and Thermocouple

4751— 125 mL Vessel with A281HC Coupling

and A122VB Valve

Series Number:4750


Sizes: 125-200 mL




➥


Model Number 4750 4751 4752 4753 4754 4755


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Sizes, mL 125 200




Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:

Opening Blank A Socket A Socket Blank A Socket A Socket


Heater: Not Available




Series 4750

4750— 125 mL Vessel with Blank Head

➥



These general purpose pressurevessels (or bombs) are non-stirred versions of the popular

mini stirred reactors. With theirunobstructed 2-1/2 inch insidediameter, these vessels are largeenough to permit multiple attach-ments or openings into the head ofthe vessel, yet small enough to beconveniently handled withoutauxiliary equipment.

These vessels are now offeredwith a choice of either a flat, PTFEgasket for operating temperatures to350° C or a self-sealing O-ring sealfor operating temperatures to 225° C.

They are available in all of thestandard materials of constructioncurrently offered by Parr.

Specifications for each vessel sizeare listed with three different headstyles: a blank head, a head with athreaded “A” socket, and a head withan “A” socket and a thermocoupleinstalled. These are standard headswhich are usually customized to auser’s needs by adding a 4316 GageBlock Assembly and/or additionalopenings for inlet or outlet valves,safety relief valves, rupture discs,thermowells, dip tubes, electricalleads and similar fittings.

Model Number 4760 4761 4766 4762 4763 4767

Series 4760-4774 Pressure Vessel Specifications, w/ PTFE Flat Gasket

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Sizes, mL 300 450




Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:



Heater:

Catalog Number A865HC A865HC2

Wattage 400 590

Style Mantle

Mounting Bench Top





Sizes: 160-600 mL


Maximum Operating Temperature225˚ C w/ FKM O-Ring350˚ C w/ PTFE Flat Gasket


➥


Model Number 4764 4765 4768 4772 4773 4774


Sizes, mL 600 160




Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:



Heater:

Catalog Number A865HC3 A865HC11

Wattage 400 500

Style Mantle Clamp-on

Mounting Bench Top




Series 4760-4774

4768 General Purpose Vessel with Heater and Controller

➥


4761— 300 mL Vessel with A281HCCoupling and A122VB Valve



Series 4760Q-4774Q Pressure Vessel Specifications w/ FKM O-Ring

Sizes, mL 300 450




Gasket O-ring - FKM

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:



Heater:

Catalog Number A865HC A865HC2

Wattage 400 590

Style Mantle

Mounting Bench Top




Series 4760Q-4774Q Series 4760Q-4774Q General PurposeVessels—160 to 600 mL Continued

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Sizes, mL 600 160




Gasket O-ring - FKM

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:



Heater:

Catalog Number A865HC3 A865HC11

Wattage 780 500

Style Mantle Clamp-on

Mounting Bench Top




Series 4760Q-4774Q

4768Q— 600 mL Vessel with 4316 Gage Block Assembly and Thermocouple

➥



T hese are the smallest of theParr General Purpose PressureVessel. They have a 1 inch

inside diameter and are offered intwo different lengths with volumes of 22 and 45 mL.

These vessels have a flat PTFE orflexible graphite gasket that is sealedwith a screw cap. Special wrenchesand bench sockets are offered fortightening these closures. The screwcaps and bodies are made in brass or alloy steel. The brass parts can beused to 250° C and the steel closurescan be used to 300° C. The maximumworking pressure is 1700 psi (115bar) for either closure material. Thestandard material of construction for

these small, inexpensive vessels isType 304 Stainless Steel, but they arealso available in all of the currentmaterials of construction Parrprovides.

There is room for a single openingon the head of these vessels. This isgenerally an “A” socket which willaccept a 4316 Gage Block Assembly.Blank heads and heads with 1/8 inchor 1/4 inch NPT female sockets arealso available.

These vessels are normally heatedin ovens, baths, or similar generalpurpose heating devices. Specialheaters for these vessels are notavailable from Parr.

4712— Vessel with 4316 Gage Block

assembly

7AC7

7AC11

7AC8

21AC4

A22AC3

No. 7AC7 This is the standard cover for vessels whichrequire attached fittings. It has a type “A” threadedsocket which will accept a 4316 gage block assembly, oran A122VB needle valve with an A281HC adapter.

No. 7AC11 This is the standard cover for vessels whichare to be used without attachments. It is a flat, blankcover with no openings.

No. 7AC8 This is a special cover, similar to No. 7AC7, butdrilled and threaded for a 1/4" NPT pipe thread.

Several Cover Styles

4711Vessel with 7AC11 Cover



Sizes: 22-45 mL




➥


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Model Number 4701 4702 4711 4712 4703 4704 4713 4714

Series 4701-14 Screw Cap Vessel Specifications


Sizes, mL 22 22 45 45 22 22 45 45

Max. Pres. at 350 ˚C, psi (bar) 1700 (115)

Maximum Temperature ˚C 250 300

Closure (Cap Screws) Screw Cap-Brass Screw Cap-Steel

Gasket Flat - PTFE

Vessel Dimensions:


Inside Depth, inches 1.6 1.6 3.8 3.8 1.6 1.6 3.8 3.8


Head Style:

Opening Blank A Socket Blank A Socket Blank A Socket Blank A Socket

Thermowell Not Available

Heater Not Available


Recommended Gage Block NA 4316 NA 4316 NA 4316 NA 4316

Recommended Wrench 21AC4

Recommended Bench Socket A22AC3


Series 4701-14

4702— Vessel with A281HC Couplingand A122VB Valve

➥


Series 4740 General Purpose Vessels—21 to 71 mL

T hese are the smallest of Parr’s highpressure, high temperature vessels.They have a 1 inch inside diameter

and offer volumes of 21 or 71 mL.These vessels are closed with an alloy

steel screw cap which carries six cap screwsto develop the sealing force on a flat, flexiblegraphite gasket. Interchangeable PTFE gaskets are also available for users who need the high pressure capabilities providedby these vessels, but who do not need tooperate above 350° C. These vessels are available in all of the standard materials currently offered by Parr, although many ofthese materials will restrict the maximum pressures and temperatures available.

Because of their small size and the natureof these vessels, they are normally heated ina furnace or similar general purpose heatingdevice. When equipped with the standardhigh strength steel screw cap, the maximumtemperature and pressure ratings will beseverely limited if the screw cap is heateddirectly as well as the body of the vessel.Special high temperature alloys are availablefor users who wish to heat these vessels in afurnace and take advantage of the full design,temperature and pressure limits.

Only one head opening is available forthese vessels. It is designed to accept the4316 Gage Block Assembly. Extended

4740— 71 mL Vessel

4742— 21 mL Vesselwith 4316 Gage Block

Assembly4740— 71 mL Vessel

with 4316 Gage BlockAssembly

Series Number:4740


Sizes: 21-71 mL




Model Number 4740 4742

Series 4740 High Pressure Vessel Specifications

Sizes, mL 71 21

Max. Pres. at 350˚ C, psi (bar) 8500 (585)


Max. Pres. at Max. Temp, psi (bar) 1850 (125)

Closure (Cap Screws) Screw Cap (6)

Gasket Flat

Vessel Dimensions:




Head Style:

Opening A Socket

Thermowell No

Heater Not Available



connection tubes are available tokeep the gage block away fromthe hot zone within a furnace.The bottom of the vessel can be

fitted with a second opening forusers who wish to install aninternal thermocouple or addi-tional inlet or outlet.


advantage ofbehaving likea unionfitting,allowing thegage block,connectingtube or hose to remain stationary while the nut istightened to close the joint.

Parr coned pressure fittings are made in two sizes,identified as types “A” and “B”, for 1/4 inch and 3/8 inch tubing, respectively.


P arr gage block assem-blies combine the func-tions of an inlet valve, a

pressure gage and a safetyrupture disc in a compactassembly which can beattached to the head of anypressure vessel with a singleconnecting tube. There is athreaded socket in the block fora gas connection with apressure hose or tubing using atype “A” coned pressure fitting.Coned fittings are also used onthe thick-walled tube whichconnects the block to thepressure vessel. The valve inthis assembly controls the gasflow into the vessel and thegage shows the pressure in thevessel when the valve is closed.An Alloy 600 rupture disc with aburst rating matched to thegage is installed in the block.

Two SizesThese gage block assemblies

are made in two styles whichdiffer only in the size of thepressure gage and the size of

the tube connection to thepressure vessel. The smaller4316 Gage Block Assemblyis usually furnished with a 3-1/2 inch diameter pressuregage and has a 3 inchconnecting tube with type “A”coned fitting. This assembly isnormally installed on smallerpressure vessels where space is limited.

The 4317 Gage BlockAssembly has a 4-1/2 inchdiameter gage and type “B”coned fitting on a 3 inchconnecting tube. Longer tubescan be furnished on specialorder.

The gage block, connectingtube and pressure gage on allof these assemblies arenormally made of type 316stainless steel, but they canalso be made of Alloy 400 onspecial order.

Ordering InformationPart No. Description4316 with Type “A” Connector4317 with Type “B” Connector

Gage Block Assemblies


Gages for Parr Pressure Vessels

Pressure Range 4-1/2" Diameter 3-1/2" Diameterpsi bar Gage Number Gage Number0-100 0-7 56HCPA 593HCP10-200 0-14 56HCPB 593HCP20-600 0-40 56HCPC 593HCP60-1000 0-70 56HCPD 593HCPD0-2000 0-140 56HCPF 593HCPF0-3000 0-210 56HCPG 593HCPG0-5000 0-350 56HCPH 593HCP500-10000 0-700 56HCPK

Gage Blocks, pressure hoses and other parts thatare frequently removed from a pressure vesselare attached with a coned, socket type

connector. The male segment of a coned fittingconsists of a sleeve with a left-hand thread screwedonto a thick-walled tube, plus a compression nut tocomplete the assembly. When screwed into a matchingsocket these parts produce a rigid joint which willremain tight over a wide temperature and pressurerange, yet the joint can be made and broken repeatedlywithout destroying the sealing faces. No gasket orsealing tape is required. These fittings have the added

When ordering, specify the catalog number, pressuregage diameter and range.

Available GagesAny of the gages shown in the table

above can be installed on these gage blockassemblies.

4316 Gage Block Assembly

Tubing

NutSleeve

4317 Gage Block Assembly

5Attachments and Fittings


Type A BTube Size 1/4” 3/8”Thread (D) 9/16 -18 3/4 -16Bore (E) 3/32” 1/8”Nut No. 35HC 326HCSleeve No. 40HC 366HC

D

E


Electric heaters and auto-matic temperaturecontrollers are available

for all Parr non-stirred vesselswith an inside diameter of 2-1/2 inches and larger. Vesselssmaller than this are generallyheated in an oven, bath,furnace or similar generalpurpose heater. The heatersfurnished for non-stirredvessels are the same as theones furnished for the stirredversions of the same sizevessels. A full description of thedifferent types of heaters is

found on page 68. The catalognumber of the standard heaterdesigned for each of the non-stirred vessels is listed in thespecifications for each vessel.

Custom heaters are alsoavailable for these vesselswhen it is necessary to meetexplosion proof requirementsor accommodate installedwindows or fittings, or convertto steam or oil heating.

TemperatureControllers

The Series 4840 TemperatureControllers illustrated anddescribed in Chapter 4 of thiscatalog are recommended foruse with any of the non-stirredheaters. Special load handlingcircuitry must be included withthe 4676-4679 Vessels to handletheir high power loads. Unlessotherwise specified, thesecontrollers are designed for usewith Type J (iron-constantan)thermocouples.

Use with Heater No. Vessel Nos. Voltage Wattage Heater Style Heater MountingA865HCEB 4760, 4761 115 400 Rigid Mantle BenchA865HCEE 4766 230A865HC2EB 4762, 4763 115 590 Rigid Mantle BenchA865HC2EE 4767 230A865HC3EB 4764, 4765 115 780 Rigid Mantle BenchA865HC3EE 4768 2304913EB 4601 thru 115 1500 Sheathed Element Bench4913EE 4630 2304930EB 4601 thru 115 1500 Sheathed Element Floor Stand4930EE 4630 2304928EE 4661, 4662 230 2550 Sheathed Element Floor Stand4929EE 4665, 4666 230 3750 Sheathed Element Floor Stand4923EB 4651, 4652 115 1500 Sheathed Element Bench4923EE 2304926EE 4653 230 3000 Sheathed Element Bench4931EE 4680, 4681 230 2300 Ceramic Floor Stand4932EE 4682, 4683 230 2500 Ceramic Floor Stand4933EE 4671, 4672 230 3000 Ceramic Floor Stand4934EE 4673, 4674 230 3500 Ceramic Floor Stand

A865HC2 Rigid Heating Mantle with 4763 Vessel

4913 Sheathed Element Heater with a 4842 Temperature Controller

4928 Floor Stand Heater with 4842 Temperature Controller for 4661, 1 Gallon Vessel

Furnished also with Other Heaters as:4929 for 2 Gallon, 4662 Vessel4930 for Series 4601-30 Vessels4931-32 for Series 4680 Vessels4933-34 for Series 4670 Vessels

Vessel Heaters



Thermocouples

T emperature measure-ments in Parr reactorsand pressure vessels are

made with Type J (iron-constantan) thermocouples insealed metal probes of differentlengths. These can be insertedeither into a thermowellattached to the head of apressure vessel or, as in Parr“Mini” reactors, the bare probecan extend directly into thecavity without using a ther-mowell. When used alone, a 1/8 inch NPT opening and anA833HC thermocoupleconnector are required to sealthe probe into the head of thevessel.

A separable plug on the endof each probe allows the ther-mocouple to remain perma-nently attached to the head sothat it can stay in place whenthe head is removed from thevessel. The connection to a Parrtemperature controller is madewith an A470E2 extension wire.All probes have a 1/8 inch dia.,type 316 stainless steel sheathexcept those which are usedbare in special alloy reactors orwhere special corrosion resis-tance is required.

When selecting a thermo-couple, measure the depth ofthe thermowell in which it willbe used and select a probeapproximately 4 inches

longer than the depth of thewell. This will provide sufficientlength so that a smooth 90-degree bend can be made in the stem to permit a lateralconnection to the plug withminimum interference withother head fittings.

A472E Series thermocouplesare furnished only with astainless steel sheath. Forreactors made of materialsother than stainless steel, Parrprovides a thermowell made ofthe same alloy as the vessel.The stainless steel thermo-couple is then installed in thespecial alloy thermowell.

Ordering InformationOrders for a thermocouple

should specify the part number,stem length and sheath material.

If an A470E2 extension wireis required, this must be listedseparately.

A470E2Extension Wire

A472EThermocouple

Type J Thermocouples with 1/8" Diameter Stems

Part Number Stem Length Sheath MaterialA472E 7" T316 Stainless SteelA472E2 9" T316 Stainless SteelA472E3 11" T316 Stainless SteelA472E6 15" T316 Stainless SteelA472E5 21" T316 Stainless Steel



Tube Connectors and Plugs

Connectors for attaching apipe nipple or socket toseamless tubing are

available in several sizes and invarious alloys as listed below.

Tube connector with 1/8" NPTmale nipple for 1/4" OD tube

Part No. MaterialA92HWBB Brass, nickel platedA92HWAD T316 stainless steelA92HWCM Alloy 400A92HWCT Alloy 600A92HWCA TitaniumA92HWCG Alloy B-2A92HWCH Alloy C-276

Union coupling adaptersUnion coupling adapters for

connecting threaded fittings toany type “A” or type “B” conedsocket can be furnished in theseveral sizes listed below. Allare available in either T303stainless steel or Alloy 400.Specify material when ordering.

A281HC Union coupling, adds 1/8” NPTfemale socket to type “A” cone

A281HC2 Union coupling, adds 1/4” NPTfemale socket to type” A” cone

A281HC3 Union coupling, adds 1/8” NPTfemale socket to type “B” cone

A281HC5 Union coupling, adds 1/4” NPTfemale socket to type “B” cone

A281HC

A92HW

A121HW

A834HC

35HC 437HC

A281HC Couplingwith A122VB Valve

Tube connector with 1/8” NPTfemale socket for 1/4” ODtube:

Part No. MaterialA121HWBB Brass, nickel platedA121HWAD T316 stainless steelA121HWCM Alloy 400A121HWCT Alloy 600A121HWCA TitaniumA121HW2 Tube connector with 1/8” NPTfemale socket for 1/8” OD tube, type 316stainless steel

ConnectorsA834HC Tube connector with 1/8” NPTmale nipple for 3/16” OD tube, T316 stainless steel

A834HC2 Tube connector with 1/8” NPTmale nipple for 3/16” OD tube, BT,T316 stainless steel

A833HC Thermocouple connector, 1/8”NPT male nipple drilled for 1/8” OD tube,type 316 stainless steel (used to seal any1/8” OD sheathed thermocouple in a pressure vessel)

PlugsPlugs for closing type “A” or

type “B” coned sockets can befurnished in either T316stainless steel or Alloy 400. The437HC plug fits both “A” and“B” sockets but requires acompression nut to completethe closure.

437HC Plug (specify either 316SS or Alloy 400)35HC Compression nut for type “A” socket326HC Compression nut for type “B” socket



Small valves with forgedbodies and PTFE packingare offered in all of the

styles regularly used on Parrreactors and pressure vessels.Some are available in several

different alloys, or have fittingsfor attaching 1/4 inch ODtubing. Specify the valvenumber and body materialwhen ordering. T ank valves with couplings to fit

standard compressed gas cylindersare available in stainless steel for

corrosive gases and in nickel plated brassfor non-corrosive gases. The brass valveshave a 2-1/2 inch dia. pressure gage whichshows the tank pressure. Both styles have a1/4 inch NPT female outlet which willaccept any Pressure hose or gas tubeassembly.

Small Needle Valves for Pressure Vessel Service Manual Control Valves

for Compressed GasTanks

Body andValve No. Style Inlet Outlet Stem MaterialA122VB Straight 1/8" NPT(m) 1/8" NPT(m) T316 stainless steelA122VB2 Straight 1/4" tube 1/4" tube T316 stainless steelA129VB Straight 1/4" NPT(m) 1/4" tube T316 stainless steelA130VB Angle 1/4" NPT(m) 1/4" tube T316 stainless steelA131VB Angle 1/4" NPT(m) 1/4" NPT(m) T316 stainless steelA132VB Ball Valve 3/8" NPT(f) 3/8" NPT(f) T316 stainless steelA133VB Straight with 1/8" NPT(m) 1/8" NPT(m) T316 stainless steel

Regulating StemA143VB Ball Valve 1/4" NPT(f) 1/4" NPT(f) T316 stainless steelA146VB Angle 1/8" NPT(m) 1/8" NPT(m) T316 stainless steelA147VB Straight 1/4" NPT(m) 1/4" NPT(m) T316 stainless steelA279VBAD Angle 3/8" NPT(m) 3/8" NPT(m) T316 stainless steelA278VBAD Straight 3/8” NPT(m) 3/8” NPT(m) T316 stainless steel

A146VB

A122VB2

A120VBPP

A120VBPR

A122VB

A131VB

A129VB A143VB

T303 Stainless Steel Valves-No Gage

Fits CGA TankValve No. Outlet No. Typical UsageA120VBPN 510 Propane, butane,

ethylene oxide

A120VBPP 660 Chlorine, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide

Nickel-Plated Brass Valves With CylinderPressure Gage

Fits CGA TankValve No. Outlet No. Typical UsageA120VBPQ 320 carbon dioxide,

methyl bromide

A120VBPR 350 hydrogen, carbonmonoxide, ethylene

A120VBPS 540 oxygen

A120VBT 580 nitrogen, argon, helium

A120VBPU 590 air

Note: Can be furnished with DIN/BSP connections on special order



PTFE Lined Vessels

Parr offers a broadselection of PTFE linedvessels for use in proce-

dures involving highly corrosivemedia. Although these vesselsare used primarily fordissolving analytical samples instrong mineral acids, they alsooffer an attractive alternative tometal pressure vessels forprocedures involving corrosivemedia. They make excellentcontainers for corrosion and/orcompatability tests at tempera-tures well above atmosphericboiling points. Three of theprincipal models are describedhere. For additional designs and

technical information, pleaserefer to Parr Bulletin 4700.

Unique ParrDesigns

In each of these vessels thecharge is held in a thick-walled,chemically resistant PTFE liner,completely isolated from thesupporting metal body. Tomaintain this arrangementthese vessels are only offeredas simple closed systems. Novalves, gages or other attach-ments which would requirepenetration through the PTFEliner are available. But each ofthese vessels has a unique

4749 General Purpose Vessel

4749 General Purpose Vessel23 mLMaximum temperature 250° CMaximum pressure 1800 psig

This vessel was developed to provide asmall vessel suitable for handling the vaporpressure normally expected from acidsystems at temperatures up to 250° C. Thevessel is 8.45 cm high overall with a 2.64cm ID PTFE liner, 4.37 cm deep. The vesselis sealed by tightening the closure cap witha 264AC2 Hook Spanner Wrench whileholding the body in an A285AC HoldingFixture. These accessories are not includedwith the 4749 Vessel and must be orderedseparately. Replacement PTFE Liners areavailable as Part No. A280AC.

safety blow-out featuredesigned by Parr to protect thevessel from unexpected over-pressure.

While the broad chemicalresistance of PTFE is ideal forthis application, PTFE expandsand contracts more thanstainless steel when it is heatedand cooled, and it will flowunder pressure. To counteractthese tendencies, Parr PTFElined vessels have a uniquespring-loaded closure whichwill continue to maintainpressure on the liner sealthroughout the operating cycle.

Cross Section 4749

5SpecialPurposePressureVessels

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This vessel is identical to the 4749 Vesselbut with a 2.64 cm ID PTFE liner, 9.50 cmdeep. The overall height is 13.53 cm. It alsorequires a 264AC2 Hook Spanner Wrenchand an A285AC Holding Fixture.Replacement PTFE Liners are available asPart No. A280AC2.




This is the largest of all Parr PTFE lined vessels. It has a broad, flangedclosure which is sealed by tightening sixcap screws in the closure cap. The vessel is 15.2 cm high overall, with a Teflon liner4.45 cm ID, 8.25 cm deep. ReplacementPTFE Liners are available as Part No. A305AC.

Cross Section 4744

Cross Section 4748

5SpecialPurposePressureVessels

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134

Warranty

Parr Instrument Company (Parr) combustion vessels, calorimeters, reactors, pressure vessels and associatedproducts are designed and manufactured only for use by or under the direct supervision of trained professionals inaccordance with specifications and instructions for use supplied with the products. For that reason, Parr sells onlyto professional users or distributors to such users. Parr produces precision equipment and associated productswhich are not intended for general commercial use.

Exclusive Warranty. To the extent allowed by law, the express and limited warranties herein are the sole warranties. Any implied warranties are expressly excluded, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

Warranty Conditions:1. Non-assignable. The warranties herein extend only to the original purchaser-user and to the distributors to

such users. These warranties or any action or claims based thereon are not assignable or transferable.2. Use of product. The warranties herein are applicable and enforceable only when the Parr product: (a) is

installed and operated in strict accordance with the written instructions for its use provided by Parr, (b) is beingused in a lawful manner, (c) has been stored or maintained in accordance with written instructions provided byParr, or if none were provided, has been stored and maintained in a professionally reasonable manner.

3. The user’s responsibility. Parr engineers and sales personnel will gladly discuss available equipment andmaterial options with prospective users, but the final responsibility for selecting a reactor, pressure vessel or combustion vessel which has the capacity, pressure rating, chemical compatibility, corrosion resistance and designfeatures required to perform safely and to the user’s satisfaction in any particular application or test must restentirely with the user - not with Parr. It is also the user’s responsibility to install the equipment in a safe operatingenvironment and to train all operating personnel in appropriate safety, operational and maintenance procedures.

4. Warranty period. Unless otherwise provided in writing by Parr, the warranties herein are applicable for a period of one year from date of delivery of the product to the original purchaser/user. Note, however, that there isno guarantee of a service life of one year after delivery.

5. Notification. To enforce any express warranty created herein, the purchaser/user must notify Parr in writingwithin thirty (30) days of the date any defect is detected. Upon request of Parr, the part or product involved mustbe returned to Parr in the manner specified by Parr for analysis and non-destructive testing.

Express Warranties.Subject to the above conditions, Parr expressly warrants that its products:1. Are as described in the applicable Parr sales literature, or as specified in Parr shipping documents.2. Will function as described in corresponding Parr sales bulletins or, for specially engineered assemblies, as

stated in the sales proposal and purchase agreement.3. Will remain free from defects in materials and workmanship for the Warranty Period.

Limitations on the Parr Warranty.As to the original purchaser/user and to the distributors to such users, Parr limits its liability for claims other

than personal injury as follows:1. Replacement or repair. With respect to express warranties herein, Parr’s only obligation is to replace or repair

any parts, assemblies or products not conforming to the warranties provided herein.2. Disclaimer of consequential damages. In no event shall Parr be liable for consequential commercial damages,

including but not limited to: damages for loss of use, damages for lost profits, and damages for resulting harm toproperty other than the Parr product and its component parts.

Indemnity and Hold Harmless.Original purchaser-user agrees to indemnify and hold Parr harmless for any personal injuries to original

purchaser-user, its employees and all third parties where said injuries arise from misuse of Parr products or use notin accordance with specifications and instructions for use supplied with the Parr products.

ion • Alloy Designation • Pressure and TempeTÜV, CSA, ISO 9001, CE • Magnetic Drives • Ses• Standard Reactor Fittings • Options • Bencench Top Reactors • Floor Stand Reactors • Hn Proof Apparatus • Stirring Motors and Drivekets • Condensers • Safety Rupture Discs • Pils • Solids Charging Systems • Liquid ChargiValves • Performance Under Pressure • BombKits • Windows • Insulated Electrical Leads • T• External Valves, Gages and Fittings • Labor

p and Soak Controllers • Cascade Controllers t Analog Output • Communications • Solenoioned Pressure Fittings • Vessel Heaters • TubMaterials of Construction • Alloy Designation• Certification • ASME, TÜV, CSA, ISO 9001,

ets & Seals • Mounting Styles• Standard Reacench Top Mini Reactors • Bench Top Reactorsrature Reactors • Explosion Proof Apparatus

Parr Instrument Company211 Fifty-Third Street

Moline, Illinois 61265 USAPhone: 1-309-762-7716 or 1-800-872-7720

Fax: 1-309-762-9453E-mail: [email protected]://www.parrinst.com

Catalog 4500 15000 0398 Printed in USA

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Preesure Vessel Catalogue

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