Carrying Capacity—level of use a resource can support indefinitely.

• CC= 100 animals10 shepherds x 10 animals = 100 animals.

Carrying Capacity—level of use a resource can support indefinitely.

• CC= 100 animals10 shepherds x 10 animals = 100 animals.

Suppose flocks are private, while land is communal. What happens?

Carrying Capacity—level of use a resource can support indefinitely.

• CC= 100 animals10 shepherds x 10 animals = 100 animals.

Suppose flocks are private, while land is communal. What happens?

At CC, each animal worth $1.

Carrying Capacity—level of use a resource can support indefinitely.

• CC= 100 animals10 shepherds x 10 animals = 100 animals.

Suppose flocks are private, while land is communal. What happens?

At CC, each animal worth $1.Individual flock = 10 animals x $1 = $10

Carrying Capacity—level of use a resource can support indefinitely.

• CC= 100 animals10 shepherds x 10 animals = 100 animals.

Suppose flocks are private, while land is communal. What happens?

At CC, each animal worth $1.Individual flock = 10 animals x $1 = $10Total flock’s value = 100 sheep x $1 = $100

Suppose a shepherd decides to experiment with adding extra animal. What happens?

Suppose a shepherd decides to experiment with adding extra animal. What happens?

Total flock value = 101 sheep x $ 0.95 = $95.95

Suppose a shepherd decides to experiment with adding extra animal. What happens?

Total flock value = 101 sheep x $ 0.95 = $95.95Individual flock’s = 11 sheep x $ 0.95 = $10.45

Suppose a shepherd decides to experiment with adding extra animal. What happens?

Total flock value = 101 sheep x $ 0.95 = $95.95Individual flock’s = 11 sheep x $ 0.95 = $10.45

And therein lies the commons’ tragic fate.

Suppose a shepherd decides to experiment with adding extra animal. What happens?

Total flock value = 101 sheep x $ 0.95 = $95.95Individual flock’s = 11 sheep x $ 0.95 = $10.45

And therein lies the commons’ tragic fate.100% of benefit of adding sheep is internal.

Suppose a shepherd decides to experiment with adding extra animal. What happens?

Total flock value = 101 sheep x $ 0.95 = $95.95Individual flock’s = 11 sheep x $ 0.95 = $10.45

And therein lies the commons’ tragic fate.100% of benefit of adding sheep is internal.90% of cost of adding sheep is external.

Advantages of Communal Ownership

Advantages of Communal Ownership

Risk Spreading

Advantages of Communal Ownership

Risk Spreading

Economies of Scale

Hutterite Advantages

Hutterite Advantages

1. Population Cap

Hutterite Advantages

1. Population Cap

2. Communal Dining & Worship

Hutterite Advantages

1. Population Cap

2. Communal Dining & Worship

3. Ban On Birth Control

Features of Successful Communes

Features of Successful Communes

1. Small Scale

Features of Successful Communes

1. Small Scale

2. Local Custom, Not Distant Bureaucracy

Features of Successful Communes

1. Small Scale

2. Local Custom, Not Distant Bureaucracy

3. Not Open Access; Internalize Rewards

Features of Successful Communes

1. Small Scale

2. Local Custom, Not Distant Bureaucracy

3. Not Open Access; Internalize Rewards

4. Modest & Partial

IN AFRICA, THERE’S NO SUCH THING AS LETTING IT BE.

Humans decide how much room to leave for wildlife

How much they leave depends on how much they can afford to leave.

How much they can afford depends on whether wildlife helps them make a living.

Ecosystems evolve.

Ecosystems evolve. Cultures evolve. Something’s always being lost.

We’re trying to turn something wild into a potted plant, & potted plants need ongoing maintenance.

If you are trying to prove your heart is in right place, it isn’t