Well…um…well…I _ _ _ up about 6 o’clock in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Margaret and Tom and I eat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ together, and then I go to work. Every day I drive around the station in my truck. My truck’s old but it’s comfortable. Every day I look at my cattle. I _ _ _ _ at the bores too. I talk _ _ my men. There are twenty men here on “Katherine Downs”.I tell _ _ _ _ what to do. Sometimes the men muster the cattle and move _ _ _ _ to another part of the station.

• Reading is an active process of predicting what is likely to come next. You can predict (tell what will happen) successfully if you have good knowledge of English language and culture and familiarity with the subject matter which you are reading about. You can be a better reader if you predict while you are reading.

Predicting

Exercise 1

• Read the incomplete phrases below and complete them.

1. E _ _l _ s _ l _ n _ _ a _ _

2. G _ _ d k _ _ w _ _ d _ _

3. M _ t h _ _ _ t i _ _ p _ o b _ _ m s

4. C h _ _ _ c a l r _ _ c t _ _ n s

5. D _ _ f _ _ u _ t w _ _ d _

6. S_ _ en_ _fi _ r _ s _ _r_h

Exercise 2

Here are some unfinished sentences. Predict the kind ofinformation the next sentence will contain by choosing the most likely word or phrase from the alternatives listed.

1. Nuclear power plants must be carefully monitored so they do not emit harmful …a. radiationb. stimulationc. retentiond. impression

2. The earth receives ……. from the sun and the stars.a. rainfallb. gasc. waterd. light

3. The report was too long. The boss asked the secretary to ….. it so it wouldn’t be more than ten pages.a. condenseb. acquirec. wroted. proposed

Exercise 3

Pressure

Gases are made of atoms and (1) ………..,

which are in constant and rapid motion. The

atoms and molecules are constantly hitting

the walls of the gas container. In doing so

they exert pressure on the walls.

Exercise 3

Gases have no definite shape or (2) ………

The shape and volume of a gas depend on

its container. Compared with solids and

(3)……. , the molecules of a gas are

relatively far apart. Hence they can be (4)

……, or forced into a smaller space. But if

the volume of a gas is (5) …… its pressure

increases, because the molecules hit the

walls more often and more rapidly. Thus (6)

…… is in inverse proportion to volume.

• Students pay so much attention to difficult words in a text that they often fail to get the information they need. In this unit you will learn some techniques for dealing with difficult words.

Guessing Word Meaning

Read these sentences. The nonsense words

are all nouns. Choose the best word for

each nonsense word.

1. The teacher told us to read the kemei for homework. (a) newspaper (b) book

(c) magazines

2. Roy forgot his gome so his feet got wet in the rain. (a) coat (b) umbrella (c) boots

3. Tom did not close the goaji, so the room was very cold. (a) coat (b) window (c) book

Read these sentences. The nonsense words

are all verbs. Choose the best word for each

nonsense word.

1. Bill’s mother reswoks breakfast every morning. (a) plays (b) cooks (c) likes

2. Sometimes John is homesick, so he sallcs his mother in New York. (a) runs (b) calls (c) shouts

3. Dr. Anwar soocks to go fishing. (a) likes (b) plays (c) calls

Word Parts

pre- before

• The teacher gave us a test before we discussed the story.

• The teacher gave us a pretest.

over- in excess; too much

• They slept too long and were late for class.

• They overslept and were late for class.

-or the person or thing that does a certain action

• Sally operates a computer• Sally is a computer operator.

-y adjective, the existence or condition of (NOUN+-y=ADJECTIVE)

• We had a lot of rain last week.• We did not like the rainy weather.

-ness noun; the condition of (ADJECTIVE+-

NESS=NOUN)

• The little boy was very happy to win the game.

• Everyone there felt his happines.

Write the new words. Use the new word

parts that you learned.

1.… to pay for something before you received it.

2.… the machine that refrigerates food.

3.… sleep too long.

4.… a words that describes the weather when there are many clouds.

5.… eat too much.

Using Reference Words

• Writers do not like to use the same word many times. They often use other words which mean almost the same thing.

Pronouns

Sometimes pronouns are used instead of nouns.

They are small words, but they are very important

when you are reading. You will understand more if

you pay attention to pronouns.

He she it they we

you I them him her

these those

Example 1

• Mary Simms lives in New York city. She has an apartment near Central park. Mary jogs in the park. She thinks that jogging is good for her. So she jogs three times a week.

• All the underlined pronouns take the place of the noun. Mary Simms is called the referent.

Example 2

• Jogging is good for your health for a few reasons. It is especially good for your heart. If you do it a few days a week your heart will be stronger. It is also good for your legs. And many people believe it is good for your mind.

• All of the underlined pronouns take place of the noun. …………. is referent.

Sometimes pronouns can take the place of a group words.

ExampleThe Central park police officer often meets dangerous people. Some people go to the park to steal. Other people are there to sell drugs. And sometimes serious gun fights start in the park. The park police officer may meet any of these in the park.

Pronouns Referentsthese people who steal

people who sell drugspeople who start gunfights

Exercise 1

In these sentences, the pronouns are underlined. Write the referent.1. Running is not a new sport. People were doing

it hundreds of years ago.2. Every year there are many long races in many

parts of the world. Sport fans watch them on television.

3. Runners know that a good diet is important. They eat very healthy foods, especially before a race.

Exercise 2

In these passages, the pronouns are underlined. Write the referents.1. If you go to Central Park, you will see

joggers, dogs, and bicyclists. They are all part of life in the park.

2. Runners often wear special shoes, socks, and shirts. These are all important. But runners agree that shoes are the most important.

Exercise 3

The pronouns in this passage are

underlined. Write the referents.

A tornado is a very dangerous storm. It brings strong winds and it travels very fast. The strong winds can blow over cars, destroy houses and kill people. And this happens just in a few.

Exercise 4

1. Hellen Keller was deaf and blind. She could not speak until she was seven years old. But these problems did not stop her. She became a famous writer and teacher.

2. The wind of a tornado is strong. No one knows exactly how fast the wind is in the center. The wind always breaks the machines used for measuring it!

Exercise 5

Here are some collocations in English. How

many can you complete correctly?

1.Supply and ……… 6. shoes and ……

2.Positive and …….. 7. eat, drink, and ...

3.North pole and ….. 8. healthy, wealthy, and.

4.Advantages and … 9. doesn’t and …

5.Husband and ……. 10. needle and …

Exercise 6Read the following incomplete sentences

and complete them with one word or more

than one. Use the context to predict what

the missing words should be.

1.World population today …….. drastically.

2.Antibodies…. harmful bacteria.

3.Plants …. nitrates from the soil.

4.Lights enters the eye through …

5.Uranium is essential as a …. of a radio activity

Exercise 7

Read the sentences below. Then tell which

idea come next.

1.John and Alice Babson are not happy with the school in their town.

a. Their children love to go to school

b. The classes are very crowded

c. It is a beautiful building

Exercise 7 cont’

2. Boston is a nice place to live in, but New York city is more fun.

a. New York is a very dangerous city

b. There are many interesting things to do

in New York.

c. There are no good restaurants in New

York

Exercise 7 cont’

3. Fly Happy Time Airlines! Take an exciting trip to Holiday Island.

a. This trip is very expensive

b. Holiday Island has warm, sunny

weather

c. Happy Time Airlines is never on time

Exercise 7 cont’

4. “Eat at Joe’s Diner! We serve breakfast from 6 to 10”

a. No one likes breakfasts at Joe’s!

b. And the breakfast costs only $1.00!

c. The food is cold and the service is slow!

Any questions?

THANK YOU