Precision measurement of large mixing angles 12 and 23 Hisakazu Minakata Tokyo Metropolitan...
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![Page 1: Precision measurement of large mixing angles 12 and 23 Hisakazu Minakata Tokyo Metropolitan University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56649d495503460f94a25742/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Precision measurement of large Precision measurement of large mixing angles mixing angles 1212 and and 2323
Hisakazu MinakataHisakazu Minakata
Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo Metropolitan University
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
The last year: the
oscillatory behavior observed
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
oscillatory behavior has been seen!
KamLANDKamLAND
K2KK2K
SKSK
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Neutrino physics has entered into the new era of precision
measurement
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
MNS matrix and mass pattern
Neutrino mass hierarchies
• Left: “normal”
• Right: “inverted”
<= solar <= solar
Atm. =>Atm. =>
=Ui i=Ui i
There is the similar structure in quarks
There is the similar structure in quarks
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Suppose we have “standard model of flavor mixing” someday …
• Most likely, it unifies quarks and leptons• We may want to test the theory by comparing
mixing angles of quark and lepton sectors• Then, we recognize that our knowledge of 12 i
n quark and lepton sectors are not balanced:
(sin2C) = 1.4% <--> (sin2) ~ 10 %
• Why don’t we try to measure 12 to a comparable accuracy?
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Quark-lepton complementarity?
C+solar = 45.1o +/- 2.4o (1)
atm < 53.2o (CL)23
q < 2.5o (CL)23
q +atm = 47.4o +/- 8.3o (CL)
=> 2C and 2solar are
complementary => QLC
=> 2C and 2solar are
complementary => QLC
Thanks to all the solar & KamLAND experiments ==>
Thanks to all the solar & KamLAND experiments ==>
<=Really maximal?
<=Really maximal?
HM-Smirnov, Raidal 04
HM-Smirnov, Raidal 04
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Symmetry for maximal 23 and small 13?
• Some people speculate that nearly maximal 23 and small 13 might be due to a symmetry:
• Z2, A4, etc.
• Deviation from maximal 23 and 13 is connected
Grimus et al., Ma, Babu et al., Kubo et al. ……
Grimus et al., Ma, Babu et al., Kubo et al. ……
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
23 is even worse: present accuracy of determination of mixing angles
Maltoni-Schwetz-Tortola-Valle, NJP 04Maltoni-Schwetz-Tortola-Valle, NJP 04
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
How to determine these mixing angles accurately?
• I will concentrate on “tomorrow’s item” based on reactor & accelerator
• Entirely new possibilities may exist with neutrino factory and/or beam (?) => interesting question to examine
• I have supplementary slides if you ask questions on how to measure 13
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
12
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
The best way, so far, to determine 12
• SNO CC/NC measurement IS the measurement of sin212
Holanda-Smirnov 02
Holanda-Smirnov 02
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
12; current status
+/-12% error in sin212 (2D)
+/-12% error in sin212 (2D)
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Newest vs. next-to-new
est
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Where is the most sensitive place to 12 in
the world?
The answer:
In the solar and/or reactor spectra
The answer:
In the solar and/or reactor spectra
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Low-E solar spectrum measures sin2212
Nakahata NOON04Nakahata NOON04
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
measurement of 12 with reactor
HM, Nunokawa, Teves, Zukanovich-Funchal, hep-ph/0407326
HM, Nunokawa, Teves, Zukanovich-Funchal, hep-ph/0407326
SADO =Several-tens of km Antineutrino DetectOr
SADO =Several-tens of km Antineutrino DetectOr
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Where is the right place?
• Where is the right place for precision measurement of 12
• What is the most sensitive part of the probability to variation of 12?
• => First oscillation maximum! • => First oscillation maximum!
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Can you quantify
the statement
?
YES!YES!
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
KamLAND vs. SADO; verifying the principle
• Equalize the number of events without oscillation at KL and SADO
• Common systematic error 4 %
• Tuning to OM works !
Other 15 reactors included
Other 15 reactors included
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Systematic error
• Modest requirement on systematic error of 4% <= 6.5% of KL
• Feasible if volume error reduced and no spectrum cut at Eprompt=2.6 MeV
• Geo-neutrino “BG” must be taken care of
<== KamLAND<== KamLAND
We take 4%We take 4%
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Geo neutrinos in brief• It is expected that
about half of terrestrial heat of 40 TW comes from radioactivity in the earth
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Optimal baseline distance
• Without geo- the optimal distance can be as short as ~40km
• With geo- it is 50-70 km
• L < 50 km geo- starts to affect most important part of the spectrum
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Definition of 2
We will make comparison with two other definitions of 2
We will make comparison with two other definitions of 2
U:Th ratio fixed; Th = 83% of allU:Th ratio fixed; Th = 83% of all
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Where is the site for 12
experiment?
Mt. Komagatake!Mt. Komagatake!
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
We took SADO at Mt. Komagatake• SADO_single = d
etector at 50-70 km from a NPP at anywhere in the world
• SADO_multi = detector at ~1000 m below peak of Mt. Komagatake, 54 km from KK
For geo- we need to specify the location
For geo- we need to specify the location
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Sensitivity for 12; SADO_single
Whole 40 TW comes from radioactivity
Whole 40 TW comes from radioactivity
U:Th ratio fixed; Th = 83% of all
U:Th ratio fixed; Th = 83% of all
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Sensitivity for 12; SADO_multi
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Stable against changes of L and m2
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Does the result
depend on statistical treatment?
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Yes, I promised to check stability of the results
We will make comparison with two other definitionsWe will make comparison with two other definitions
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Dependence on definition of 2
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Can you surpass other
methods?YES definitely!YES definitely!
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Solar+KL and SADO are good competitors, but..
• “SADO” has better sensitivity with long-run because tuning L is powerful
2% (1) in sin212 reachable!
2% (1) in sin212 reachable!
Bahcall-Pena-GarayBahcall-Pena-Garay
<= NOW05 Proc.<= NOW05 Proc.
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Comparing SADO with the present accuracy
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Sensitivity; summary and comparison with solar + KamLAND
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Implications of precision measurement of 12
• Besides the ones for particle physics there are various implications:
• Observational solar astrophysics
dominant error of solar flux determination comes from 12!
• Better determination of geo-neutrino flux in KamLAND and others (to reduce error of reactor background)
• Neutrino factory measurement of
• CPT test• ……
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
23
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Does the same method apply
to 23 measurement?
YES and NOYES and NO
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Method of tuning to the oscillation maximum for sin2223 measurement
• position of the dip --> m213
• depth of the dip --> sin2223 <= 2 flavor analysis
<= 2 flavor analysis
1% level accuracy expected for sin2(223) (JPARC-SK, LOI)1% level accuracy expected for sin2(223) (JPARC-SK, LOI)
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
J-PARC vs. SK 80 yrs: sin2(223)
• position of the dip --> m213
• depth of the dip --> sin2223
Kajita, NOON2004Kajita, NOON2004
Better then SK 80 yrs !
Better then SK 80 yrs !
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Sensitivity of s223 is affected by Jacobian
and 23 degeneracy (s223)(s2
23)(sin2223)(sin2223)
1st octant assumed1st octant assumed
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
3 Flavor Effects?
+ 3 corrections prop. to
s132 √(1-sin2223)
m2solar / m2
atm
HM, Sonoyama, Sugiyama, hep-ph/0406073
HM, Sonoyama, Sugiyama, hep-ph/0406073
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
LBL and reactor experiments help but not so much…
e appearance or reactor do indeed help, but not too much -> 2 flavor result
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
How to improve
the accuracy of 23?
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
(1) Resolve 2-3 degeneracy by reactor-LBL experiments
• Rare chance for resolving (2323) degeneracy• If lucky, one may see CP & mass hierarchy
HM-Sugiyama-Yasuda-Inoue-Suekane, hep-ph/0211111HM-Sugiyama-Yasuda-Inoue-Suekane, hep-ph/0211111
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Future atmospheric may help
• Not an easy problem for both methods!Concha-Maltoni-Smirnov 04Concha-Maltoni-Smirnov 04
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Deviation from maximal 23; already seen?
• If 23 < 45o =>enhancement of e-like events
• Explanation of e-excess at low energy?
Nakayama@Sub-dominant WS, ICRR, Dec.04
Nakayama@Sub-dominant WS, ICRR, Dec.04
Peres-Smirnov 99, 04
Peres-Smirnov 99, 04
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Two different results (why?) Concha-Maltoni-Smirnov 04Concha-Maltoni-Smirnov 04 SK (Subdominant
WS, ICRR, Dec.04)
SK (Subdominant WS, ICRR, Dec.04)
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Conclusion • 1st oscillation maximum seems to be the b
est place for precision measurement of large mixing angles (12,
• Dedicated reactor 12 experiment can reach the ultimate sensitivity ~2% in sin212
=> balanced accuracies between C and 12
• Implications to: observational solar astrophysics, accurate geo-, CPT test, ….
• LBL disapp. measurement of 3, though accurate for sin2223, suffers from “J” and P-degeneracy issues
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
We have reproduced their results
insensitive to systematic errors
insensitive to systematic errors
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
How to measure 13; There are 2 ways
LBL vs. reactorLBL vs. reactor
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Reactor measurement of 13
• Independent of , matter effect, 23, 12, solar m2
=> Pure measurement of 13
e disappearance probabilitye disappearance probability
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Varying proposals over the globe
A European project approved !
A European project approved !
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
LBL measurement of 13
JPARC-SK 13 sensitivity; OA2°, 5 years
Very simple form!Very simple form!
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March 9, 2005 IFIC, Universitat de Valencia
Optimal baseline distance
• Without geo- the optimal distance can be as short as ~40km
• With geo- it is 50-60 km
m2 sensitivity continues to be good until ~200 km