Precast Specific Safety Rules
Transcript of Precast Specific Safety Rules
Precast Specific Safety Rules
Matt Marcinko, MS, CHST
OSHA Compliance Officer
and
Melissa Linton, OHST
Compliance Assistance Specialist
Columbus Area Office
Overview
• OSHA inspections in the precast industry
• Safety and health hazards with precast
manufacturing – General Industry
• Precast Concrete handling fatalities
• Safety and health hazards with precast
panel handling – Construction
• Compliance assistance resources
OSHA’s Mission Assure so far as possible safe and healthful working
conditions for every working man and woman in
the nation by setting and enforcing standards and
by providing training, outreach, education and
assistance.
National Emphasis Programs
• Amputations
• Combustible Dust
• Fed Agencies
• Food Flavorings
• Hex Chrome
• Lead
• Primary Metals
• PSM (Chem Plants)
5
• Nursing Homes &
Residential Care Facilities
• Silica
• Ship Breaking
• Trenching
• Isocyanates
Region V Local Emphasis Programs
(LEPs) - FY 15
• Fall Hazards (Construction & General Industry)
• Primary Metals
• Grain Handling Facilities
• Tree Trimming Operations
• Powered Industrial Vehicles (Construction & GI)
• Building Renovation/Rehab - “Gut Rehab”
6
General Duty Clause
• Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety
and Health Act of 1970:
The employer did not furnish employment
and a place of employment which were free
from recognized hazards that were causing
or likely to cause death or serious physical
harm to employees.
Trenching/Excavation, 1926.652
• Cave-in protection
• Access in/out of trench
29 CFR 1926.651(c)(2) - 29 CFR 1926.651(j)(2)
Walking/Working Surfaces
Guarding Floor and Wall
Opening
1910.23(a)(1)
• Every stairway floor opening shall be
guarded by a standard railing
1910.23(c)(1)
• Every open-sided floor or platform 4 feet
or more above adjacent floor or ground
level shall be guarded by standard railing.
Open floor holes
Lifting Devices Free Rigging
1926.602(c)(1)(ii)No modifications or additions which affect the
capacity or safe operation of the equipment shall be made without
the manufacturer's written approval. If such modifications or
changes are made, the capacity, operation, and maintenance
instruction plates, tags, or decals shall be changed accordingly.
In no case shall the original safety factor of the equipment be
reduced.
Finger rack with inadequate
rebar pin holding panels.
Subpart H - Materials Handling, Storage, Use & Disposal
(1926.250 - 252)
35
29
26
23
17
251(a)(1)
252(a)
251(b)(1)
251(a)(6)
251(e)(8)
Sta
nd
ard
- 1
92
6.
Rigging equipment inspection & removal from service
Welded alloy steel chain slings - Identification
Slings, fastenings & attachments - Inspections
Exterior drop chutes
Synthetic web slings - Removal from service
1926.251(a) (1) Rigging
Equipment for Material Handling
• Rigging equipment for material handling
shall be inspected prior to use on each
shift and as necessary during its use to
ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging
equipment shall be removed from service.
1926.251(a)(5) Types of Rigging equipment for
material handling
Synthetic Fiber Metal Mesh Alloy Steel Wire Rope
Subpart-H, Effective July 8, 2011
• All rigging including wire rope slings shall
have permanently affixed , legible
identification markings stating size rated
capacity for the types of hitches used with
angles.
• Shackles must have legible markings
(working load limits) prescribed by the
manufacturer.
Sling Identification
Requirements
• Alloy Steel
(tag required)
• Synthetic
(tag required)
Broken wire
Bird Caging
KINKING
LUBRICATION Ropes and chains shall be regularly lubricated
1926.251(b)(3)
• Alloy Steel Chain
– No job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, or other such attachments, can be used.
1926.251(b)(5)
Whenever wear at
any point of any
chain link exceeds
that shown in
Table H-2, the
assembly shall be
removed from
service.
Avoid:
• Side load
• Back load
• Tip load
Max twist
10º
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29 CFR 1926 Subpart Q
Concrete and Masonry Construction
29 CFR 1926.700(a)
Scope - Application
Contains requirements to protect all construction employees from the
hazards associated with concrete and masonry construction operations
performed in workplaces covered under 29 CFR 1926.
29 CFR 1926 / Subpart Q
Concrete and Masonry Construction
1926.700 - Scope,
application, and
definitions applicable to
this subpart.
1926.701 - General
requirements
1926.702 -
Requirements for
equipment and tools.
1926.703 -
Requirements for cast-
in-place Concrete.
1926.703 App - General
Requirements for
Formwork
1926.704 - Requirements
for precast concrete.
1926.705 - Requirements
for lift-slab operations.
1926.705 App - Lift Slab
Operations
1926.706 - Requirements
for masonry construction.
•
Wells, pits, shafts, or similar excavations 6 ft. or
more in depth must have guardrails, fences,
barricades, or covers.
1926.501(b)(7)(ii)
Go
od
Pro
tectio
n
Precast Concrete Erection
Safety Monitor and Controlled
Access Zone
1926.502(h)(4)
• Each employee working in a
controlled access zone shall
be directed to comply promptly
with fall hazard warnings from
safety monitors
1926.502(g)(1)(ii)
• When erecting precast
concrete members, the control
line shall be erected not less
than 6 feet (1.8 m) nor more
than 60 feet (18 m) or half the
length of the member being
erected, whichever is less,
from the leading edge
29 CFR 1926.704(b)
Pre-Cast Concrete Wall Units
Lifting inserts for
tilt-up precast
concrete
members = 2x
max intended
load
29 CFR 1926.704(a)
Pre-Cast Concrete Wall Units
Wall panels must be adequately supported to prevent
overturning or collapse
29 CFR 1926.704(c)
Pre-Cast Concrete Wall Units
Lifting inserts for precast concrete members = 4x max intended load
29 CFR 1926.704(d)
Lifting Hardware
Capable of
supporting 5x
max intended
load applied or
transmitted to
lifting hardware
29 CFR 1926.704(e) 38
Employees
Not permitted
under precast
members being
lifted or tilted into
position
29 CFR 1926.706(a)
Limited Access Zone (LAZ’s)
LAZ’s shall be established
whenever a masonry wall is
being constructed.
Established prior to
start of construction
Equal to height of the
wall plus 4’
Un-scaffolded side of
wall
Remain until
adequately supported
Masonry walls over 8’
adequately braced
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OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
CRANES & DERRICKS
On September 25, 2014, OSHA announced an
extension of the compliance date for its crane
operator certification requirement to November
10, 2017.
• OPTION 1:
Accredited testing organization
• OPTION 2:
Audited employer program
• OPTION 3:
U.S. military
• OPTION 4:
State/local license
Testing Criteria
OPERATOR
QUALIFICATION /
CERTIFICATION
• Knowledge (written test):
– Controls/performance characteristics
– Calculate capacity
– Preventing power line contact
– Ground conditions & equipment support
– Use and locate info in operating manual
– Appendix C subjects
• Practical test
OPERATOR QUALIFICATION /
CERTIFICATION
Accredited testing
organization
YES * 5 years
Audited Employer
Program
NO
5 years
U.S. Military license NO * Set by issuing entity
State/local license
NO *
Valid only in
jurisdiction
Set by issuing
entity, not > 5 years
Portable Valid
* Subject to State & Local requirements and whether or not the military/state training meets
accredited requirements.
Electrocution Hazards
• Know where power lines are located
– pre-planning phase of construction
• If using a crane have a set-up meeting
prior to crane use
Fatality with dump truck bed
hitting overhead power lines
Employee
realized the
electrical line
landed on the cab
and attempted to
exit the truck.
Crane Power Line Safety
• Step 1-Job Assessment
– Always know the voltage
of the line. • Get the voltage from the power
company. Use the tag number
on the telephone pole or an
address.
• Determine if the crane
boom or load can get within
20 feet of an energized
power line.
Note: Even if the employer has no intention of
working up to the crane’s maximum radius in the
work zone, the assessment must still be made
using this assumption
Crane Power Line Safety
75 Ton Linkbelt with 96’
boom
96
‘
No Action
Required
Power Line
20 Feet
Crane Power Line Safety
75 Ton Linkbelt with
96’ boom
Power Line
20 Feet
Proceed to
Step 2
Crane Power Line Safety
• Step 2-Job Assessment
– Ensure that any part of the equipment or the load will
not come within the minimum approach distance as
permitted.
Crane Power Line Safety
• Step 3-Preventing – Conduct a planning
meeting with the operators and other workers.
– Use non-conductive tag lines.
– Assign a designated spotter who is also a qualified signal person.
– Erect and maintain an elevated warning line, barricade or line of signs in view of the operator.
Crane Power Line Safety
• Step 4-Preventing – If working within the minimum approach distance be
aware of additional requirements as listed in 29CFR 1926.1410.
• Power line representative or professional engineer will set the minimum distance.
• Circuit re-energizers must be disabled.
• Use of an insulating link.
• Use of non-conductive rigging.
• Barricades 10 feet around the crane to prevent contact.
• Ground the crane.
• Power line representative or professional engineer must identify one person on site to direct the additional procedures.
• Additional training for the entire crew working on the job.
• Signal person –
when required:
– Point of operation
not in full view of
operator
– View of direction of
travel is obstructed
– Site-specific safety
concerns
• Signal Types: – Hand, voice,
audible or “new”
– Only time an operator can use a cell phone while lifting (but must be hands free)
SIGNALS
SIGNAL PERSON
• Qualification Requirements:
– Know & understand signals
– Competent in using signals
– Basic understanding of crane operation
– Verbal or written test plus practical test
Qualifications
Third party qualified
evaluator
Yes Yes
Employer qualified
evaluator
Yes No
Qualified how Documentation Portable
SIGNAL PERSON
Qualified Rigger
• Qualified Person – Qualified person means a person who, by
possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, successfully demonstrated the ability to solve/resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. Qualified rigger is a rigger who meets the criteria for a qualified person.
Qualified Rigger
• When is one required?
– When employees are engaged in hooking, unhooking, or guiding the load, or in the initial connection of a load to a component or structure and are within the fall zone, all of the following criteria must be met:
– The materials being hoisted must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement.
– Hooks with self-closing latches or their equivalent must be used. Exception: "J" hooks are permitted to be used for setting wooden trusses.
– The materials must be rigged by a qualified rigger.
INSPECTIONS
CRANES & DERRICKS
Modified or
repaired/adjusted
Qualified person
Post-assembly Qualified person
Shift Competent person
Monthly Competent person
Annual Qualified person
Type of Inspection: Who Inspects:
INSPECTIONS
Inspections
• Annual Inspections – Performed at least every 12 months
– Performed by a qualified person
– Specific list of items to be checked is listed in the standard.
– Disassembly is required
– Includes wire rope
– Documentation • Items checked and the results of the
inspection
• Name, Signature and the date of the inspection
• Kept on file and available for 12 months.
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Inspections
• Annual Inspections – Performed at least every 12 months
– Performed by a qualified person
– Specific list of items to be checked is listed in the standard.
– Disassembly is required
– Includes wire rope
– Documentation • Items checked and the results of the
inspection
• Name, Signature and the date of the inspection
• Kept on file and available for 12 months.
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Inspections
• Daily, “Each Shift” – Performed by a qualified person.
– Equipment cannot be used unless there are no deficiencies that constitute a “Safety Hazard”.
– Documentation • None required
– Items to be inspected:
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• Control Mechanisms
• Air, Hyd and other pressurized
lines.
• Hydraulic system, Level, leaks etc.
• Hooks and latches.
• Wire rope reeving.
• Wire rope condition.
• Electrical apparatus.
• Tires
• Ground Conditions, proper
support.
• Equipment is level.
• Operators cab windows.
• Rails, rail stops or clamps.
• Safety devices and operational
aids for proper operation.
• Any deficiency that may constitute
a “Safety Hazard”.
When any necessary repairs or adjustments are needed for the equipment and alternative methods are being implemented, the employer must communicate this information to all affected employees at the beginning of each shift. (§ 1926.1417(j))
CHANGE MADE SINCE THE
RULE WAS PROPOSED
Required Documentation
Includes
• Monthly & annual inspection reports for
the equipment and wire rope
• Modifications that affect the safe use of
the equipment
• Operator and signal person qualifications
• Tower crane foundation/support design
• When repairs or adjustments of the
equipment are needed
Required Documentation
Includes
• Employer-developed procedures (i.e.,
assembly/disassembly, operational, and
other procedures related to the safe
operation of the equipment)
• Power line encroachment
procedures/plan
Respiratory Protection
1910.134
• Written respiratory protection program
– Selection
– Medical evaluation
– Fit-testing
– Training
NOTE: Assess air contaminants levels first.
Silica Web Page
http://www.osha.gov/silica
Crystalline Silica
• SiO2 –silicon dioxide
• Also known as “free silica”
• Significantly more hazardous than
amorphous silica
• 3 mineralogical forms
– Quartz—most common
– Cristobalite
– Tridymite
What’s wrong in this picture?
Ways to Reduce Exposure
• Substitute materials that have no
crystalline silica
• Locate employees as far as possible from
dust-generation source
• Isolate employees OR the source – Control rooms
– Enclosures
– Barriers
Ways to Reduce Exposure (cont’d)
• Use local exhaust ventilation (LEV
systems)
• Use tools with dust-collecting
systems
Ways to Reduce Exposure (cont’d)
• Use wet methods – Cutting
– Chipping
– Drilling
– Sawing
– Grinding
• Clean surfaces with HEPA vacuums or
wet sweeping—no compressed air!
Controls—Wet Methods
Source: Dry Cutting and Grinding is RISKY BUSINESS. NJDHSS.
Ways to Reduce Exposure (cont’d)
• And if other methods are
not sufficient—
Use Proper Respiratory
Protection
Cement
Ready mixed concrete, is a highly alkaline
material (pH 12-14) when wet
It is hygroscopic, drawing moisture from
skin; and it’s abrasive
Also causes allergic skin responses
because it contains hexavalent chromium
Acute Irritant Dermatitis (Cement
Burns) Burning is accelerated by clothing, boots or gloves soaked in
cement
Alkali damage causes no heat or pain.
Skin grafts and scars may be result of the burn.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Swelling, redness,
oozing, cracking,
stinging, itching,
blisters and scaling
Chrome sensitization
is irreversible.
Must avoid contact
with wet and dry
cement.
Prevention
Protect skin by:
Work practices to prevent contact with cement
Use of personal protective equipment to prevent skin
contact
Use of neutralizing solutions sprayed directly on the
skin
Skin Injuries
Injury by mechanical means results in friction, pressure or other trauma causing calluses, blisters, nerve damage, bone damage, cuts, abrasions and possible secondary infections.
Those who use riveters, chippers, drills and hammers are also at greater risk for bone damage, nerve or soft tissue damage.
Eye Injuries
Most eye injuries are caused from:
penetration into the eye which can result in blindness
i.e. small fragment of rock or metal passing through the eye at high speed,
or masonry nails entering the eye.
Shields and guards (e.g. windshields on heavy equipment), prohibiting use of compressed air for cleaning, and safety goggles of high-impact-resistance materials prevent most foreign body related injuries.
Safety glasses are good but particles can still hit the eye from the side so the glasses must have side shields.
Ohio OSHA Offices
Columbus Area
Office
(614) 469 - 5582
Toledo Area
Office
(419) 259 - 7542
Cincinnati Area
Office
(513) 841- 4132
Cleveland Area
Office
(216) 447- 4194
Publications include:
• Training guide
• Posters
• Handouts
• Wallet cards
Available in both
English and Spanish
Heat
www.osha.gov
Thank-you
Questions?