,.,, /'.... I

//

PREAH KHAN

STAGE ONE

REpORT Two

PREAHKHAN·

CONSERVATION PROJECT

STAGE ONE

MISSIONSMARCH 1991 .

PREPARED BY

CULTURAL MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS

. LORI ANGLINSCOTT CUNLIFFE

JOHNSANDAY

WORLD MONUMENTS.FUNDNew YorkJuly.l991

3.4 An Archreological Program.;;.•; ~.i.: , ; : .3435 Movable .cult'..lrcdProp€rr.l :· ,..·· : · ·: 34-3.6 . ., C!lli:uial Tourlsn1 : ;, : ; ;; 36

!;:·:::;:~~~I:;~~~~:;:iJ;~~~I~~!:·:li:;:::;I::il::ii!i::!;!~;';·!i::;;ii;::;!::;·;!i~;l::~·;:~~;·~;:!:.:;~:::;::;;;i~:I::;:;;:.;;:~:::;::;i:i::,:::;·::i1;1;;·;;:;~!::;:·!::·;;;::.;l;;!;;:l;;:::i:·;;::';:!;;·;:;:.;;·;;;:~;:;:;:;::·;:;::::.;·::;::.i·:::.1;;.!lnnex 4.1 Backgfourid and HIstory

.1 Location andSetting : ;·; , i ; 392 Climate and Agriculture ;' ; ; 39.3.-\nHistoriCal Overview of Cambodia : ; '1-04 The HlstotlC<'J E.volution orAn..Qkor i · ; 415 Khmer Ard11tectuiaI Development ~ , 456 Angkorafter the fall ofthe Khmer Kingdom 48

Annex 4.2. .An&kor and Its Mo~umenis Today .I Exlsting A'dmirustratlVe Srru5=tille ; ~ ; : : 492 Access <md Infra-StrUcture ; ,; ,: i 493 ReVlv<'11 of ReIlglous Activity : ; 504 SliNey of Conditions;n rheHiStone City of Angkor .505 Stri.!cluralDefects - Defects in Design .., ~ : ; 51

. 6 BUlldlngMaterfaJs a!1d,their Defects ;; , : ; ; .52. Annex 4.3 ConselVa!lonHfstory: in Angkor . .

. '1 Conservation InterVentions.~ · : : :.; : 56·2 Recent Interventions .•.: :.; ' ~ .57

. 3 Current 1I1tematlonally SuppOrted Conservation Efforts .57Annex 4.4 Cultural Toup,5mConcept. '

1 Introduction ..::.: ;•.. ~ : .582 Assumptions :' ; ;..; .59

; :::~~~~d~~i~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~

..., Separate Docurnent

Contents of Angkor Report

Identifying the NeecL ..; ~~ ftPrinciple!? <ma Procedures : : ~ : 11.PreJimirnuy Intervention Principles ; ; 13 'Definitions of InteNlimtions ; :.~ ;. ,..; ~; .••;; 14ConselVation Trruning .:..; ;..... .•.•. .......................~.: : ~ 15Forma) Training, tor theProressions : , ;.:.. : 15formai Training fer tl1e Crafrs : ; , ; 16InformalTrmning fort~e Professions.: ~ , 17

ForevJord· o; ; ; ;~ ; .3, Introduction , : ;:•.; : ~ ; 5

Pur::JOse of Report and SuITi.'11af'j :: , ~ .' 6·Cultural <.md 'Historical Sigr:!ffC<.'tnce ~ : : , 7

1.1

::f=!:::~a~:~ia~;i~:m;;·;li;::~::i;;;i:i;;!i::;;:!!I::l~·11::I:;111~:;:I:;~::::;li:::I;;I:i:l:i:l:;:::j:;::·;!;::ir~:I;;;·:;I::;:i·i::·:::l:;::;:I:i;I:!I::i!;li:il!~:ilii:i::11:!:'il:I:::;1:~::I:~;·::11:;i~::l;2.1 TneCb~Nationty'lanagement Pli'.n - Its Puip6se : :..; ;202..2 . A Framework for the Conservation J\'\Magemem PI['J) ~ :., ~ : 2.02.3 TneDevelopment·ol' aBuilding h1vent0rY : ~..: , ; : ; 722..4 Recommendal"Jonsto Eni'.ance Adrt'jnistrat10n : ; : ;·.. :., ~ 2.52.5 Legislation ; :.: ,.;..••; : ; ,; · i82.6 Fund. i<81slng,Strategles ~ ~ ~ ; ~ 29

- 1.21.31.41.S1.61.71.8

.:!;i·:;~~ft::~~:~~;:;·;;~~~~i~~·~.::~~!;~j;§·:::::l~~~::!~~:l:·:.~::;i;:::;';·l:!:·j·:::;::.!i:;i·:l·:::·::.:;:;·il:;.;;i:;:';I;;:;i:;f.;:i;.;'~!i!~·:~!.I:;::1::I:·:!:;::.~:!:::.:!:;;:;:3.1 Th~ Conservationd'Angkor Laboratory.: , : ; 323.2.· An Intematlon..,l Research Center ; : :; : ;;..: ; 32.3.3 Envlronmentai ProreCtion :, ; 33

:::.::i!~~0i;;~~i~~::::~~~::·I~;~:~.I:::li:!:::!;!!::::;i;:::::i!::;::::!~~!;;:::::i:::::::i;'::::!:;;::~:::l·:::i:;:i:;:~i;:::·::!·::.;;l::;.;;::;:i:i::;::;·i:;;:;~;:;!~;::::::;i::::;~i:::;:1;:;::~:i:::!1234

World Monum!'nts Fund d.~

__________..:..- ~ ,.L7':.

Fund

Mission Teams and Rep()rts ; :; : ; ~ ..: 44Itineraries and Programs::.;.: ;: ;.; ; :..; , .46Contacts in Can1bodia ;.~: -.......•..; ; : 48

Contents

. WMJ Reports One.aild Two'shouid be read 111 c~njunctiori

:::.:i:::II·:"llujl,llll:·,lli:·.lmll:·II:ill·IIB.:·.KJII·'·,j ::i~::'.··:·,ii·::,l;:.!l· ..·i;··j:··il:·j,:·j::·,.ll·..·i::..:·::·l·ljll\jil.:i·:~::,·;.·,4.1 DocUJl)enta& Research :.. : : :.. , 20

1:!.;£\~~ti~~~~·::~:::::;:::::::::::<::::;::::::::.::::::::::;::::'::;:::.::::::::;:H ".." :;·jiiilj·IIIII.;!I:lliil):'·,llf!lil·...:::..·::.l:·:j:··j:·;;':·;;l:·~.,:· :":":;":;·'::::;:;j:?·'·"'):':i~::;·.·;.;~::'·'~;;'m-/'·.:.;;.· •.

. . -5. t ,,Administration ;..: :; : 355.2 . Planning ; :".: ~ ,~ , ,..375.3 Training· " ,.: ;: :.,.:.•, ; ,: : : : 39

.;:i '. ~:8~~~i.~~..~~~~~i.~::~:::.::::::::-:::::::::::::·:::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::.::::::::::::::::::~~.5.6 .' ·.WorkProgrcim.~ ;:.~~ ,.: ;.;; :.; , :..,..•... :: .40

'. .

Re:pQrtTwo..Preah Khan C()nsen,ation Project - Stage One

. - .I'nAH KHAN. IlEroRr ' Contents -.

~i:!!I.I·;:i,I.lllliil!::·:i'l;·'I.'!:i!:·jll~·i.:!'j!l.i.II:.!il:.i-i!:I:!i:iijl:,.i!I·'.:!i:l:ill,ii:i::,i:;!",j:·:il·li1l:!il·II:::i:.:lj··;::':I:lj:.i:I;li'1;::lll:l'lil"'li:;)·:i;::.:'II;I:II·:i·:I·:·;.i ..l·.!i:~::':!i·::il.lilj:ll:ll'l:i:-r

::~. ~=b~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::; ..1:3 AngkorMissions 1989":1~91' ;.....: .... :.:.. ,:....:.....:•. ,;.;, ..... ;;.......:.: ,... ,:.: ...4

i;l"itl!i·llIIIHi·lllllj,!IIIIIIII!:!II.jl·III·ll·..ill.·l!·I:::·;.\:;il::I;~:I,;I:.:.i:'i"lll.·:II':"·ilil:i·;I,:j··:ii ..:.illlli;:i:..1·lli·: ..l::::j::..i..l!i;:1:11..f1:;1\';:...

i:~ .~:~~~~i:st;;i~:::~::::::::~:::::::::::::-::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-:':::::~:::::::;::::::~2.3 Arctlivalt>ocumentation : ~ ;;:; ;; : 8

i:~' ~~~a~~:g~~~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.~.~'2.6 1939-1990 Con~rvation-.•...,"""",,,,,,,,;,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,:,,":"'"'';''' :13 ..2.7 Chronology ofSite Developinen~ .:;;;.;" ';; ;; : : :.., : 142.8 Religious AsSOdatiOn·· : : :..,.;;.;;;.;.;:;..:~ : :,.; , 14

1·:·:I"!~I:·iiFIII.I!II[l!IIIIIIIII;;III·lmllllll.:j'l:1·\II·l,::!I·:·,'iliii:l·lj,!II·::lj·'I:·:,.'.:',:i;;'1'''1·:·I:j3.1 . PlJip()se ; ::.-:: ;, ..: :.•.: '., ~ ;; , ::: ;; ; 16 .3'.2 Cultural Significance ;: .., ;...',: ,.; ; :: :·17

·~:~~:;r~~~o~:.I~::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'::::::::::: ~

S· -,.t r'

'OJ

f[1

t~'.:.

t['

[

j::1)-

l11IJITIiIJ!ik'~j-

I:1\

IiI:

I'"

Vreah Kh-(ln::~=~~"-~~~~----~-~------~::'::::::=----~~-----------------(photo: S. (~un/iffe. 1991).· 'I

Pr~ble -

.Report Purpos~

AngkorMissions1989 - 1991

Introduction-

~ .

t

•I-

tt- .,.

.'I",I

II,iI"

II

II '

a:I

•a•'-!".

- .

~lt_TheWMFs~cond Angkor Mission, was undertaken in conjunction with aIteamqom SophiaUlliversity;Jokyo, Japan. The WMF is grateful to the

sponsors whose generous support lias. made this program possible.

TI1e American Express Foundation­

Henry LucellI .

A.Peter Stern

The Brown Foundation

.• l\. rising from the 1990 UNESCORound TClble and resulting from ther\Angkor~issions, theWMF have alsodevised conservation prindplesand procedures. These provide a basis for conservation processesproposed at p'reah I<.han, and have been submitted· for discussion at the

. UNESCO Round Tablein Paris, September 1991.Theseissuesand other'fundamental recommendations arepresen~ed in Volume One of the twovolume series the Conservation Management and Presentatjon of theHistoric CityofAngkor-PreparatoryGuideUnes and .RecornmendC\tions (subtitfed, The AngkorR~port); The Angkor Report,and the:rep9rts cOmpiled by the WMFTeams shouid bereferenced inconjunction with the Preab Khan Report. Full titles andrVussion details,areprovided in the Annex, Se~tion 6,01' this Report.

2

. . . . .: .

The World MonumentS Fund (WMF) is'an international foundationbased in·NewYork,.USA, whose purpose is to assist in the developmentandfinandngofinternational programS. TheWMF supports programs',directed at the protection and preservation of mans artistic andarchitectural.heri~ge.At the request ofcind .inca-:operation.with the StateGovernment o~Cambodia, the WMF are assisting in J\ngkorconservationand training programs. Preah Kl1anis the site selected as a centre of this .significant work. .

r"0nservation of the temple sites at Angk6ris considered a priority ahd\..-this is recognised bythe State Govemment of <:ambodia and .international·agendes. To. improve Cambodia's. international image and toincense national priel:ein the conserVation of Angkor is ont= underlyingprindple ofthe Preah Khan,Conservation Project. .

I'REAH KHAN REPORT lntroduetton

, , ,

The Preah Khan 'pilot' Conservation Project is'already establishing. significantgroundwork. in inventory techniques,; training programs and. . . .

project planning. The completion ()f the Preah Khan Conservation.Managemel1tPlanwill guidefuturevvorkand this process is offerE;d asaplanning model for other sites iIi. Angkor,. '

3Monuments Fund

This Report, in conjunction with the Aitgkor Report, summarises theWMF initiatives and recommendations, .1989 - ,1991. .

1.2 Report Putpos'e

PRfAH KHAN REPORT', Innbduetion ,

The Preah Khan Report summarises the World Monuments Fund 1991Angkor Mission. The goals ofthis Mission were aligned with therecommendations ari,sing from the '1990 UNESCO International Round

. Table of Experts on the PreselVation of Angkor Monuments, which focusedon themes of management, training and technology.

Itwas the purpose of the 1991' WMF Mission to:

• launch Stage One of the Preah Khan ConselVation Project• establish ah inventory program for Angkorusing the Preah Khan site as

a pilotptogram .• initiate atraining program for university undergraduates in fundamental

conselVation methOds, research an(j problem solving• formulate a management process' for Angk()r and commence a

ConselVation Management Plan for Preah Khan• review the primary documentary evidence compiled for the Preah Khan

,site• prepare a concept paper for tourism development planning in

Cambodia• assess the scope of short term priorities for organisation, stabilisation,

training and site management and to determine the financial and timeschedule for the work.

West Gopura III at PreahKhan, as:interpretedby LV fHilat, 1991:aJ

*1

•IIII

tIl111

II

II

•II

••=-=­•II

•••a:-=­•

Training-

• Establishmentof hands-on conservation training program for universitystudents introducing basic conservation <:oncepts: investigative ' 'technigues, in\lentorymethods,'site recording arid architecturaldrawing: '

, • Development and irnplement~ti6hofthe inventory proces~,introd~cin~ the recording methodology,priQrities arid'procedures tothe students and international collaborators;

Presentation

• Compilation of the.t\ngkorand Preah Khan Reports ,withrecommendiltibns fpr'consideration at theRoundTable Meeting in Parisin 1991. , '

• Publjcdisplay ofPreah'Khanphotographs and University of Beaux Arts(UBA) St1jdc=rits' drawings (Phnom Penh).

, Promotion and Support

• Liaison'with international government a~cinon-g()vernment'organisation~to,establish communication with the students and facultyof the University of Beaux Arts.

• Delivery ofhundreds of textbooks and dravying equipment supplies tothe students of the University of BeaUx Arts.

., PublicIecture5 and 'publicati<:mof articles int<:mlationally to informprofe~sionalsand the pub.lic of the need for conservation.

Background

Fund4

• Initiation of a comprehensive conservation management plan for PreahKhan, setting priorities and analysing opportunities for conservation, "training and pr~entatiori.

• Development of aninventOIy and recording process specifically for theAngko( region:, ,.'

• Formulation of 'Proceduresclnd Principles' for conservation workaFPreah Khan, and, applicable to the region. .

Angkor Missions '1 989-1991

~~;llll"lm:\I'llfi~:IIII!;!II:::I'!':!"":~I!I:::III':":~,I:!,:!:!,!:!!!:![!'I:!!:\:;;'I::::,I~:,I'!:,\\!::,:~~::j'~I!\:,:,,::~'I,I:'\!!I::'I:~:!,::'\I,,:I:::\,I\I:,,!:'j"[!,'!,:!,:\'i""eWorld Monuments Fundhaveinrtiated arid supported twolV\issions1 in Angkor.The following summarises the significant ,progress and

contributions achieved to date.' ' '

to:'op,eratiolf and Collaboration

• Establishment. of the relationshipand co-:operationwith the CambodianGovernment t.o implement a.conservation and t.raining 'progfa~ at the -Angkor site; , '

• Coilaboration with international organisations to achieve consens~s aridformulate conventions. ' .' " '

• Participation in international meetings to assist1n the conservation ofAngkor sites. - , . ,

Strategy

_History

Architectural Style,

Archival Documentation

Preah Khan Design

Site Hydrography

t 939-1990 Conservation

Chronology of Site Development

Religious Association

... -

'P.reah Khan Backgrout1'd,'

j.- -.

:II

=II=II

=­~

3J3]

3J

:tIJ3:a=,.,

­:II=II:B=a':II:II

:II

'Background

6

CARTE DU GnoUPE D'ANG~OR DRESSER ENlgoS PAl\U

LIEUTENANT BUAT, GEODESIEN, ET LIt LlEUTENAwr DUCRRT, TOPOGl\APJlE,

, Tlu! illustration i$ extrfu:tl!,t1from 'lnventaire {)l!scriptij'des Mlin.WTwnt$ duCrunbollge' by l~. {,'LTU!t de 1,lLjonl/uieri!.1lJU.

.,' . : . . . -

Preah «han iskhoWn tQbe associatecdwithBudd"hism and HindUism. Its,sculptural elements: the pediments, the statues and th~ inscriptions; yield'enough detail to vecrify that these twoCE;ligions existed at an early period'in the complex development. Vishu, .Shiva arid King Jayavarman yU'.sroyalancestors are all dedicated Within this site.

Preah Khan waS occupied byBLiddhist monks for a period and thecomplex is frequented by the. local community and Arigkorvisitors.Soldiers guard the temple complexa.djacent to the processional at thewest entrance.

'T'he meaning of Preah Khan is the 'Sacred Sword' or 'Holy Palladium'.1 Preah Khan is 'one of hundreds of ancient temple sitesJn Cambodia. "

The ~ite inscriptions relate that Preah Khanwas built by JayavarmanVII(1181-c 1215) and dedicated in 1191 to his father, Dharanindravarman.The Preah Khan site is historically linked to NeaRPE;an and-Ta Som, 'formingCl huge:~ast..:west aXis outside the wallsof Angkor Thom.Preahl(han'is the'main temple element. Neak Pean isattliec centre of larg~tanksand Ta SCm is a smaller temple complex to the east. " "

7FundWorld

_ PREAH KHANN REPoRT Backgounci

2.2 Architectural Style

,-"e architecturalstyleofPreahKhan is contemporary with that of the1 great temple mountain of the Bayon,which is also a product ofKing

JayavarmanVll's building campaign. The architecture and its materials arewell described in the d::imprehensive Mission Ree0rts of the WorldMonuments Fund Teams.

The majorityofthe external walls at Preah Khan are richly decorated inbaS-relief sculptureanclthe buildings possess classic features of theAngkor Peliod of architecture. The "reflection of outer artistic stimuli6f thelndiancl.,llture" are evident in. thearchitecture.

The main axis of Preah Khall runs east~We5t and is cut by largegopuras(or grand entrance gates).~iJhmultipie.entrances. The two axes interceptat the central towerwhidi has a crudform dome, preceded on four sidesby porticos. The main temple is oriented to the east: All gopuras at thethitdenclosure, have a similar form, but differin scale.

----T-."· -~-/-' - --.---/ Jill "

/ - l' /-~;/ II

The West Gopum IIIinterior as interpreted

by arti.~t N. Milat,

3\_­

:IiiJ­

!l

Dl

a1

a1

!11a1

:tIJ~-

:11131

~

The Ea.~t G()pura HI, East Elevation in /968 (Source G. Clarke)

There exists awealth of materi~1 (multi":lingual), on the region ofAngkor, and the collation of a comprehensive indexforPreah Khan formsa part of the conservationproject.

. Useful in conservation planning, a comparison ofthe historiCalphotograph bfthe tree attheEast Gdpurais shown.1he treewClSintentionally sever&! sometime after 1968, the date of the photograph .(left). The current photograph (right) shows that it has grafted itselftogether again. Other photographic comparisons show differences.instone movement or coilapse. ..

PR£AH KHAN REPORT Background

2.3 Archival Docul11entation

8

The l~"=t G(Jpum til, EustElevation>in1991. Soilrce:S. (;unlijfeWorld Monuments Fund 9

Background

2.;4Preah Khan Design

"T'he original plan of Preah Khan is fairly typical of the small dty o.r1 monastic complexes but it has been greatIycomplicatedby ...

superimposed structlIres which adapted. the pla;ceto suit changing'requirements.

The plan is comprised offour endosures.:Theinner two endosures.aresurrounded by gallerieS which are Iinkeq together in several locatiOns.Within these enclosures there is a labyrinthofchapels; courts, halls,'pavilions. and entrance porti<:os.

Thefuird endosurewa.Ilrepn~Sentsis a significant separation of.thestone c:omplex and the currentIYundeVeloped'zone to the fourth •endosurewaU. This area isdlaracteIisedby tafl grasses, scrub and trees,. Itis thought thattimbei- would have ~ehthe primary building material for'structUres outside the third endosure, though no known excavation or .other research has beeD I<x:atedto verify this. . .

There are several interpretations of the plan compiled by fueEcoleFrancaise d'ExtremeOrient (EFEO) scholars;

The West CapuTa III section as interpretell by lU'tist N. Milat,

10 World Monuments Fund

I I

PREAH KHAN REPORT C

::.....:

The plan is from J. Dumarcay's 'Documents Graphiques delaConservation d'Angkor', printed by the EFEO in 1988.

C·: :: : : : : :: : :: :::.....--------. r-~==~=~~i·......·11-

r-~-.--.J 1 ,

.:,::::: :..::.: ;': :.': -=­i :'::::.::': :':. :::':. L"'-IlIIIIIl]I~---~'J

tN

•=-

=­~..

za~

=rI

=­•••

:S

=­:II

3

=­=-

=­:3

:8

•3

d:!I

PREAH' KHA/llREJ'oRT Backgound

'-I,i (Lrti.~i's inil'ression oj.the fourth (!"dOSllrc! wall at Preah' f(1l(U/.i.~shown(!;r:tr:ru:tedj'iomM. Cit(!(w, tmns. D. Imber, 'f(lunerSi:ul(ltl~;'e(zndlJw

II 'lfjkor. C'ivili.mtion', Londo~J9(j;)./1 moat e,,:drclestlw./fJll:1ILendosurr! wale

2.5 Site Hydrography

W' ater played an integral role to the lifestyle and spiritual culture of the, " ancientKhmer.1l)e spatial qualities and iconography of the Preah

Khan site demonstrates this. '

The enclosing moat (40 meters wide) is crossed by causeways of goda.nddemon icons (similar to those of Angkor Thom).The approaches tothe ea.st and west causeways were lined by carved stone pillars, symbolic

" ofthelinga. The latter is clearly associated with movingwater.

Exploratory 'archaeological excav~tions were undertaken during theWMF Mission inMaFch~ in Qrder to confirm the method of drainagesystemsvyithin the" fi rst enclosure. Inselected courtyards, shallow troughswere exposed. 'Awellformed drain was located, thol,lgh the flow ofwaterhad been obstructed by th.e;build~upof sediments al:ld debris over thecenturies:

II Fund

Monuments Fund 13

PREAH KHANN RIroRT Background

2.61939-1990Conse-rvation·

Excellent archival records exist on Preah l<han. TheWMF team have.obtained archival plans, photographs and desniptionsJor on-site

reference and·comparative purposes at Preahl<han.

The conservation work of the. Conservation d'Angkor in conjunction withthe Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient (EFEO)is comprehensivelydocumented detailing where projects were implemented and the methodsandwork forces involved.

Thisconservation work at Preahl<han extended over a period ofappro?<imately 40 years. From 1939.physical interventions we!e extensivelyrecorded and this continued until 1956. The monthly journals prepared· atthe Conservation d'Angkor are most useful for work summaries.

Secondaryand emergency interventions ate evident on site and thesewere recorded in the field Inventory in 1991.

Little work has been carried out since the 1960 initiatives. Recently, theConservation d'Angkor have been dearing vegetation.

PRAHKHANGOPURADLNORD

1lbz"",/----"--..2.".---{"'" PROJEToE REPOSEEche//e, 2cu PN

~I·I~. :. ,

~L'~mJl

--~

Extraetjrod,. the November 1954 Rapport, NalionalMuse,imArchi~es,. . Phnom Penh.

'p'.~eah Khan isl<nbwntObeassociated with Buddhism and Hinduism~ Its• sculptIJral elements; ,the pediments,statIJes and inscriptions, yield'enough information to verify that these two religions'existed at an 'earlyperiod in the complex 'development. Vishu,Shiva and King JayavarmanVII's royal ancestors'are.all dedicatedwithin this site. According to thestele dated 1191, a totalof283 divinities were installed iilthe templecomplex: ' " .'

Theprindpal divinity was Jayavarmesvara;.aLol<esvara sculpted ingccordance with the physical Character of the King's rather, Which wasconsecrated in 1191. In addition to the Vaisnavite, Saiviteand ancestorI<ingchapels, thereis a1sorecord of a hospitalchap~l. nol~nger extant andI:1umerous other chapels irregulprly addeain the central courtyard, ,dedis:a.ted to, the memory.ofgreat dignitaries"and, it seems, their fumiIies. ,,The stele records that this was a place of learning and lists theactIJal

, numbers (no longer legible) ofptofessors and students it sh~lteredat tliattime. '

In the Angl<or Period, theI<ing was',absolute master, the lord ofproPerty, the rulerwhopasSed all laws and dedared the wars. Withintheternplecomplex, the. King appears as symbol of beauty, strength and,

-wisdom. '

·2.8 Religious' ,,'Associations

2.7 Chronology ofSit~ Dev.elopl11e.nt

,/.,

14

It ..iS d.ocumen.. ted that thesite Of. ~re.,ah. I~an wa.s initi~ly assoc!a.te.d withan earlier complex. The extent of remaInS of thIS ~arlIer place IS not, ,

known. The extant site is the productof several stages,.of building and .evidence of its various bUiidirigcampaignsare,foundby analysing:

"the construction technique" the iconographic relief and:sculptIJre.

" the inscriptiqns. . '. ...•." the layering and imposition of diverse~rchitectIJfaLelernents.

The sumlllary of the Mission':;'analySisof,thehuildingchronologyis,.summarised on mOdified plans originally developedby Philippe. Stern in .1965, in LesMonumentskhmersdustyle dUBa)'onet Jaycwarinan VII,and later byH;Stierlin. Theplans'are reprOfluced fon:omparisonin .'Bruguier's Mission Report 1991!refer toSectibn 6.1; MisshmTeamsMd .Reports.

'C~nse'r"ati'o"Managel11ent, ' Plan Process

:fI~..,

••.':II

••:a.'.,8.'

:8

=­•.,S',."=­:II...'=--'1.:a;

•

PurPose

Cultural Significance

COllselVationPolicy

. Plan Framework

Conservatfon Management Plan Process

3.1 Purpose

,.,us section outlines a conservation management process which has1 been initiated at Preah Khan and is open to discussion at the UNESCO

Round Table Meetingof Experts in Paris in Septerriber1991. Theprocedures and prindples contained in the_AngkorReport form thefundamental bad<groundtcrtheplanning process,-

In simple teims>the ConservationManagement Plan is a strategydocument. The Plan setsoufwhat i.s signHicantabout asi~ and providespolides andguideIines appropriate to this significance,Each historic site isunique and therefort~no two plans are identical. The ConservationManagement Plan is based on comprehensive documentary research;interdisdplinaty site investigation andanaIysis of ail of the evidencegati1ered.· In this process, alI planning decisions are based on.an·understanding of the cultural significance, the-physical condition anq theconservation policy ofasite~ Any future Us«=s are proposed and evaluated-to ensure compatibility_with the fragility of the site and its significance.

Establishing a frameworkfor the conservation managemenfof sites at _Preah Khan is abasic requirement. By haVing the Plan in place, decisionsand intervention are structured by priority and undertaken ina logicciI andScheduled sequence. This planning process issUIl1Il}arised in the diagram,Conservation Management Plan Process.

16 World Monuments Fund

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN

PROCESS FOR PREAH KHAN

STATE CONSERVATION POLICY

The sha-ded boxes indicate the program work initiated todale.

--~-----~-------~--:c--:.----:----':'----------:--,--------:------------~--:-------~---,----~-,--~~~~~~Fu~nd. 11 ,

3.2 CulturalSignificance

l""".'·uultltural Sign.ifkan.ce is aterm.~ivento theaestheti.c. histOric.sd.entifiCOr'-soda! value of a place. tothe past. its present and future generations1.

To summarisethe cultural significance ofa place helps to identify andassess the attributes and therefore, to plan, fOr appropriateconseiVation.

A'clear understandJng of the 'nafurea!!d degree ofsignifieancePreahKhan is a basic planning tool. To prepare the statement of culturalsignificance. docum~ntiuyand physical ev!dence needs to be gathered. 'The process of inquiry and docul11entationequips the conservation teamwith background information. a prerequisitetoanyinterverition.Asubstantial part of this research has alreac;ly been initiated. Once furtherdeveloped. the next stage is to co-ordinate,and analyse the information.

, for example to: ,..,.

• prepare the inventory of existingbuilding fabric.environmentand obj~cts.

•. determ1nethe development chronology and histori.cusesof'the placesummarise the sodal and culturarcontext'of changes .

,Once the significance ofa place is understood. informed policydedsions can be mage. On the basis of this summary, a concept for howto conserve arid present the fabricIsdevised. This summary will set theframe',Nork for constraints and opportunities for future action; Based on thesU!TImary of cultural significance, the site can be zoned, identifyingappropriate conservation processes for areas.

I . (COMaS Australia, Burra Charter Articles

3.3 ConservationPolicy

T'ie development ()fcollserilation policy facilitates and promo~esI competent conservation and consistent practises.

Conserv.ation guidelines andpolides will be developed at Preah Khan.to give consistency and specific direction to the program. ~Theconservation prindplesoutlined in the Angkor Report provide a .proceduralstandard for investlgation'andactivity; applicable to all of theAngkor sites. . .

The conservation policy is developedinconsideratiollof the Jollowihg:

-. the'-requit~ment~--and constraints arising. from the-statement'ofsignificance

• the resources and/or feasible uses• the physicalconditicmof the place• the requirements imposed by external factors.

Conserva~onpolicy for Preah.Khan summaIise:

• physical c6nservationaction by priority• <;:ompatible uses• . access and' presentation.• security measures• .management structure• c6ntrolsonfuture development• control of iJ1vestigation and intervention• procedures for policy adoption and review;

These issues form a. part of the Plan framework for Preah Khan asshown on the following page.

· - . . ."

Review ProceduresParticipants/Representation

·Finance· 'Training· External Requirements

ConselVation ScheduleConservation Guidelines·

Collabbrative ProgramsMaintenance Schedule·

::!:~:::gll~\\!!leIJl:i!·!I__lli::;I:..-,!!..lllj~:Conservation· .TrainingUse~

ManagementPresentationInfrastructUre PlanCultural Tourism ProgramPlcmning Framework

: New DevelopmentApproval Process

. . .

:;:::\·~!~:!:N'J~91I'9!il:!I:lj~g;;g~~I:t!~·\Advisory Board .Multi:-disciplinary Project TeamConselVationd'AngkorResearch Centre

.CollabOrative Programs·

·!~:I..iilglil&1III1::..-:-[j..,·I!!:I:i,....·[!i,[\;II-ij:~:i-j;::j·:::II-II:i~i!!:i!i:LegaJand Planning.CommunityVIsitors and Users

.:l~]::·I_,gl·lllIl:illli·:~I~i'i,l:I:II:l·I·::;\·\:Adminisjr~tion

Inventoryand PlanningTr~fning· .

.. Computerisation.Urgent Site ActivitiesFUr:tdraisingFacilities·

ConservatJon Management Plan .Process

·::::c8is:j'fjlllill\!\\lljIJ.E£INest::!:.:.:<.;.:-:::.:.:.:.;.::~:.;";.;-:.:.:.;--.:.:;;_.:-:':;:;:;;':::;:;:::;:::::';';':':' .:.:::.;::-:;.:--;-:.:;•.:.::.;•.:.::.;.;.;:..:.;:;.-.;-::;:;:;.;.•:;.".;. ." ..••

. Approach and, IntentionProcedures

Docum~lltation .Arcbitectural· ConselVationArchaeology and ExcavationInventory .PresentationEnvironmentInfrastructure

-!~!·gN!.fii.~·~~§.·!~:::ttijDij:::KQANI:\:Aesthetic·· ..ArchitecturalSdentilkArchceological.NaturalHistoric·

i;sllgiliIB:·lillli....I:.iilj\:·!I\·-::j:....·[Chronological HisfOlY...Locational ConteXt .1930-1990 ConselVationOvelView

•8 World Fund

3.4 Plan Frame\NorkforPreah ·Khanre following framework provides a~·ovelView6fCOmponehtSirithe planning program.

· . PRfAH KHAN REPoRT.

Initiating the Planat Preah Khan

Documentary Research

Inventory

Site Investigation

Training

Initiating the Plan at PreaJ1 Khan

20

The Garuda illustration extractedfrom'Invantain! Descriptifdes Monuments dlLCambodge' by E, Lunetde L';jonquiere, 1911.

4.1 Docul11e.ntary Research

To date. many sources have been identified and archival docl,1ments.·reviewed for the conservation project. 1l)ese publications are listed in,

theMission Report bibliography.

'The ciocumentary information Will be summarised. to condsely relatethe history of the site. This work contributes to establishing'the culturalsignificance of Preah Khanand provides the backgroundJnformationessential to the ConservatioD Project. .

Documentary sources are listed in the project computer systemincluding relevant extracts from early reports, archival plans 'and imagelibraries, The customised system'iscornpatibie with the softWare programcurrently utilised by the EFEO for arc;:hival doc~mentation.

11

Inltia'lingtl1e PlanatPreah I(hanPREAIH<HAN REPoRT

'4.2 'Inventory'

'- ,

-In its simplest form, "heritage. invent;ry is an index to an historic place.compiled in an established time frame with consistent criteria. In thecas~oFPreah Khan. the basic inventory .Iocates all items' bygrid reference co­ordinates and records data suCh as an architecturaldescripdon.structuralcondition and construction type. -

The basic inventory establishes exactly what exists on site. making it

possible to~et logical prioritieS forfuture programs and to schedulecOhservationactivitiesa-ccordingly._For example. all theC\feas in danger of ,imrninentcollapse are recorded for priority action. ThlJs. the heritagehivenrory is the fUndamental starting point of a conservation managementplan.

The inventory is dynamic-and continually updated.

"",'., e compilation of.an invef1torywas initiated in March 199 i, by the1 WMFTeam., .' .

Litem is the term given to an individual element on the site. which includes a cell. a-terrace. an artefact etc. . ,

~.

Ii-'~ -.~-_.-t ,- .::...l1::-=,=.=::_::_-":;::====1=,=:+=

The site plan,with the

Location gridused to

preciselyidentify all

items

Plan.froiTJ-'lrivimtair(J DescriptiJdesMonuments du Cambodge' by'E./'unet de· Lajonqui.ere, J91 J. Itemsc:anbefOlLndin the database usingthis syst~ma6o;~howeveri~doC!sh.ot

•. accQunt for (!!leh building or cell ~

" II.

• II

II "

• IIa •.'.D •.. "11 '11

11 •

'13 II

a, Q • II D II Q Q

• Qe' a

lIaaQUDIIQgaQODCa.QIlQQD

. .Fig, La:..., I'ral.. "han. n° 5••. Pl.n des pr.mi..... d d.u'ieme enceinl...

. . . ....

Inltlatlng the Plan at Preah Khan.

a •

a •

• • -.. • Q. Q

a •

• •

• •

a •a' •

• •

• •

a •

• •

• a

· .· .

II

Initiating the Plan at Preah Ktk'n.PRfAH.KHAN REPOltT

The jield recordingform is shuwn in Khmer. Thi.~ is currently alsu n1Jnilable iIiJapanese and English. The form is reproduced in the dutabasejor ensy entry ofinformation. The datn!Jase accommudates translatiuns for this purpuse.

World Monumems 23

. . .

The field records are formatted 'for computerisation, Using a customiseddatabase, iflformation is organised intoahierarchy and the basicdatacollected forms the foundation of the system. The computerisation of thefield records is expedited by the use of codes and symbols.'The computerprogram is PC based.

The options for data correlation and conservation planning becomemore sophisticated as the inventory records grow. The system facilitatesstorage and retrieval ofarchival documentation, photographic catalogues,project scheduling and financial accounting;

.•·.·;(fiiijijij:O·@sulai;·gj·:!:·:···:""eField Recording form was developed.specifically for Preah Khan and.1 this customisation. enabled the use of cheddists and prototypevariables.

The form design and a photographic glossary ofnomenclature wasprepared in collaborationwith the team from Sophia University. Tokyo.Both teams have uSed· the same format for site recording. .

.... '1 ..

.

tis...:IlCJ ..«l:ti'd4:~d~_)

~rr~· ,

..

Kme:t.-;.:~ ;..s~~M~~~~:

2 .:l 4

....>lll..,.;o\.r~=:l' ~ , .!l

~~-a:msf""'''''

~tl..-e::1

t~~.

~~z:- '

'~;~~Q91,

"!1Q.'H~N!!

"'~~"'f..J 1'f

m't6~1'iff.tt::A'"o tri~t1

.- g ~t:sr;-~elWJ)

~9\)'at.=..s. .In~iGfSl1

Ii;'",-'ll""'~

l~cvUt..J.Y'TJ;,;;T;'?l

=­:II:II

:II.:II:II

=8.:IIx:8.;;&

~

:a=II..

::;a' ..::31.

fIE··ttJI·b.I .•.

f31'~.

;...••.•.•.••••.•••..;•...c

To date, the physica.l investigations havedi.v.,ulgt=d new information,, 1 material and artefacts. This work consisted of: '

:~4.3 Site Inv~stig,ation

Preah Khan, /991

Inltfai1ng ,the Plan at Preim Khan

fund24

'<;I~aringOVerg~owth

• Loc~tingbrairiage Systems.' Identifying ArdlC!eological Strata• Positioning Unrecorded Structures• ExamIning Alterations and Failures

The mature forest's dutch on Jhe buildings is stril~ing. Large ficus trees'havea gnarled and~ternalgrasp on manyof the sandstone buildings; Fewlocations are Without evidence of vine or root holds. UndertheWMFTeamsupelVision, the'Khmerwbrkers from the ConselVation a'Angkorcl~ared

extensiveareasofl!ndergrowth, primarily within Ericlosu'res 1 and 2. Thisafforded the team access to previoLisly impassable areas. '

To verifY the method ofearly drainage, the'WMF team architects," determined sites to be excavated. Th,e archaeologists and CohserVation

d'Angkor workers exposed stone channels and.drains whichdemonstrated technklues ofwater reticulation from courtyards andthrough bUildings. Levels of soil strata were identified, ,establishingtheextehtof topsoil and spoil that has accumulated ewer the centuries.Embedded in these layers were stone segments from the buildings as wellas a remarkable decorative piece.

One ILrchrwo!op;iclLl (!:'CcrLVlLtiOl/. llndertaken during the ·Hissiol/.. a courtyard in !~'nc:lo",llreJ. l.oclLtion: SOO:>-IV065. (photo: S. Cunli.ffe, 1991).

World Monumenrs Fund 25

,I,.,'. ~

I'REAH. KHAN REPoRT Initiating the Plan at Preah Khan

4.4, Training

,1i!:,::rm:illi':i~[,IIDII_:I!i!il:~;I;;,llil~llll:11'~,~,II!tl:~I:ll,l,il~,l;,II,i:'~,~,I:,li'l',~"';!,I,~I!!,!~ljl:~il;!:!:ll!~!:,:li:!:!'ti,:!:,:il!;:,:;n:;,:'""f11e Preah Khan Mission in. March was establishedWith an intent to train'I young Khmers in the disdplineof arChiteetliral conservation, with theview that some of these individuals will assume the future role of Angkorconservators and site guardians. ' ' .

, ,

The objectives of the first trairungprogram were:'

• to introduce university students to the basic prindples of conservationplanning for historic sites

• to develop rudimentary skills inre<:ordinganddocumenting historic~~~re .

• to introduce the multi-disciplinary fc).cets of conservation,includingarchreologicaI excavation, inve~tOlY methods, photographic recordirig,site sketches and structural investigation todemonstrate the Usefulconservation <tools'

• to stimulate awareness of Khmer culture and its architecturalmanifestationAs a learning objective, it was determined thatthe partidpants would

produce measured drawings ofspedfic areasofthePreahI<han complex.Itwas a program objective to keep the partidpants inspired andenthusiastic with theoppdrtllnities offered in conserving Angkor.

After a few days, it was evident that the proposed work schedl.Ile couldbe accelerated and expandedtoindude additional'issues such as spatialanalysis, construction details, inventory recording andsutvey techniques.

16 World Monuments Fund

~::::i;1~!i':~,~rI~itiifi9;':~im;!:liBl!:,:I!!:,,~i,~::::::~::,~::~::,~':;i:;!l!, ..i:,:::iiil:i:~@i;:;'i;:l~:l;l~:~,:!I:I:I:l:!11:'!I'I,~I,:1·:1!,i"I,:I:"II;::1::l::;:il"':::::·li' ..:!~:,,,:,,

L' ecfures, meetings and informal disclJssionswith the group of 'approximately twenty four trainees occurred throughout the petiod of

fourteen days. TheWMF team was responsible for theinterisive trainingofeight people: 'l1vearchiteeture and archaeology stUdents and a Dean of theUniversity of BeauX,Arts and two employees of Conservation d'Angkor.

WMF team members each lead disc)Jssions with thesttidents on-site,covering topics such as roofstructures,arcflaeologyUandscape and

, natural enVironment, spatial.analy~is and history.

The majority of the trainingwason-site ancl "hcmdson' at Preah Khan.Factorssuch as the humid and hotweather; the,-?ite facilities (or lackthereof), thedifferentlevelsof knowledge and language were importantfactors intheselection ofan approach and schedule.

It was planned that the most taxing wdrk would be accomplished in themorning, when, the weather was typically cooler. The afternoons wereoften spent in the studio'of Conservation d'Angkoc Studio activities.indudeddemonstrations of useful d~aWing techniques, the use of thecomputer, assistance in translating field notes and conf1rming the designsfor the proposed exhibition of drawings.

Small groups (2 or 3trciinees) was 'the favored arrangement for the taskoriented work. In the'intensive stages of the session, a daily routine wasintroduced. By organising structured activities, less time WC!5 spent tryingto communicatewhat would happen '-next' ,a situation aggravated by therequirement fot language translations.

•II

~~'.

•II ..

Chharw Cha,mreon, archceology student ojthe (j niver.~ityoJReaux" rts, records the scuLpturaL piece uncovered durinJ.f the investii!atorv excavations.'

A detail ofthe Linga PostelevatiQn att!z-e'WestProcessiQnal

DE TAIL: E. ELEVATION.... \ '

SCALE: 1: 10e;P--=:::I':=;;;;--=::I:::Jo;;;;;;;;;ilo=,5~HIc:::~::::r::::::r::I==1r

Conservation d'Angkor

UongSavethKongSam Sera

PIuAH KHAN REPoRT Initiating the Plan at Preah Khan

- ~ . .

ThebraWi~gsandassociated material prepared·by the students for the,pres~ntationareHsted: ' .. '..

Location Plan ,Sit~Plan PlanofPreah Kh~n

Spatial Plan: EasfWest Axis.SpatlaISection:EastWestAxisPrecessional PlanProcessional Elevations: North and Southlinga Post:· Plan, East Elevation ~dNorth Elevation .InventOly Field Recording ForIT1s - Khmer and English12 Blackand White Photographs (A3 format)

[:':I:I;m'li;;I;:'I_III:II:I::;):i:I::I:lli:,l,~,i:I:,1))';::::lljl:l!i:i:I!;::,II:I;l:'i':::i:[:'~::l':;I::[::l;I,.~::'I~I:l:l:;,l:i:;,:,'l'::i:jil,III::['l:):;I;l:':"::I:I,.,I;::I[::l:::::::,:~:):i:'illll~:I~:II;::;1',-"e partidpantsagreedthat they would like to. prep.·are draWi.ngs a~a.I part of their training, which would contribute to 'an exposition of ,Angkor work in Phnom Penh. An axial plan of the eaSt-westaxis was.'selected as the principal device for the students'to experience the extent,va~etyand c:ornplexityonthe site, and to applythatl<nowledge totheproduction of architectural drawings. The quality,of the drawings~peakforthe pridecindinterest in the project. .

28 World Monuments Fund

UniversItY ofBeaux ArtS

LekSareth. SyRathmony.11th Khem.araEn Sarinthh~uln ChamroenHeng BunTorig

(Dean of PlasticArts)

3.

SCAlE' " lSO

DRAWN' 'SY R~ TH PIlHtBY •

VORlD t«lIU1[HTS RIll1l

,AHD •UNIVERSITY OF FINE 4RTS

fACULTY OF ARCHITECTIR;ANi URBAN .. PLANNING.

P'tfNJ" "P9tii !~,.:!

~l a .

.#iU1biffii!ill.~lfA::.le£1:Jc~lf)a.

a) '*\1'~~~ .,.

...... ",", ULL

~S.

1I1ft1I~~

~~ems

~ ',~;~. l"oIlIlfo

!l-tW....-.-- ..

,TITLE' , PlAN OF PREA""'\S.HI. ' . I

!iI

DATE ' 17' 114, '99'- 29'. DRAWING'~Ul1!£R;

PREAH , KH.ANCONSERVAl"IONPRoJECJ1991AlUra Sl!l1RUP PllOVIHtE

STATE :oF CNiBOOIAa D CD D a a a 1:2 ao a.at? n a 'iJa air '" c'l)aaC:ln n 1!lc c!!::l C cc!lc'D"U 0 ti ~ aDD a QD 0

- ---'-,-'--- --,--

•a3

••3fII3

II

-.:I

rIrIfl.:IistJI

••II

:I

31:.In;~;,;\l

Initiating tile Plan at Preah Khan

.uotR SD-f:V,P P~VlHC£

s!~n:;'-of ~ ..."'QIllU) IOUo£N1S fl.H)

.uotHVmSl1'Y ~ FINE ARTS,....Cu.TY 0,. AR:Hlf£CllR:

»eU$l:8.ui PLAHHtI<J~

P"~"'.,~

fiRE' ·:J~:~t=NSCAlE ~ t ; tOO

M.lYffl 5.AR£fH LEI{Ill'

D,4fE ',U.O'.t'Ul

PREAH KHANCONSERVATION

.. PROJECT 1991

30:

Inll1al1ng the Plan at Preah Khan

:&.­•II

II

IIII

8!0- ~-I,- ~,",',10 lim-'I·-I I',' ill -_. ! ! II I: !,: __ III__I I !- - -, ! ii !II I .=;s,I I _

•II

••:8

AIliiroll; SlalIlEAP P"'I'IHC£STATL OF •CAHSCDIA

.1I0000_HIS niNOAHO ,

UHIVIJlSllY OF FIHEARTS 1FACuLTY 0'; AIICHlTECTlRE 'Alii UIlBAH' P~AHiflHa

PHMlIf PIlfl

, PREAH-KHAN, ICONSERVATION; ~PROJECT 1991

tl' 600

SECTION: AB

SCALE: 1:10 'DETAIL: N. ELEVATION

.THE POST OF PREAH KHAN TEMPLE

DETAIL: E: ELEVATION

SCALE: 1:10

/looL===........t=1l=:i5"==::::::ir'

, '

PROCESSIONAL PLAN

EJfl1 I I" t trSln '. t ;"s..~ . .;;. ~ .

$. ELEVATION

. SCALE: t:200It{ § I I II i'"

'J.I t IIII '·11 Iii' II it ". t,w.' "ltlllJIII i.1 lit _EN. ELEVATION

.32 '

1\'

,,'Administration

" Plan~g

'Training' "

UrgentSite'Activities

facilities '

WorkProgram '

Action Plan"991, - 1992

l 'I

,') ,

- -. 4_-.._

...­.....:.11

:II3:

:ii'

=-

=II:!II

:II31:II:11

;II

:II:II'

=­:u=11,':s, '::a:II

34

PREAH KHAN CONSERVATIONPRO/ECr° Aaion Plan 1991 - 1992

The east-west axis of Preali Kh'an as viewed from the top ofthe centml tOlcer,looking lcest. (Photo source: J~ Rodsted, tIlell}{/ilrne)

.

•..,.'.:.':'.O·.:'.,,:.,·.',:,'.".·.·ft

O

·.. ·.,· ·,.·.','.•.'·,·C·.·".o,..•',.,Ot·,·,,:,·.·.·.·,~I,:·,·,··,O',·,.·"·.·,,',o,.o,··.·.n'.·c,,:.,:,.'.',.,,.',:.•.,:'.:.:.,.,'o·.p'.:,',.'.:.,.'..o',::..',·"o.·.·'oo.:a',.'.··,ooo.o,··o·,,-,'·,·n°.,-.·.·o·..'.·.:,.·.o:.·.•.",::•.:..:.•:.,:.. :.,.:,0: :,.',.9:0

' ,:,.0.,.'.:,.'.··.'..~.',·'o:,·,,:,·:,·.,:,;:,.',::',':.:.::•.;.:.·:.'"L..,.:,,:.,.-,::.,.-,:.:,.,:.:,;.o.,-.,i4r,;.·..·..:,.:,0:..99:.0 :..,.::" :,..'.' ..00..·2.·,,·:.,·.·..:.,:.:.:::. ::•••••!::i;:;::·: •••::::••••',::,.:{::, •• ':'.':'.'••• ',.;::; ••:":::"··:'·::'::::.;'7.ra. ..... :::1. ::iJ.::. ::~.. .::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:~:f~\::::::::::::;::::::::::::: ::=;=;::::::;::{:=:::::=::;:;::::::.;:::;:-:.;.;.-...

T'he World. 0 Monume.nts Fund isprep.ar.ed to collaborate witht.he State1 Government of CaInbodia in the initiation of the Preah lilian

Conservation p'roject; Provided that approval is given, a ConservationOffice in SiemReap Can beestablished to <;:o':()rdinate and support thefield work for this project.

The 1991-1992 Preah Khan program centres on establishing theadministrative stnictureand formulating the Conservation ManagementPlan. As summarised in Section 3, it is proposed. that the culturalsignificance of Preah Khan wnr now be established and conservationguidelines and policy will then be detailed. The inventory and site analysisare scheduled °to continue as is the training prograrn, for professional andcraftsdisoplines. Site conservation workwill be limitedto areas requiringurgentstabilisation. ..

The Action Plan sets out ideal parameters for the Preah KhanConservation Project, outlined in terms of Administration, Plariningj·

.Training, UrgentSite Ac:tivitiesandFaciIities. .

On receipt of formal approval from the Government ofcambodia, theWorld Monuments Fundis prepared to initiate fundraising to undertal<ethe program outlined in this Report. Once the program is accepted andthe funding is ;:l.vailable, the schedule can be implemented.

5.1 Administration

PREAH KHAN RuoR:r . Aalon Plan 1991 - f992.

i,illlll_Billl[iiB;;;ij'I[~i;'iiiii,i~lji:liliii'I[~[,ili~~jll~i:jlii~j;iii:i:i[jii;I'I~,il~l;:ji[ji;I;~i,iii~il*j;[ijii:;ji'i:,~jji"li~:~lil,'~[':,:i,'jl~i[I~liliiilljlijl,:i:illi~!iii'liijlll~i:ii~'liif;I~:,,'~i~i~'iA planning team will oversee the compilation of the Cons~rvation ",

Management Plan, and be responsible for short term requirementsindUding. the inventories, the establishment Of significance and design ofconservation policy.

i,liiiillilglljl::.I!II:lill'lil'II~III::;lllllllllili~lilllliillilil:lilillilll~iiil~llllil;l~j~I",llil~,illii,iliri,li;ilil,lilii,i,[,llli,~I;~iill;I'~llili;lillIllllllilii~,II'I:I!I!li,jl~iiliil:I'I;I~[[,:'i",li~[iii'i,I',11Thelabout teams will provide support to the project teamIn site

dearance and stabilisation measures. .

l'ill;IIIIIIIBII'I:_@'lili,:,jlii;'I:l[:i,,~i:II'lij:illll,:,',illiilllij',i',iilillili':,l,ji'ili,li'il;!'i"I'il:'i'liji'li,'I:iilllillill':I'iliillllljlillli'i'iiillllil,iii'ii,liiilThis team isthe support staff at theCOnservationd'Angkor, cO- , .

,ordinated by the 'Office Administrator.

. i~;!liliIIIEil;.'lll':j~'i'lil,[li!lijili~liijilililililii:iiliil,riilll:ili,~jli[,:~,~li'~,~ii~'lij:ll:,j,!lIlil~lli'i~~,j'il,~i:li'il,li;ijiil'l,il:ll,jl,i:ll:,i,iilllllil:llllll['illllllll,II:'il',II"li.,ilj·i,:,'lil:'I'~I~~I"llThe crafts and masons feams Will conduct .the stone inventory, leam

basic masonry techniques, and provide supporttotheprojectteam instabilisation work.

. .

ili"i,sglll.ili~.I~llill~~il~lliil~'~I~'I~'i,~,iil~llllllllillil,~lillili,iil'lil'ilill~I'I'llli,~li~~~~iiiil~l:,lill,:.li,l,i'II'jil,li~lllil,fi.li,[llll',~iili~1IIIilf;l~:i!";i,l,i,l['''''e Cambodian government have indicated that it can provide .1 administrative stafffrom the Department of Conservation, the Ministry

, of Culture and InfOrmation as'well as the Conservation d'Angkor to initiatea Conservation Office at Siem Reap: SeveraIoffice personnel wili be

,.requiI:ed, induding aCarnbodiar office ildministrator.

,illllll'jl;II~llllllllillllilllllliillll~lil~llIlil!1I1ill~llilil~llllllllilllll~lllllf8.~lil,llilllil,illlil~:I;lllilil~~111~ll;illll,~111I1;il[lli,i;I;'I';I~[1I11I,li,~il~,illil~lll;,llllll;lli,I,',!iili"lili,ll,lii

@m'· C?:.

:Ill":II

•illaJiI."

••,

•=IIa

••

31

:II:II.':Ii31

;I

fl-

•World Monuments Fund 35

36 World .Monuments Fund

Urgent Site Activities: aT£. exampleo!a Preah Khan structure assessed to be in danger ofimminent collapse. Location NOOV _ W065 (photo: L. Anglin. 1991)

PREAH KHAN REPoRT, Action Plan 1991 - 1992

World Monuments Fund 37.

5.2 Planning

. .

1"iiillf~i,·§I;II,lfirll;I;ljill.g,jlilmlllllill;,I!"i:,ii:!'i"li!'!"'i!\·!!!:',i",j",J,;'j.!I!,.jl!,li,lll!'jl·.i!,!,!,ji'['!lj:;il,!·!·[:[:·;li!lj·:jj:!i:,Thesignificarice ofPreahKhan and the requirements for responsible

conservation ofthe complex will be defined once the basic investigationsare completed. . .' '.

... Thefinal.stage of the ConserJation Management Plan will provic;ie.recornmendations and guidance for short and long term site work and

, proj~t management~ Thepoligiusesthe Angkor Report's procedures andprindpl~s as its basis and indudes si.te spedfic information such as:

• Conservation Guidelines• Site Zoning and Priority Works• ~aterial·Conservation• Alternative Uses Proposed for Complex• .Management Structure and Administration• Preseritationand Interpretation• Excavation and Investigation• Training

'i:jiii'lif"i::llllllili.j:ij,:·illllll:D!jji·:ilil'.IIRiijiiliijlil:,:lli:,ii",:i:i,j:iii,".i.:i.i"iii·i:iiiiili,!:'i",ii·,:':;:i·iJ"Jii:i'J:;

In selected priority areas ofPreah Khan. the assessnient ofthe structure·and materials will be undertal<.en by the multi-disdplinary project team...........@JBp~.,.,I~~··

.All investigations will be recorded using the customised computerdatabase which is capable of fadiitatingrelationalcomparison. schedUling,

. and management fortheconserVation·project. .

• ExcavationCh~onology

• Stone Inventory

:!I:i::I;,llllllllllllililllllllllllllilillil:jlll:i:111111:j:llllli,iIE::iiil• Architectural Research• EFEO Archives Summary,• BotanicalResearch ' .• Religious and Inscription Research". M'~teriaIs Consel"'iati.on Res~rch

.Moveable Objects Research, Hydrological/Geological Research

ji:i:i,ill!',llllilli,i'IIIIIIII~llii'il"i,llllllliilliilll:::lil:iilll':i::I";i,i"iii• Building Inventory .Complete the basic irwentoryof the Preah Khan

site anqcollatethe information using theprocess design¥ dUringthe1991Mission~.'

Initiate the stone inventory. identifying e,~ch

block iripriorit)/work areas.peforeariy·, ~

intervention ormovernellt on site. .' ' "• , Botanical Inventory Identify major plantspedes and growth patterns• Recording .Verify existingplans and records in selected

areas of the complex .MInimum disturbance to enable researchComparatiVe analysis with other sites andadvanced study of thepreliminary survey of thesite development.

• Geologicall Hydrological .Sampling Bore tests initiated and water table monitoring

.stations established• Structural Assessment Analyse building failures and documentation of

engineering systems.

'The Conservati,9n ManagementPlan preparation forms a significant.'. ,I foundation foi,theconservation program. The requirements are:

31~,

til., ~ '. "

3'~

:3111,~.'"=--; .-: ~.

\

\\\r1L'-,, ,--

, '" tRP--

,Perspective and cr-oss-s~ction.ofWest GopuralIl atPreah Khan, as interpre~ed byN Milat,i991

-----',--

,-,.._--_. -"~-,

38

_' PR£AHI<HAN REI'oitT, Action Plan 199(-1992

, ,I,

~

; ,

:~

Urgent Site ActttlLtl8S: an,-exarnp= VJ "'," • -'-- .----

2. Hire Administrator

8. Identify Planning Team

_.._---~----.-- ....

Establish Site Office

TRAiNING .ACTlVITIES

B ADHINISTRATION

4. Activate Project Team

5. Identify Crafts Teams

6. IdimtifyLabour,Teams.

3. Prepare Equipment List

I: Continue Site Training ofPreah Khan Team

2. Set up Crafts Training'On-Site'

3; Regional' Training forFaculty & Students

C

ACTIVITIES IN YEAR 1992. ,

--'--_:.._---------------_.:.'..'-------------------::------.;;. ..-- ....:. ...:.._------..... ---_:..---.;. ......... ;.. ..._-- ...:. .._---- ....__ ......--_ ..------..;--_ .._----_ .._- ... -- ....._-----~----- .._---- .. _.;.-, ..._--.---------_ .._..-----_ ..---:.:. ../10 ACT I V'I T Y OCTOBER NOVEMBER OECEMBER I JANUARY I FEBRUARY I HARCH I APRIL· I . HAY I JUlIE I· .JULY I AUGUST '1_~------------~~--------~---c-----1 ~_----------I--~---~c----I-------.----1 c ·_: I-------~---- i_:_c I : .I----------:-I------C--~--I--·---------I ~----.-.---- IA APPROVALS I .' I I I I I . I I . I I I I

I I I I 'I I I I I I I II. ApprOva i of Preah Khan' I I I. I I I I I I . I I I

Conservation Project- 1992•. I. :, IXXXXXX I' I I I I I I I I I.2. Approval of Staffin9 Proposalsl' I I I I I I I I .1 -i I

for Conservation O' Angkor I. '.' .IXXXXXX I I I I . I I I I I . )3. Approval. oLPreah Khan Budget. I I I I I I ·1·1 I I I I

RespimsibUities. I. IXXXXXX I I I I I I I I I I'i' I I I I. I I I I i I I

4. Selection of IIHF Project Team I. IXXXXXX. I I '1 I I I I I . I II I I . I .II I I I I I II I. I II I I. ( I I I II I I I I I I I I-I I II. .....•..... I. . : " •.•...••.••. IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I ,.I I 'I I I II' I I I. I I I',· I I I I II .i. , I ixXXXXXXXXXXXI I I I. I I I II I I I I I . I1. 1., ;·.. .1 IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I. I I . I I I II .. I' I I.'I I I I I I I II. .. ; I; ~ •• I I IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I I I I II ..- I' I I" I I I I I. I I I1.; ;I ,i ; IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I I ·1 I I II I·'· I I I I. I I I I ·1· I1. I. ; .. I .. · , .. '.I IXXXXXXXXXXXXI ·1 ( I I ',1 II I I . I. . I : I I I I I I I1 · I I··..·•• .. • .. ,·I IXXXXXXXXXXXXI i "·f I I I II I I 'I '. I I I I I I I. I·

7.' Identify Administrative Teaml. .i.: .I ::: IXXXXXXXXXxxj(j I I I I i I II I I" I '.. I I T I I I I I1. 1 ,· ;IXXXXXXXXXXXXI .I II I I I Ir I I 'I I . I I I I I I

9. Plan Angkor Cell Meeting 1. I I. : I. ~ .. ,.:I.· I XXXXXXXXI I· I I I '1. ·il.I· . I I I I I I '. I I I

10. Arrange Angkor Board ~eting' 1 1.; 1 1. •.'•• ; :.1. : 1 XXXXXXI I I I I II" I . I II· I I . I I I I· II . I ·1 I I I I I I I I II I I 'I I 1 I I I I I ·1I I 'I I. I I .1. I . . I I I II. , I. .I ., I. IXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXI I I II . " I I I'" I . I I I . 1I. I ••• 1 ..,•••••••• :. I. 1: IXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5XXXXXXXXXXXI I '1 II I I I ·1 I I I I I I I1. .•..... :·:.• 1••••·••.• : 1 1; : ••• 1 . 1 1 1 .••••••••••• I. I. IXXXXXXXXXXXXI

. 1. Establ ish Project Offi ce

PuAH KHAN !luou Aet10n ,Plan f99 f - f992

5.6 Work Progral11

'40 ' World Monuments Fund

Ii

~

Ii

FIir:

r

I

rr

PluAH KHAN REPoRT . Action Plan 1.991 c- 1992

-------~--------------------------------------------------------.;.-----------------.-----------.-------------... ---------,.;-... --.... ----:-":'_--------------------------_ .. _-----------------NO A C r i V I TY OCTOBERIIOVEMBER DECEMBER I JAIIUARY 1 fEBRUARY I HARCH 1 APRIL 1 HAY I JUliE I JULY I AUGUST I________~ ,---"'--cc-------I---- I------------I------------I------------I----~-- I-----~·------I------------I ---~_--c-r-'c ----------1-.--------_--1-.-----------1

I I I I" I 1 I I ill I·.o URGE/IT SITE ACTIVITIES I I. I I I I 1 1 I I 1 I

---------------------- I I I I I ·1 I 1 . 1 I I 11. Site Clearance Exterior I I I I I I I I I I I I

Enclosure I I •••••••••••• 1•••••••••••• L ••••••••••• IXXXXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx XXXXXXXXXXXXI I I I2:' Emergency Structural I • I ' I I" I I I i I I I i

, Stabi I i sat i on I. 1•••••••••••• 1•••••••••••• 1 IXXXXXXXX'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I I I3. Clear Vegetation & Soi 1 I I I' I I I I I I I I I

Enclosure III 1. I. I. I I. IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I· I I I4. Clear Stone & Rubble 1 ./ II I , I I Jill I

. Along East WestAJds 1. 1. .. ; 1 1. 1. IXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXI. I 1 15. Consolidation & Stabilisation I I I I I I. I· I . I I I I

Enclosure Wall I , 1. I I I I. IXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I I6. 'Conservation Consoiidation of I I . " I I . I ,I I I

East/West Jlxis Selected Areasl. : I I I I I. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXI I· . I II I I ·1 I J ./ I I I . I I

E DOCUMENTARY/PHYSICAL STUDy I I 1 I I I I I I I I I

-------------------------- I I1. Architectural Research I I I I I I I. I I I . I

and Inventory I r I , 1 /XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXI r I2. Verificatlon'ofHeasured I I I. 1. I I I I" I I I I

Surveys at Site.' I !. 1 I I XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I3. ArchaeolOgical Research and I I I I '. I I I I I I I I

Selection of Excavation' 1 : 1 1: ,j. I •• : IXXXXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXXXXX~xxxXXXXXXXXXI I 1 I4. Botanical Research and I 1 1 1 1 1 ILl Iii .\.'

Field Inventory 1 I I I :·.i 1XXXXXXXXXXXXI I I 1 1 ·.15. Stone Stackslnlientory 1 I " '1 " " I I' 1 . . I I I I 1 I

and Analysi s I : ;1. ./ 1 : '. IXXXXXXxxxXxxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX1 I I I. 6. Research on Haterials. (Stone) I I I I I I I I I I I I

Conservationl. I~.,.· I , I, : IXXXXXXXXXXXXI. I I I I I I7. Structural Assessment I _ 1'( I . 'I'. I , I I I I I' I I

General 1 1 1 ;;I ~ ,IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I . I I I I Ia.Hydrologlcal and Geologicai I I I I I I Ii I I 1 I

Survey/5ampling/Kont tori ng 1 1 ; 1 : I ~ .. , IXXXXXXXXXXXXI I I xxxxxxxxxxxx1 1 I Ig. Htstorlcal and InscriptIonal I I I , I. I I. I I I 1 . I 1

Research OR,Chronology I I I ;.;; I.; IXXXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxi I I 1 1 I10. C~utertsatton of InventoriesI I ,I I ' I I I I I 1 I 1, & Updat tng . I 1. '. I •••••••••••• I•••••••• , ••• XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX xxxxxxxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX I

1 I 1 I 1 I I I ! I I 1F POLICY PlANNING I I 1 I' I I 'I Iii I 1

_______________ I I

1. Analysis of DoclJllentary, and i I I 1 1 1 I 1 I I I IPhysl caI Eviclence ColI ected 1. ••. , •.••••. i ", •; •••••••• 1 •••••• ,.; •• : I •••••••••••• IXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX I

2, ·StlII11lilry of Significance I I . I I 1 I ,I I I I I Iand Implications' . 1. 1 1 1 : 1 1 : 1. : 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX)(XXI I

3. Draft Conservation Pol i cies I I I I I I I 1 I I 1 1and Guidelines for Preah Khan 1. , 1. I ".' ".'" I " I .' 1 IXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX)(XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXI 11

4. Initiate Cultural T9urism 1 I . I. I I I I I I I I IStrafegy I 1 I I 1 1 , •• ·••,•• Iccccccccccccc xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxX~xxxxXXXXXXI

5. FaCiIltate Approval of Angkor I I I' 1', I I '1 I . I, 1 I 1Pr i nci pI es and Procedures . 1 I ••• : 1 I I. IXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX I

1 I 1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 1

----- :.:.- .... --. r~":'-~_

42 World Monuments Fund . Angkor byarlislN. Milal .

Annexes

MisSi~nTeamsand Reports

Itineraries and Programs

Contacts in Cambodia --

)~ -. ---.-

•III

I

I

I

I

I

I

III

[4- -

I-

6.1 'Mission Teal11s, and ~eports

SIEHRAP

E. BARAY

PREAH KHANCONSERVATIONPROJECT 1991

TIRE: LOCATION PLAN

SCALE '~'.l.;-0 ..V(

~!r : .[Jf.~A~IH

DAT[: 11.4 .. f1"OOAI/IHGHtH!IEI :

. AIBlJl.5IlHlI£» P"'ytHCI

STATE O. ' ...8001.

woilullllHlll'OrS fUHD-I1JllYil5ITT O' .,Nt ARnFACUlTY Of AlI:HITECTlJ£

-.AJlJlJlBAHPLAH.HIHG

PHHOH Pf!If

o PIl,8ATCHUK

apll,KAVAH .

mNEAKPEANN:BARAY

:!:.,."""":.

, .' ('

::_--=-'..:.==::.~

,."".',.:1'.II '

"II""ASAY CHANGKRANG" ::

..~R ·_";~lJ

t ~~----:r:r. ." ':.::Fi~~;;;=;~" /I."'.;-"• :1., .'II:

11**~rnl=-4I-: :_: ;:

L~===~"'II, "- I,'ANGKOR VAT <~: ::~~~-:~=:1Jj

":.,""""":'::.. ' ",': "..=:=:_-..,,:::!::.-~

, '

r--";'-- - -";'.- -- ... ---- ------,,.,,

PRiAHKHAH

,.:iII"":."".:"·11

".'":, ir=-·:":·-"':::'9F·'::::'i=II~

II"

\I':t",""',11 11till•• 11

·I~::I. "'1'11

:'1'u. 1

11,'::::.: ~-==:=.=-_:." '

i!::a==::===~

Itlnerarles and Programs

, ,

The following olfidalsfrom the Cambodian Govemment joinedthefeam whilst theMission Was in Cainbodia and contributed greatly to the .Mission's sUcr:ess:

• 'Mr. Pich Reo, Asst. Di~ecteur Department de I~ Conservation; desMonumentsHistoriquesi des Mus<;:es et du Tourisrne

, .

• Seung Kong; Qirector of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs

The staff at World Momrrnents Fund Headquarters were actively involved inproviding the essential administrative support and r:esearch assistance in thepreparation of the draft Mission Report, 1990 - TheConservatton and PreServationof the Angkor SaJ1C~,Cambodia' '

Following communications with the Ministry ~f Foreign Affairs, Government of theState ofCambodi~, the World Monuments Fund, has sent a two technical missions toAngkor. The purpose of these missions has been to assess the needs of the Cultural"Heritage Sector of the CambodianGovernment and to help reestablish a program toprotect and conserve the Historic OtyofAngkor. '

44 World Mom';men,ts Fund

!:'l!)I)!'illlii::I'!!!Jllitllllfill:j!iill,,:ill;j:I'llilllilll:l:jl:III~:':~:I:lll:l::~,':l:j'l!:~:;i:~~j!1l:l'~ll:jll!lilil:I~I:l:I:~lll:i:'il!~~:'ll'~l~i:~iiiiillil':;;:I:iill::'lllli:l:[The team for the first mission whichconsisteg of spedalists.in architectural

, conservation and thedev.eiopment of cultural heritage sites:

• The Getty Grant Program in California (John Sanday, ArchitectRestorer)- TheCentre National de Recherche Scieritifique CNRS(DrComeille jeSt, Cultural'Adviser; Dominique Lajoux,Anth'ropologistand photographer); - University ofParis (DtOaude jacques; Ii'istorian). . '

• The team was augmented by two members from the Ass6ciation des Amisd'Angkor (Engineer jean Launay and Architect Rene Dumont) who had forinerly ,worked at Angkor with the Fr~nch in the 19605.- UNESCO sent'twostaff 'members from Headquarters as ()bserVe~.

45

Itineraries and ProgramS

nn..t ; SITE PLAN

sc.au : I: 2000

[RM'It'; SARETH LEI(It· .

OA.TE • n.~.ml

~'02

PRE:AH KHANCO"lSERVAJI(]IlPROJECT 1991

• - .C·

-:RD IOf.Io&CTS •R.NJ

""lHVii5IfT Of ''''IE .t.AtsqlJ,l.fT:CF &R:HlJ[CYIJ£'

»O't.RSAoH Pl,..OIHlll(i

P':1'Oot, P9+t

I'llEAH KHAN REPoRT

..!! -

IIH::

... ~

2'IXI _ .- Joo

SITE PLAN OFPREAH KHAN

SCALE 1: 2000

0'0 so TOJ

·~I~.~:\II~~!~§gillll\!:I!II!II~~!~\I\~!!:~!III:!!\!I·!!I~I::\:~!!I:!!I:·!::~::!I:I!I~I~I!I\I!I:!!!!I:.:I:I:!::II:~~:::\:\::~!:!!I!:!!!:::I:I~~::~~:::::::i:::ill!.1:::·I·:.:!:~·~~\!:i:I:.::i:~~:::.:::::i\!::The World Monuments Fund's reCent Mission was in collaboration with Sophia

University; Tokyo. TheW(IJ\Fexpandedits team to include members from:

e PadftcAsia Tourist Ass6dation- CulturalTourism Divisi~m(RobertSon cbllins). - . -

e Cultural Management ConsultantS (Lori Anglin; Scott Cunliffe)

e The Ecole Francaise deL'ExtremeOiient (Bruno Bruguierand ChristineHawIxbrock)

e UnescO Headquarters (Veronicjue Dauge)-

John Sanday, Consultant to World Monuments Fund, led the Team. and CbmeilleJest, CNRS, acted as co-ordinator;

ProfesSor lshizawa led the Team from Sophia University which provided.specialistsrepresentingdi~iplines ofArchitectural History. Geology. Botany andArchaeology~

Arising from the Second Mission; -thef:ollowing documents "",ere compil~d:

e Sanday, Anglin Cunliffe""" WMFReport On~:ConservatlonManagementandPresentation of the Historic City ofAngkor':'" Preparatory Guidelines and .'Recommendations.

e Sand~lY, Anglin. a.mIlffe- WMF ReportTwo: Preah Kban.Conservation ProjectStage.One.

e Anglin; Curiliffe-;Preah Khan MlsslonReport:lnveDtory andTralnlng.

e Collins'- CultUral Tourism Conceptrap~r. (extracts in the Angkor Report).

eBruguier - Rapport de la Mission.. '.' . '. ~' .

. e HawIxbrock - Rapport d'Actlvltle••

These documentsarehelcl byTheWorldMonument Furid Headquarters'. in NewYork; USA.

I

I

I

I

I

I[I

II

II

II­

I

46 World Monuments Fund

" - ,.,' .

11th December 1989 MONDAY - Meeting with the Minister ofCulture and Visit to'tneUniversitYo'fBeallxArts for a CultutaJPerfonnance.- VisittheNatiqnal Library for discussions with Judy Ledgerwood,Library Conservation Program-(Cornell University.l-·Discussion Group with the Vice Minister ofCulture, the ViceMiniSterofForeign Affairs and members from th~

Departrrients ofArchjtecttire•.Archaeology;'Museumsand,'Conservation.

12th December 1989 11JESDAY-Site visitto FOITl'l~rCapitalofCambodia! Udang-:Meetin~His ExcellencY, the Ambassador o(P9land

13th D(;!cember 1989 WEDNESDAY-M~etingwith the Honou~ablePrime Minister}-fun Sen and members of the Prime i\1inister's Cabinet ~Sitevisitto the RoyalPalarein Phnom Penh,.. Second meetingwith the National Museumtqstudy documentation onAngkor. .: Meetingat the Faculties ofArchitecture andArchaeoiogy.Student presentation ..'Friendship Dinner with ,

'the Ministerof Culture. Mr Chu Pong and variol/s members ofthe Ministriesof Culture,Edu~tionandForeigl1 Affairs~,

TIiURSDAY-:' Site visit to East Mebon - Eastem Baray - SitevisitTakeo - SiteVisit to Bayon - MeetingWithlndjeln Team atAngkor eoriservancy8til DeCember 1989 ... FRlDAy-'Site visitto Baksei Chamrong-'Second visit to Preah Khan - Third VisittoAng~or Wat-:meet the Indian Team, '

9th December 1989 SAnJRDAY-Meeting withfue staff ofAngkor cQnservanq> -.Site visit to the Terra<:ecles Elephants '

Afternoon RetumbyairtciPhnom Peh~"

1Oth December 1989 SUNDJW- Sitevisitto Prasat Neang Kma~ (north PhnomPenh) - SltevisittoTa Pn::ihm, Bati - Lunch With the Min'isterof Culture, 'Mr. ,Chen.Peong -: M~eti~g'Vice Ministet ForeignAffairs, Mr.:Sok'An" , , '

7th Pecember 1989

PR.EA.HKHAN RuoRT' Itfnerarles and Programs

, '

4th December1989, MONDAY -ll1irdsite visitto Baphuon with the Frenc:JiTeam ­Site visittotheRoyalPalaceenclosure toPhitneanaI<as - Sitevisit to Thommanom and!01C1usay Tevada -Site visit to Ja­Prohm- Site visittoWat Athva,south ofSiern Ri~p

5th December 1989 TUESDAY-Site visittoPrasat Krayan - Sitevisitto Bat Chum- Site visit Banteay Kdei - Site visit to Pre Rup

6th December 1989 WEDNESDAY-Sitevisitto Preah l<han (Angkor)':Second sitevisit to Angkor Wat ' ,

.' . - . . '.

,.,,~Mission wasJ0rtunate in being able to visit24 bfthe major sites listed and1 considered part ofthe Angkcir group, during its stayinSiem Riep. On its retumto

P1inom Penh the Mission Was able to visit the Khmer-sites of PrasatNeang Kmau in 'the vidnityof the Phnom Penh aswell as the former capital Udang. AfterJeavingCambodia some members of the team were able to visitseveral ofthe Khmer sitesnear'Surin in the N.E, Thaiiandwhich p'rovided valuable cOmparative material as

, several siteS sUc/:las Phnom Rung'had 'been recently renovated. TIley,also visited,Ayuthia, fom1ercapital ofTh'aiiand. EaCh of these sites provided an interesting insightinto the real and potential threats of tourism development in the context of.arChaeologicalsites.' ' '

The fOllowing was th~Missibn'sitine!ary: " ,

1st December 1989 FRlDAY- Site Visit tq the Genocide Museum - Meetil1g withMr. SokAn,the'Vi~Mini~ter forForeign Affairs. -Visitto tneMuseum ofArt and Archaeqlogy. -Meeting with Minister oflnform(\tion and Cultu're Mr. Cheng Phon and the\iice 'Minister in charge of Museums Mr. CheySo Phea.. '

2nd December 1989, SATURDAY leave-Phnom Penh by AirforSiemRiep/Ahgkor.,.Site visit to Baphuon -Site visitto AngkorWat

3rd December 1989 .SUNDAY - Site visit to the Roluos Group of Monuments - PrClKao Site - Bakong Temple Complex -, Lolei Complex ;: Second' ,site visit to Baphuon ' '

Mission Teams arid Reports.

DETAIL

i I i I i l··l j i i I i ~,1tJ) r=. 47..., ~I i ~

The itinerary inThaiiand was as follows:

15th December 1989 FRIDA'i' - Meeting at the UNESCO Regional Office. Bangkok•.with members of UNESCO stiuf.and Japanese delegation fromSofia UniversitY to distuss proposed forthcoming ANgkorRound Table Meeting. .

17thDecember 1989 UNDAY-Site visit to the and~ntcapital of A~thia..

19th December: 1989 TUESDAY - Sitevisifto Phnomrung Buriram with Director ofArChaeologY, Dr. Nikom Musikghama.- Site visit to MuangTam, Buriramwith the Director of Archaeology. Dr~ NikomMusikghama: ,.' .

20th December 1989 WEDNESDAY - Site visit to several of the smaller Khmer siteslocated close to Surtn.

1!li:::lllllli:illlllillillll:!III!i::!:::!:!:I:!!:!::1::!lli,:!:I:I:::I:I:I:::li::,:::,:::.::::::II:I:I:::::~I:,ll::::!:,::::;i:l:li:l!:I:I:lll:lll:I:I:I:I:I:!:1:!I!i.illlli::li::l::lll;:lll:II:::I:!:!:!!!!::;:::::1::i:ll::;i;!JointSophia/WMf Mission 8th- 3.0tIt March 1991

It wasthe purpose of the Mission to establish the Preah Khan 'pilot' ConservationProject and thus this temple site was the focus of activities. TIle second mission wasproject oriented and activities centred on'the inventory and fadlitating trainingSessions. Particular reference should be made to Anglin/Cunliffe's MlsslonReport forthesesChedul,es.Collaborative training of the universitystudents was undertaken withthe Sophia Team.

I

I

I

I

I

I

I.I

I

I

I

I

I

II

I

I

I

I

PRJAH KHAN REPoRt MiSsion Teams arid Reports

ContactsinCatnbodia

, '.'-, -' .

'll1e'team was'a~mpaniedat all times dUring both missions by members of theDepartment of Conservationwho assisted us with their historical and technicalknowledge concerning the Khmer sites in Cambodia..Th~ following is a.list ofthepeople with whom meetings were scheduled or "on site~ woTking seSsion wereplanned during the fil?t mission. . '.

The PTesidentof the Couridl ofMinisters :;..........•......Hun Sen.'PrimeMinister .. -.- .

Cabinetof the President ofthe Council.of J\IIiniste~ :; Cham Prasa. Vice Minister

Ministry ofForeign ·Affairs " , :........••: : Sok An. Vice Minister

Pr~identbfUNESCO National Commission ..,...........•...: LongVisalo. Vice Ministre .

MinistTyt0f Information and CiJltureChheng Phon .•......: : Minister. Chey Sophea

Minister of the Departmentof Conservation and Historic Monuments: Tu K~unt. .

Secretary : , :.·.:.::, -..; Ouch Chea

Director, Department of COnservation and HistoricMonuments Museums and Tourism ; ; ,..;.........•.......................0uk Sun Heng ..

Directorof the Museum of Art and Archaeology, Phnom Penh Seung Kong

Directeur of the f.)qemal Relations B.~reau Ministry of Educatipn Mon <:him Huy

Vice Minister of Education :...•.....:......,..........................•........:.•.:•....•...........,.Irn Sethy

Secretary of Education University of Bea1?' Arts Chouch Phouem

48

Dean of the Faculty of Archaeology..•..........• ,...............................•.......HengBtln Tong.

Dean of the Faculty of Plastic Art Conservation d:Angkor Udang Von, Conservator

Provihceof Siem Reap , : u.: Leng Vy. GOvernor

ililiiilill:i:IIII;llililll!JIII:li~ililii:lii:li':I·1i:il:lili::l:l:iil'iil:l:,:l:l:lilli:i:il:::llil:lil:l:l:llill:l:l:l:l:i'ijjjl:':'il:l:li:ililil:lilil:lil:lililill:lillililili~:lil:::llil:lil::ilil:'ilii:~iii:ili::::i:::l:::.:~:l:':l:i~::'li'ilD.·uringthesecond mission. the Mission.had initial discussions with its host - Vice

Minister for Foreign Affairs-:Sok An and with the Minister of Culture'and' .... ..IhfolTIlation - the Director ofConservation. Ouch Cheaand his staff in Phnom Penh andin5i~m Reap'as well as FacultYmembeis from the Departments ofArchitecture (Prof.Hor Lat). ArChaeology. (Prof. Choucll Phoeum) and 'plastic Arts (Prof. Hem Bun "T6n?).j\1rRiChard Engelhart, UneSco tiason Officer in Cambodia was present in SiemReap and Phnom Penttforthe C1uration ofth~ mission. . .

biscussions were held forrnally andinformililYwith the folloWing members .of theCambodian Government:. .

Ministry6f Foreign Affairs'. .Sok An : : :..;.•.....•.; ;;,..; : The Vice Minister.Hor Nam.Bora , , :,.. : ,..•.•..ChiefEEC Division ..Tan Vun Yaung ..,.........•...: : ;......•...............;......•............Department of Europe

Ministry of Information and .CultureHang Chuon : : , :., : ::The MinisterQuch Chea ;; ;....... Director, Department of ConservationOuk chan : : : : ; DeputyDirector Department of ConServation

, . PichKeo : ;; : Asst Director, Department of Conservation

Conservation d'AngkorUdang Von : : ;; , , ;.,COnseivator··

Province of Siem ReapLeng Vy..· : ;.: " ; GoVernor"

·::·:.:l;III:::IIII·~III:I:II;:gl;I~·i:i:~::i:~.~:~:i:i::~i:~::::.::i~:I.:I·:i:~I~I:I:.:::l::i.:ilii:.~!!ili1:!:::·!:I·:i.:I:·:·:~:II::)::iii~i~·:I~::.~li:I·:~l~i::li;~i·:!.:·~:..~:il.~:i.:::!::~:il:l::::~:ii:~:~::::::!:::.:l~::.:.~l·.:l~::.:~.l:~"'The following students participated in the collaboratiVe WMF arid Sophia University·1 "On- Site" training program in Angkor: - . .

Department ofArchaeology Long BunnasiriwathLyVannaChan BhaktiKyYalipKimSuthinNuon NarethSengSothVann NarithChhan Chamroen -

MiSsion Tearns and Reports .

Department of Architecture

Department of Architecture

Departme~t of Architecture

LekSareth

SyRathmony

TIth Khemara

World Monuments Fund . . 49

En Sarin Department ofArchitecture

Chhan Chamroen Department of Arcliaeology

Department of Architecture Meng HeangChap .RathmonyNou StasatyaChhoITl SethaChea ChanthbrasChau Praing SouannNang S6th Si'\mphearPrak Bothavie

- Bun LyChamrrun Katika

-Lek SarethSyRathmonyTIth KhemaraEn Sarin

lil:iililll~l:i~lillillll:liIIBlllli:.I:I~liIIB:11:I:BIBI~I:IIII:::I:~i:~I:I~:~·~:~l:.~I:.:.:~i:::~i:I~::~~[::i::.:I:I:I:I:;::::I:I:.:~~~i.:.::.:~li.~.""~.following students worked with the World Monume~ts Fund Team to prepare1 information on the Preah Khan Report. . _ . . ..

liong Saveth Conservation d'Angkor-

Kong Sam Sera Conservation d'Angkor

Dean of Plastic Arts·

Departmel)tof Architecture

Heng Bun Tong

KunSorith

jill.~,. ... ,.

~.

fJ3

I

:I3II·

I~

11

©World ~l1on:u"umtsFund

Document desigrtedby S. Cunli.f/e 'and L.Anglin

PrOdu~tionbyStoddart Design

Printed on recy~Le.ip.·aper.@.·(\, . .~O"